EVACUATION BEHAVIOR AND CHILDCARE CONTINUITY AT A NURSERY SCHOOL IN AJIGASAWA TOWN, AOMORI PREFECUTURE DUE TO HEAVY RAIN FROM AUGUST 9, 2022

令和4年8月9日からの豪雨による青森県鯵ヶ沢町の保育園での避難行動と保育継続

Due to the heavy rain from August 9, 2022, the Nakamura River, which flows through Ajigasawa Town, Aomori Prefecture, overflowed, causing flood damage exceeding 1 m. A nursery school was flooded 10 up to 0.75m above the floor, and 47 children evacuated to a nearby elementary school by bus and on foot. Evacuation was carried out for about 30 minutes from 11:00 immediately after the evacuation order was issued. Even on the day of the disaster, an alternative nursery school was considered, and after the emergency nursery school, the nursery school was continued using the public hall. Based on interviews at the nursery school, we sorted out the problems of evacuation behavior and childcare continuity. In addition, after reproducing the progress of the flood in the urban area based on the flood trace survey around the nursery school and the flood inundation analysis of the Nakamura River, it was verified whether the evac-uation route and evacuation behavior were appropriate.

日本海から東北北部に伸びる停滞前線の影響による豪雨で2022年8月9日に青森県鯵ヶ沢町を流れる中村川が氾濫し，鰺ヶ沢町の市街地で1mを超える浸水被害が発生した．町中心部にある保育園は床上0.75mの浸水被害を受けたほか，在園中の園児47名はバスと徒歩で近くの小学校へ避難した．避難は避難指示が発令された直後の11時から約30分かけて行われた．被災当日にも代替保育施設の検討が行われ，休園することなく応急保育の後，公民館を利用して保育が継続された．保育園での聞き取りから，避難行動と保育継続の課題を整理した．さらに，保育園周辺の浸水痕跡調査と中村川の洪水氾濫解析から市街地の洪水進行過程を再現した上で，避難経路や避難行動は適切であったかについて検証した．

土木学会論文集(2023-)


Evacuation and Disaster Response Issues of Childcare Facilities Affected by the Heavy Rain Disaster in Northern Kyushu

九州北部で発生した豪雨災害により被災した保育施設の避難と災害対応における課題

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the issues involved in the resumption of childcare services and the evacuation and handover of childcare facilities at nursery schools, kindergartens and certified children centers damaged by the heavy rain in August 2019, the heavy rain in July 2020, and the heavy rain in August 2021. Regarding the reopening of childcare facilities, it was confirmed that there were problems with facilities and equipment, such as securing a safe and sanitary environment and space for childcare facilities during repair work, providing school lunches, and providing childcare at alternative facilities. Regarding evacuation and handover, issues related to (1) lack of information gathering means, (2) how to spend time during evacuation, (3) communication between childcare facilities and parents, and (4) ensuring the safety of parents and staff were found.

Journal of Japan Society for Natural Disaster Science


EMERGENCY GATHERING AT NIGHT AND FLOOD DAMAGE CAUSED BY TYPHOON NO. 15 IN 2022 AT NURSING FACILITIES IN SHIZUOKA CITY

令和4年台風第15号による静岡市清水区の 高齢者施設における浸水被害と夜間の 緊急参集の課題

令和4年台風第15号によって浸水した静岡市清水区の高齢者施設3施設を対象に，被害状況や避難行動等についてインタビュー調査を行った．また，巴川流域で浸水痕跡調査を行い施設周辺の浸水実態を把握した．いずれの施設も上階への避難訓練を実施しており，少ない夜勤者で多数の入居者を避難させることができた．一方，夜間の緊急参集の課題も浮き彫りになった．3施設において「安全が確保できる早い段階」がいつだったのかを検証した結果，気象情報や行政が発令する避難情報に加えて，河川の水位情報を活用した施設独自の基準づくりや，夜勤帯に入り前に日勤職員に宿泊してもらう措置を取ることによって緊急参集を不要とする「施設待機」についても検討しておく必要があることが分かった．


STATUS OF PRE-RECONSTRUCTION EFFORTS AND ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL DIFFERENCES AMONG LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN PREPARATION FOR THE NANKAI TROUGH EARTHQUAKE

南海トラフ巨⼤地震に備えた⾃治体の事前復興の取組み状況と地域差分析

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. F6 (Safety Problem)

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


INUNDATION DAMAGE IN ASHIKITA TOWN, KUMAMOTO PREFECTURE DUE TO THE HEAVY RAIN IN JULY 2020 AND BUSINESS CONTINUITY OF SCHOOLS AND NURSERY SCHOOLS

令和2年7月豪雨による熊本県芦北町の浸水被害と学校及び保育施設の事業継続

The Sashiki River was flooded by the flood disaster caused by the heavy rain in July 2020, and more than 1,500 houses were flooded in Ashikita Town. Due to this flood, schools and nursery schools in Ashi-kita Town were closed due to flooding of 0.1 to 1.6 m above the floor. From July 2020 to March 2021, a total of three inundation trace surveys and RTK-GNSS surveys were conducted, and inundation depth and elevation surveys were conducted at a total of 43 points. In December 2021, we visited the Board of Education and the nursery school and interviewed them about business continuity meth-ods and issues. A two-dimensional flood inundation analysis was carried out for both the Sashiki and Yunoura river basins, and the inundation process was analyzed. Based on these results, we considered inundation measures for schools and nursery schools located in inundated areas and proactive measures for business continuity.

令和2年7月豪雨では芦北町を流れる佐敷川等が氾濫し，町中心部で1500世帯を超える住戸被害が発生した．この水害で佐敷川沿いに立地する小，中学校や保育施設では0.1∼1.6m浸水し，休校・休園を余儀なくされた．水害直後の2020年7月中旬から2021年3月に計3回，浸水痕跡調査とRTK-GNSS測量を実施し，計43地点で浸水深と標高の調査を実施した．また，2021年12月に教育委員会及び保育所を訪問し，事業継続方法と課題についてインタビューした．主要な河川である佐敷川と湯浦川の両流域を対象に平面2次元洪水氾濫シミュレーションを実施し，浸水過程を分析した．これらの結果をもとに浸水エリアに立地する学校・保育所の事業継続の課題と対策について考察した．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


INUNDATION DAMAGE AND CONTINUED EDUCATION OF ELEMENTARY AND JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN NAGANO CITY BY THE TYPHOON HAGIBIS IN 2019

令和元年東日本台風による長野市内の小中学校の浸水被害と教育継続

In the typhoon Hagibis in 2019, the embankment broke near 58km on the left bank of the Chikuma River, and one elementary school and two junior high schools in Nagano City were damaged by flooding on the floor. In order to collect the response cases necessary for creating an education continuation plan for inundation disasters, we conducted an interview survey with the Nagano City Board of Education and conducted inundation surveys around the schools. The two junior high schools reopened 18 days and 24 days after using the upper floors, and the elementary school that was flooded about 2 m reo-pened after 23 days using a nearby elementary school. As a result of efforts such as safety measures for school routes using buses and taxis, supply of school supplies, and cleaning and disinfection of schools, the school was reopened and education continued in a short period of time.

令和元年東日本台風では千曲川左岸58km地点で堤防が決壊し，長野市北部の小学校1校，中学校2校が床上浸水した．浸水災害を対象とした教育継続計画作成に必要な対応事例を収集するため，長野市教育委員会を対象にインタビュー調査を行うとともに，学校周辺で浸水調査を行った．2つの中学校は上層階を使って18日後，24日後に再開，約2m浸水した小学校では近くの小学校を利用して23日後から学校再開した．バスやタクシーを活用した登下校手段の確保，学用品の支給，自衛隊や教職員による校舎の清掃・消毒，泥土処理など教育環境の整備が行われた結果，短期間での学校再開と教育継続が実現した．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


Survey on Evacuation Behavior at Nursing Facilities in Ashikita Town due to Heavy Rain in July 2020

令和 2 年 7 月豪雨による芦北町の高齢者施設における避難行動調査

The nursing facility C located near the Sashiki River was flooded due to Heavy Rain in July 2020. The survey method was an interview survey on the damage situation and evacuation behavior. In addition, a flood inundation analysis was conducted. Judging from both the execution and the process of flooding, facility C missed the timing of the evacuation action. The main reasons were that the event was beyond one's expectation, information was not helpful, lack of manpower, flooded water rose fast. The lessons of this experience are action plan using information, nighttime emergency system, evacuation drills with multiple patterns. For the safety of elderly people, both an evacuation security plan and a business continuity plan (BCP) are needed. On the other hand, there are administrative issues related to wide-area evacuation. Deregulation of the long-term care insurance system and simplification of administrative procedures are desirable.

令和2年7月豪雨により佐敷川の近くに立地する高齢者施設 C は浸水被害を受けた．高齢者施設 C を対象に，被害状況や避難行動に関するインタビュー調査と氾濫解析を実施した．避難行動と浸水の過程からみて，より安全な避難のタイミングを逃していた．主な理由として，想定外の出来事であったこと，情報が活用されなかったこと，マンパワーが足りなかったこと，浸水の速度が速かったことなどが考えられる．この教訓として，情報を活用した行動計画，夜間の緊急参集体制，複数のパターンによる避難訓練，などが挙げられる．また，高齢者の安全な生活のためには避難確保計画と事業継続計画(BCP)の両方が求められる．一方，広域避難に関する行政上の課題も明らかになった．この課題を解決するためには，自治体や福祉団体による計画策定支援が必要で，介護保険制度の規制緩和，行政手続きの簡略化が望まれる．


RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOPOGRAPHICAL CHANGES AND DEBRIS FLOW OCCURRENCE IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE AIZOME RIVER

逢初川上流部での地形改変と土石流発生との関連性

令和3年7月に熱海市の逢初川源頭部で大規模盛土が崩壊し，深刻な土石流災害が発生した．逢初川源頭部付近で複数行われた地形改変に注目し，これらの地形改変が流出過程に及ぼした影響について数値解析により検討した．地形改変前と後の地形データを用いて令和3年7月豪雨時の雨水流出過程を計算し，逢初川源頭部付近の断面通過水量の比較を行った．その結果，尾根部を削って谷を埋めるなどの宅地造成に伴う地形改変の結果，北側を流れる鳴沢川流域から多量の雨水が逢初川側に流入し，盛土末端部では地形改変前の4倍に達する表流水が通過した可能性があることが明らかとなった．


INUNDATION INSIDE A LEVEE OF THE YUURA RIVER DUE TO THE HEAVY RAIN IN JULY 2020 AND EVACUATION BEHAVIOR AT NURSING FACILITIES IN ASHIKITA TOWN

令和2年7月豪雨による湯浦川の内水氾濫と芦北町の高齢者施設における避難行動

湯浦川の近くに立地する高齢者施設を対象に，被害状況や避難行動等についてインタビュー調査を行った．また，湯浦川の河口付近の氾濫進展状況を数値解析し，施設周辺の浸水過程を再現した．施設職員の証言内容と浸水過程，発表された防災情報を照合することで避難行動の特徴を検証した．職員が少ない夜間の災害対応において，多数の高齢者を少ない職員で避難誘導するには限界があるため，夜間を想定した避難計画や訓練が重要であることを確認した．さらに，感潮域に位置する高齢者施設においては，避難情報や防災気象情報に加え潮位情報を活用することで夜間帯の行動を回避できる可能性が示唆された．


A trial of Enhancing the Understanding and Usage of the Earthquake Ealry Warning System in the Event of the Future Nankai Trough Earthquake --- Through Pupils' and Adults' Experience

南海トラフ地震を見据えた緊急地震速報の理解と活用を促す試み --- 児童・生徒と大人が共に学んだ体験活動を通して

The Japanese Journal of Safety Education


INUNDATION OF THE CHIKUMA RIVER DUE TO THE TYPHOON HAGIBIS IN OCTOBER 2019 AND ISSUES OF EFFECTIVENESS IN EVACUATION PLANS OF ELDERLY WELFARE FACILITIES FOR THE LARGEST EXPECTED RAINFALL

令和元年東日本台風による千曲川の氾濫と高齢者施設における想定最大規模の降雨に対応した避難確保計画における実効性の課題

In the heavy rain disaster caused by typhoon HAGBIS in 2019, the collapse of the Chikuma River embankment caused widespread inundation damage in Nagano City. We conducted an inundation trace survey, the flood inundation calculation, and interview surveys of 6 elderly welfare facilities which were damaged by inundation. From the results, the relationships between the evacuation behavior of each facility and the inundation process were analyzed. In addition, we considered the issues of evacuation safety planning in the event of the largest expected flood.


INITIAL RESPONSE AND BUSINESS CONTINUITY IN THE EVENT OF FLOOD DAMAGE AT WATER SUPPLY FACILITY

平成30 年7 月豪雨被災事例からみる水道施設における浸水被害時の初動対応と事業継続についての考察

The heavy rain event of July 2018 caused several severe flood disasters and landslide disasters. Some water supply facilities were damaged and the water supply was interrupted. Since water supply became difficult at water facilities, they received support from other facilities and responded to temporary facilities. We conducted interview surveys on the affected water supply facilities and summarized the way of initial response and the business continuity in the event of inundated damage. In the event of flood damage or landslide damage, the procedure from the initial response to the resumption of recovery was organized, and proactive measures for achieving early recovery were proposed.

平成30年7月豪雨では河川氾濫などにより，水道施設に深刻な浸水被害や土砂災害が発生し，周辺地域が長期に断水するケースがあった．水道事業は被災地域の生活に必要なライフラインであることから，給水車などで応急給水を行うが，本格的な水道施設の復旧は地域の復旧に欠かせないものである．また，地域の企業や医療機関などの復旧や事業継続にも不可欠であることから，水道施設の浸水リスク等への事業継続対応は，早期の復旧・復興を考える上で大きな課題となる．本研究では，豪雨災害で浸水被害等のあった水道施設に対し，初動対応から復旧再開までの対応についてヒアリング調査等を実施し，水道施設の被害からの速やかな水道供給と復旧を実現する上で，事業継続の観点から必要な対応や要素について検討を行った．初動対応時から復旧再開に至るまでの目標復旧時間を明確にした上で，複数の事業継続戦略を用いた対応が必要となる．そのために取り組むべき対応や考え方について提言する．

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. F6 (Safety Problem)

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


FLOOD DAMAGES OF SOCIAL WELFARE FACILITIES ALONG THE OPPE RIVER DUE TO TYPHOON HAGIBIS IN 2019 AND EFFECT OF FACILITY CHARACTERISTICS ON BUSINESS CONTINUITY

令和元年東日本台風による越辺川沿いの社会福祉施設の被災と業務継続に及ぼす施設特性

In Typhoon Hagibis in 2019, a elderly welfare facility and a welfare facility of the mentally handicapped persons suffered severe flood damage by the collapse of an embankment at the 0km point on the Oppe River. Interview surveys were conducted on these social welfare facilities regarding the damage situation, emergency response, and resumption of operations after the disaster. The inundation trace surveys and flood inundation analysis were conducted to deeply understand the actual damage situation. From these results, we focus on the difference between the characteristics of the welfare facilities for the elderly and the disability persons, extract the issues, and consider the points to consider when formulating an evacuation securement plan and a business continuity plan for social welfare facilities.

令和元年東日本台風では越辺川右岸0.0km付近の堤防決壊により，近くの高齢者施設(1法人2施設)や障害者施設(1法人6施設)が甚大な被害を受けた．被災した2法人を対象に，被害状況，避難行動，避難確保計画，被災後の業務再開状況等についてインタビュー調査を行った．また，浸水痕跡調査を実施した上で，破堤に伴う川越市内の氾濫進展状況を数値シミュレーションにより再現し，証言内容の検証を行った．高齢者施設と障害者施設の利用者の身体的特性や，避難方法，避難生活などの情報を施設特性に注目して整理し，施設特性を踏まえた避難確保計画と長期避難を想定した業務継続計画を検討しておくことの重要性について明らかにした．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


DISASTER RESPONSE AND CONTINUED CHILDCARE AT NURSERY SCHOOLS IN UWAJIMA CITY, EHIME PREFECTURE DURING THE HEAVY RAIN EVENT OF JULY 2018

平成30 年7 月豪雨における宇和島市内の保育園の災害対応と保育継続

Due to the heavy rain event of July 2018, several nursery schools in Uwajima City were seriously damaged by river flooding and sediment-related disasters. The disaster affected nursery school continued to use the conference room at the city hall and the nearby nursery school. We conducted an interview survey with nursery school staff regarding emergency response and continuation of childcare in the event of a disaster. Through this survey, issues related to safety management during a heavy rain disaster and continuation of childcare after a disaster were identified.

平成30年7月豪雨において，宇和島市内では中小河川の氾濫や土砂災害により，複数の保育園が深刻な被害を受けた．この災害では出勤途上の職員が危険にさらされた他，被災した保育園では，市役所の会議室，近隣の保育園などを利用して，必要最小限の保育環境を整備した上で，応急保育が実施された．自治体の担当課や保育園職員を対象としたインタビュー調査から，災害発生時の避難行動，被災直後からの業務継続過程で生じた課題(施設の復旧と環境整備，給食，衛生管理，応急教育方法，園児と職員を対象とした心理的ケア，行政との連携など)について整理した．さらに，河川氾濫状況について氾濫シミュレーションを実施し，職員の証言内容についても検証を行った．これらを通して，豪雨災害に対する保育所の業務継続を行う上での課題が明らかとなった．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


DAMAGES AND DISASTER RESPONSE AT NURSERY SCHOOLS IN HIROSHIMA PREFECTURE DUE TO THE HEAVY RAIN EVENT OF JULY 2018

平成30 年7 月豪雨における広島県内の保育所の被害と対応

The nursery schools in Hiroshima prefecture, which were damaged by the heavy rain event of July 2018, rented other facilities to provide emergency childcare. We visited five nurseries, which were damaged by this disaster, and the nursery section of Hiroshima City. We conducted interview surveys on disaster response and childcare continuity. As four nurseries were required reconstruction of facilities or large-scale repairs, they provided distributed childcare using multiple facilities or joint childcare at a other nursery school. It is important to consider a childcare continuation plan on the premise of a disaster at a nursery school that requires early recovery even after a disaster.

平成30 年7 月豪雨において広島県内の保育所では複数の施設で土砂流入や浸水のため，他の施設での応急保育が行われた．この豪雨で浸水等の被害を受け，保育継続に問題が生じた広島市，安芸郡坂町，呉市，三原市の5 つの保育施設と広島市役所を訪問し，豪雨災害時の安全管理や保育再開に向けた取り組みに関した聞き取り調査を行った． 4 保育施設では園舎再建や大規模修復が必要となり，複数の施設を利用した分散保育，他の保育所を利用した合同保育等が行われた．被災時の早期再開と継続が必要とされる保育所では被災を前提とした保育継続計画を検討しておくことの重要性について明らかにした．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


FLOOD DAMAGE AND COTINUED CHILDCARE OF NURSEY SCHOOLS IN NAGANO PREFECTURE DUE TO THE HEAVY RAIN EVENT BY TYPHOON HAGIBIS IN OCTOBER 2019

令和元年東日本台風による長野県内の保育園の被災と業務継続

The Typhoon Hagibis in October 2019 caused flood damage in various places in Nagano prefecture. Four nurseries were flooded in Nagano City and Chikuma City. We interviewed the city staff and nursery school staff about the disaster situation and childcare continuity. Furthermore, we carried out flood inundation analysis of the Chikuma River and analyzed the inundation process. Nursery schools need rules to close before a typhoon arrives. And six types of resources are required for the nursery school to resume services. In this case, ``building'' and ``supporter'' were the key resources.

令和元年東日本台風では長野県内においても各地で浸水被害が発生し，長野市と千曲市では4 保育園が0.6∼2.9mの床上浸水被害を受け，長期にわたって別施設での保育継続を余儀なくされた．長野市及び千曲市の保育担当職員と保育園職員を対象に被災状況や保育継続の方法などについて聞き取り調査を行った．さらに，被災した保育所とその周辺での浸水痕跡調査と千曲川流域を対象とした河川氾濫計算も実施し，各保育所の被害発生状況について分析した．事前休園の判断基準の必要性と，保育再開に必要となる6 種の資源のうち，今回の4 園では「施設・設備」と「協力者・関係業者」が重要であった事を明らかにした．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


DISASTER RESPONSE OF FACILITIES FOR THE ELDERLY IN MIHARA CITY, WHICH WERE INUNDATED BY THE FLOOD OF THE NUTA RIVER

沼田川の氾濫により浸水被害を受けた三原市内の高齢者施設の災害対応

Several elderly facilities in Mihara city, Hiroshima Prefecture were damaged by flooding in the Nuta River basin in the the heavy rain event of July 2018. Interview surveys were conducted with staff members of the disaster-affected facilities on the damage situation, evacuation behavior and business continuity after the disaster. In order to confirm the results of the interview surveys, we conducted inundation trace surveys and numerical simulation of river inundation around these facilities. From this result, the followings were found. It was difficult to cooperate with the evacuees at the facilities that served as temporary evacuation sites. There is an urgent need to build an emergency assembly system for staff, secure collaborators at the time of evacuation, and formulate an evacuation security plan for flood damage. Maintaining employment during suspension of business due to the disaster is important for business continuity.

平成30 年7 月豪雨では広島県の沼田川流域で堤防からの溢水や決壊が生じ，三原市内の複数の高齢者施設で浸水被害が発生した．そこで，被災した3 施設を対象に被害状況，水害発生時の避難行動，被災後の業務再開状況等について聞き取り調査を実施した．また，聞き取り調査から得られた浸水過程や避難行動を確認し，詳細分析を行うため，各施設周辺の浸水痕跡調査及び沼田川流域を対象とした河川氾濫数値解析も実施した．浸水エリア内の微高地に立地する施設では臨時の避難場所の役割を果たしたが，避難者との連携が課題となった．深刻な床上浸水被害を受けた施設では緊急時の職員参集体制，近隣の支援者の確保など，水害を想定した具体的な避難計画の作成が急務であることが明らかとなった．また，災害休業時における雇用対策も事業継続上重要な課題であることがわかった．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


AN ACTUAL CONDITION SURVEY ON THE DECISION TO CLOSE A NURSERY SCHOOL IN THE EVENT OF STORM AND FLOOD DAMAGE

風水害発生時の保育所の休所判断についての実態調査

Most of the nursery schools, which are employment support facilities, are open even when storm and flood damage is predicted. The reason for this is that it is the principle that the nursery school is opening, when a disaster is likely to occur. On the other hand, in recent heavy rain disasters, delay in evacuation exposed children and nursery school staff to dangerous situations in some cases. Therefore, in order to understand the actual situation that a nursery school is opening during a disaster, we conducted a questionnaire survey for the childcare departments of 673 municipalities with a population of 10,000 or more in 24 prefectures. Only 16% of the local governments decide to close the nursery school when the disaster risk increases. In order to improve the degree of disaster safety of nursery schools, it is necessary to form social consensus that the nursery schools may be closed during a disaster.

風水害時における保育所の休所実態を把握するため，2019 年12 月∼2020 年1 月にかけて24 都県の人口1 万人以上の673 基礎自治体保育担当部署を対象に，郵送回収方式にて所掌保育所での休所実施の有無，休所規定の制定状況等についてアンケート調査を行った．対象自治体は近年，風水害被害を受けた都県を中心に抽出し，378 自治体(回収率56%)から回答を得た．風水害時に保育所を休所させる規定があるのは61 自治体(16%)で，この内，2018 年又は2019 年に被災した自治体のうち，13 自治体で規定が設けられていた．しかし，現時点では風水害時の休所規定がある自治体は少数であり，災害危険性が高まった時に保育所の休所判断をできるためには，社会的合意の形成が必要である．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


SURVEY OF DAMAGE AND RESIDENTS' EVACUATION IN SANO CITY, TOCHIGI PREFECTURE IN TYPHOON NO.19 OF 2019

2019年台風第19号における栃木県佐野市の被害と住民避難の実態調査

Prompt and safe evacuation is important to prevent casualties from heavy rain disasters. When heavy rain is predicted, the government is required to encourage residents to take appropriate evacuation ac-tions by transmitting accurate information.In Typhoon No. 19 of 2019, many houses were flooded in Sano City, Tochigi Prefecture, as a result of the breakage of two banks of the Akiyama River in the Tone River system. In this report, we conducted an interview survey of Sano City staff to verify the occurrence of damage, the transmission and communication of evacuation information, and the evacuation of residents. Since a strong typhoon was expected to approach, evacuation centers were opened and evacuation information was disseminated early so that residents could evacuate before it became dark. However, many residents evacuated after heavy rains or after the inundation began. In order to promote quick and safe evacuation behavior of residents, it is important to improve disaster prevention literacy of resi-dents.

本報告では，2019年(令和元年)台風第19号で一級河川利根川水系秋山川の堤防が2箇所で決壊するなどにより，多くの家屋浸水が発生した栃木県佐野市を対象として，佐野市役所に聞き取り調査を行い，豪雨時の被害の発生状況や避難情報の発令，避難の呼びかけ，住民の避難状況などを検証した．佐野市役所では台風の接近を予想し，明るい時間帯に避難を完了させるよう早めに避難所を開設し，避難情報の発信などに取り組んでいた．しかし，住民の多くは強い雨が降り出した後，また，浸水が始まってから避難をしている．このため，迅速で安全な避難行動を促進するには，住民の防災リテラシーを高める取り組みが重要である．

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Series B1 (Hydraulic Engineering)

土木学会論文集B1(水工学)


INVESTIGATION OF MEASURES TO PROMOTE RESIDENTIAL RELOCATION BEFORE A DISASTER IN TSUNAMI INUNDATION AREAS

津波被災想定地域における事前住居移転の推進方策の検討

Residential relocation has not been progressed in the tsunami inundation areas, although it is highly effective in preventing tsunami damage. It will be progressed by financial support. We estimated the possibility of residential relocation by providing financial support from a questionnaire survey on residential relocation. As a result, it was found that the possibility of residential relocation increased in proportion to the financial support. It is very effective to establish sufficient financial support system for residents to progress advance residential relocation.

津波被災が想定されている地域(以下，津波被災想定地域)において，津波対策の効果が高いにもかかわらず進んでいない住居移転は，移転費用の経済的支援等により推進されると考える．そこで，住民の住居移転希望や，移転費用等の経済的支援が住居移転に与える影響等を調査したアンケート結果から，経済的支援による住居移転の可能性を推計した．その結果，経済支援に比例して住居移転の可能性が増加することから，事前住居移転の推進には，住民にとって十分な経済的支援制度を設けることが非常に有効である．

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering)

土木学会論文集B2(海岸工学)


Support System for Dispatching School Counselors in the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake --- Consideration from a View Point of the ICS

2016年熊本地震におけるスクールカウンセラー派遣に対する支援体制 --- ICSの観点からの検討

Since the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, the importance of post-disaster psychological care has been recognized. During the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake, school counselors (SC) were dispatched from all over Japan to care for the minds of children. In this paper, we analyzed the actual situation and issues of the SCs dispatched at the time of the Kumamoto earthquake based on several reports and interviews with those who received support. As a result, it was found that the acceptance system of the dispatched SCs can be classified into five functions of the incident command system (ICS). The block system adopted by SC in Kumamoto City was effective for command integration. On the other hand, some of the dispatched SCs were confused about the support methods. In order to properly provide SC support, it is important to utilize the ICS concept and centralize command so that the instructions of the site manager can be thoroughly provided.


A Study on the Emergency transfer system for Flood Disasters in Elderly Welfare Facilities

高齢者施設における水害時の避難誘導体制に関する一考察

The questionnaire survey was investigated for welfare facilities in the area where major floods occurred in recent years. In addition, the interview was investigated to welfare facilities which got away from a flood with help of other people. One of the problems is welfare facilities can't get help of other people in times of an emergency. We insist that it is important to get the help of other people at the time of moving to a safe place. The welfare facilities should make good relationship with residents, information sharing about the evacuation planning , evacuation drills with the helper


STUDY ON HANDING OF THE DISASTAR RISK IN THE RESIDECE GUIDANCE AREA DESIGNATION OF THE URBAN MASTER PLAN FOR LOCATION OF RESIDENTIAL AND URBAN FUNCTIONS

立地適正化計画の居住誘導区域指定における 災害リスクの取り扱いに関する研究

In the Urban Master Plan for Location of Residential and Urban Functions, the concrete designated standard of the house guidance area is not shown. The judgment materials and standard have a part entrusted to each local government. The area having concern in the disaster prevention is no exception, too, and it is entrusted to the judgment of the local government about the handling of the area having a disaster risk. Object of the study is the local government which appointed a residence guidance area. It arrange a regional handling method having the risk of the disaster in the area designation. And it was aimed for that it clarify the main point to appoint a residence guidance area. As a result of this study, need to determine the handling method of the inundation assumption area by law and a guideline was shown. In addition, in the local government, the need of the handling depending on an inundation area and inundation depth became clear.

立地適正化計画における居住誘導区域には, 具体的な指定基準が示されているわけではなく, その判断材料や基準は各自治体に委ねられている部分がある. それは防災上の懸念を有するエリアも例外ではなく, 災害リスクを有する区域の取り扱いについても自治体により異なる. 本研究では居住誘導区域を指定した自治体を対象として, 区域指定時における災害の危険性を有する区域の取り扱い方法について整理し, 居住誘導区域指定の要点を明らかにすることを目的とした. 本研究の結果, 国の対応としては浸水想定区域の取り扱いについて, 法や指針で定める必要性が示唆された. また自治体の対応としては, 浸水面積や浸水深に応じた取り扱いを検討する必要性が明らかとなった.

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. F6 (Safety Problem)

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


INITIAL RESPONSE AND BUSINESS CONTINUITY IN CASE OF INUNDATION DAMEGE OF MEDICAL INSTITUTION

豪雨被災事例からみる医療機関における浸水被害時の初動対応と事業継続についての考察

In the Kanto and Tohoku heavy rain event in September 2015 and the heavy rain event in July 2018, serious flood damage occurred due to floods, and many medical institutions suffered flood damage. In these medical institutions, the medical service function was stopped, and there were cases in which inpa-tients had to be transferred to another hospital. Countermeasures for flood disasters in medical institu-tions are important issues for medical continuity.We conducted a questionnaire survey on the implementation status of disaster prevention measures for medical institutions in Tokushima prefecture. From the survey results, it was found that measures such as evacuation training and BCP formulation for inundation disasters were not advanced. We con-ducted interview surveys on the response from the initial response to the resumption of medical treat-ment for hospitals that were flooded and damaged by heavy rain. From this result, we considered measures and ideas to be tackled in order to realize an early recovery from flood damage.

平成27年9月関東・東北豪雨及び平成30年7月豪雨では，河川の氾濫や堤防の決壊などにより深刻な浸水被害が発生し，地域の医療機関も被災する事態となった．被災した病院では診療機能が制限され，入院患者を他の病院に転院させざるを得ないケースがあった．被災地域の復旧・復興のためには，住民が安心して暮らすために地域医療の早期再開が望まれるが，被災病院によっては診療再開に長期を要することがあり，医療機関の浸水リスクへの対応は地域医療の継続を考える上での課題となっている． 本研究では，徳島県内の医療機関を対象として，自然災害への防災対策の実施状況についてアンケート調査を行った．調査結果から浸水災害を対象とした避難訓練やBCP策定などの対策が進んでいないことがわかった．豪雨災害で浸水被害のあった病院に対し，初動対応から事業再開の対応についてヒアリング調査を行った．これらの結果から，浸水被害を受けた際の早期復旧を実現するために取り組むべき対策や考え方について考察した．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


EXAMINATION ABOUT MANAGEMENT OF DISASTER VOLUNTEER CENTER IN WEST JAPAN HEAVY RAIN DISASTER

西日本豪雨災害における災害ボランティア センターの運営に関する検討

In this study, the operation situation of the Seiyo disaster relief volunteer center (Seiyo VC) was inves-tigated in Nomura Town, Seiyo City, which was flooded by heavy rain in July 2018. We conducted an in-terview survey on the management of VC for staff of Seiyo City Council of Social Welfare. From this survey, we examined the characteristics of the operation method of VC and the problems in operation. It was found that the VC administration for three months worked well because the staff of the social welfare council and others did not lose the view point of the community welfare practiced as daily work and the cooperation of the external support group.

本研究では2018年7月豪雨で浸水被害を受けた西予市野村町に設置された西予市災害救援ボランティアセンター(VC)の運営状況を明らかにした．西予市社会福祉協議会などの職員を対象にVCの運営に関するインタビュー調査を実施した．この調査により，西予VCの運営方法の特徴や運営上の課題について考察した．社会福祉協議会などの職員が日常業務として実践している地域福祉の視点を失わなかったことと外部支援団体の協力があったことで3カ月間のVC運営がうまくいったことがわかった．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


津波防災としての災害危険区域を指定する意義と課題の考察

津波防災としての災害危険区域を指定する意義と課題の考察

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


ISSUES ON LABOR ACCIDENT COMPENSATION IN EMERGENCY CONSTRUCTION WORK BASED ON DISASTER AGREEMENTS

災害協定に基づく緊急出動業務時の 労務災害補償等のあり方

The authors collected agreement documents (hereinafter, disaster agreement) on emergency work at the time of disaster that 47 prefectures and each construction industry association concluded, and analyzed the state of description of the disaster compensation egulations. As a result, there were 32 agreements with descriptions of provisions of damage compensation, including labor accidents, 4 agreements with descriptions of provisions of damage compensation to third parties and equipment etc., and 11 agreements without such descriptions. In other words, it was found that the disaster agreements concluded by many local governments and the Japan Construction Industry Association did not unify the handling of damage compensation for an accident etc., that occurred during an emergency relief operation at the time of a disaster.In addition, the authors conducted interview surveys with officials of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism, Shikoku Regional Development Bureau, the National General Contractors Association of Japan, and the General Contractors Association of Tokushima in order to understand labor compensation in a disaster emergency situation in detail. The following two points became clear as a resultof hearing investigation. (1) The Tokyo Metropolitan Government recognizes specific issues concerning compensation amount, and (2) MLIT is making preparations to newly reflect workers' compensation premiums on the budget for ordering emergency relief operations.Based on the above results, this paper presents the ideal way of compensation for labor and disastersat the time of disaster emergency relief operation.

47 都道府県と各建設業協会とが締結している災害時における応急業務に係る協定文書(災害協定)を収集し，災害補償規定の記載状況について分析した．労務災害を含む損害補償に関する規定の記述がある協定は32 件，第三者や機材等への損害補償に関する規定の記述がある協定は4 件，損害補償に関する規定の記述がない協定は11 件であった．このように多くの地方自治体と建設業協会が締結している災害協定で，災害時の緊急出動の際に発生した事故等に対する損害補償に係る対応は統一されていないことが分かった．また，災害緊急出動時における労務災害補償について詳しく把握するため，国土交通省四国地方整備局，全国建設業協会，徳島県建設業協会の関係者にヒアリング調査を行った．その結果，東京都では具体的な補償金額に関する課題が認識されていること，国土交通省では緊急出動業務の発注予算額に労災保険料を新しく反映するための準備が進んでいることなどが明らかになった．これらの結果を踏まえ，災害緊急出動時の労務災害補償のあり方について提示する．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


Evacuation Behavior of Facilities for the Elderly in the Heavy Rain of July 2018

The heavy rain disaster in July 2018 caused significant damages such as leaks and inundation above floor level at many facilities for the elderly. In the present study, we surveyed facilities for the elderly near Oda River, Okayama Prefecture, and those near Hiji River,Ehime Prefecture, to study the necessity of a facilityspecific criterion to start evacuation on the basis of the characteristics of the facilities used by people who need care. The results of the survey indicated that evaluation information released by the local government might not ensure sufficient evacuation time. Anexample of a criterion to start evacuation based on the water level of a nearby river or the amount of dam discharge was shown as one of the ways that each facility voluntarily makes decisions on fast evacuation.


FLOOD OF THE HIJI RIVER DUE TO THE HEAVY RAIN EVENT OF JULY 2018 AND THE ANALYSIS OF EVACUATION BEHAVIOR AT NURSERIES

平成30年7月豪雨による肱川の氾濫と保育所での避難行動分析

In the heavy rain event of July 2018, emergency large release due to the emergency flood disaster prevention operation of Nomura Dam and Kanogawa Dam causes river flooding due to rapid water level rise in Seiyo City and Ozu City downstream of the dam. Five nurseries along the Hiji River were damaged by flooding on the floor. We examined the safety management of the nursery at the time of the occurrence of the flood by the interview with the local government staff and the nursery school manager and the river basin analysis. Staff members who worked early in the morning to accept children were saved by emergency evacuation immediately before the start of flooding, but problems emerged in terms of staff safety management.


ISSUES ON CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND CONTINUITY OF DAY-CARE CENTERS IN THE 2017 KYUSHU NORTHERN HEAVY RAIN

2017年九州北部豪雨における保育所の危機管理と保育継続の問題

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


ISSUES ON SCHOOL SAFETY MANAGEMENT AT THE TIME OF FRONTAL CON CENTRATED HEAVY RAINFALL --- CASE ANALYSIS OF NORTHERN KYUSHU HEAVY RAIN IN 2017

前線性集中豪雨発生時における学校の安全管理の課題 --- 2017年九州北部豪雨の事例分析

It was difficult to get home from the school because heavy rain fell in the afternoon at the 2017 northern Kyushu heavy rain. In recent years, damage caused by abnormal rainfall exceeding assumed is frequent, and safety measures for flood damage are important issues for educational institutions. In this research, we conducted hearing surveys on emergency response of elementary and junior high schools in Asakura city, Fukuoka prefecture and Hita city, Oita prefecture. From the survey results, we extracted problems on safety management for children and students at heavy rainfall. Furthermore, by examining the result of the flood analysis around the school, we examined in detail whether there was no problem in safety management. It is easy to think that it is better to let children and students go home promptly in the event of a disaster. As a result, students and guardians also faced a danger when coming home due to insufficient safety confirmation on the way back home. In order to secure safety during heavy rain, it is necessary to revise to assume that school is to wait until it becomes safe.

前線性集中豪雨ではしばしば線状降水帯が形成され，短時間に洪水氾濫が発生するケースがある．2017年九州北部豪雨では豪雨発生時と下校時間が重なり，複数の学校で下校時の安全確保が問題となった．近年，想定を超える異常降水による被害が頻発しており，水害時の安全確保対策は教育機関でも重要な課題である．本研究では2017年九州北部豪雨で被害を受けた福岡県朝倉市と大分県日田市の小中学校を対象にして，浸水被害発生時の緊急対応についてヒアリング調査を実施し，児童・生徒に対する安全管理についての課題抽出を行った．さらに，学校周辺での洪水氾濫解析結果と照合することで，安全管理上の問題はなかったのかについて詳しく検討した．学校での安全管理は下校させることが前提となっているために，下校路の安全確認が不十分となり，生徒や保護者が危険にさらされるケースが発生していた．これを改善するためには下校を前提とした安全管理方法を改める必要がある．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


Survey on the actual conditions of welfare evacuation shelters in the Kumamoto earthquake

熊本地震における福祉避難所の実態調査

We investigated the management situation of the welfare evacuation shelters in the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake and analyzed the problems on the management of the welfare evacuation shelter. We investigated how the number of supporters for evacuees and evacuees changed for two special nursing homes in Mashiki town, Kumamoto prefecture, where welfare evacuation shelters were opened, by interview and questionnaire. During the week after the earthquake occurred, both social welfare facilities experienced great confusion. The reason was that few staff were able to go to work due to the disaster and accepted many general evacuees. In order to avoid such confusion, it is necessary to limit the acceptance of general refugees and add procedures for opening welfare evacuation shelters in BCP.

この研究では2016年熊本地震における福祉避難所の運営状況について調査し，福祉避難所の運営上の課題について分析した．福祉避難所を開設した熊本県益城町の2つの特別養護老人ホームを対象に，避難者及び避難者に対する支援者の数がどのように変化したかを，聞き取りと質問票によって調査した．地震発生から1週間の間，両社会福祉施設では大きな混乱が生じた．その要因は被災によって出勤できる職員が少なかったことと多くの一般避難者を受け入れたことであった．このような混乱を避けるためには，一般避難者の受け入れの制限やBCPの中に福祉避難所の開設手順を加えることが必要である．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


SAFETY MANAGEMENT AND LABOR ACCIDENT COMPENSATION IN THE URGENT RESTORATION CONSTRUCTION OF THE LARGE-SCALE DISASTER

大規模災害時の緊急復旧工事における安全管理と労務災害補償

It is difficult to secure a safety management system in emergency restoration work at large-scale disas-ters. It is reported that 13 people in 59% of all industries in Kumamoto Prefecture died in 2017 during the construction work related to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. In this research, paying attention to labor accident compensation in emergency restoration work, we examined the way of proper labor compensa-tion system. We analyzed the contents of labor accident compensation described in disaster agreement concluded between prefecture etc. and construction industry association. We also conducted an interview survey on the Kumamoto Prefecture Construction Association concerning labor accidents and compensation in the restoration work of the Kumamoto earthquake. In most municipalities' disaster agreement there is no statement on compensation, labor accident compensation is left to the construction company. Meanwhile, in Kumamoto Prefecture, the Construction Industry Association has introduced its own insurance system and has achieved certain results. Based on these results, we propose ways to optimize labor accident compensation for restoration work due to emergency dispatch.

大規模災害時の緊急復旧工事において安全管理体制の確保は困難である．熊本県では2017年に全産業中59%にあたる13名が2016年熊本地震に関連する建設作業中に亡くなったと報告されている．本研究では，緊急復旧工事における労務災害補償に着目し，適正な労務補償制度のあり方について検討した． 都道府県等と建設業協会の間で締結されている災害協定に記載されている労務災害補償の内容について分析した．また，熊本県建設業協会にて熊本地震の復旧工事での労務災害と補償について聞き取り調査を行った． ほとんどの自治体の災害協定では補償に関する記述は見られず，労務災害補償は建設企業に一任されている．一方，熊本県では建設業協会が独自の保険制度を導入しており，一定の成果を収めている．これらの結果を踏まえ，緊急出動による復旧工事に対する労働災害補償を適正化する方法について提言する．

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. F6 (Safety Problem)

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


CURRENT STATUS AND PROBLEMS OF BUSINESS CONTINUITY OF MEDICAL INSTITUTION IN THE 2016 KUMAMOTO EARTHQUAKES

平成28年熊本地震における医療機関の事業継続の実態と課題

In the Kumamoto earthquake, several medical institutions were damaged, they became difficult to continue medical treatment, and they were necessary to transfer the inpatient to another medical institutions. We conducted interview surveys of the staff of the affected medical institution and clarified the current status and problems of business continuity at medical institutions in Kumamoto prefecture.In business continuity plan of a medical institution, it is necessary to consider hardware measures, software measures, skill measures, business continuity strategies and support systems. Regional alliances are required to push forward these measures.

大規模災害発生時には，医療機関では通常の入院診療等に加えて，災害医療への対応も求められることとなる．災害時の限られた資源でも事業を継続する必要があることから，事業継続計画(BCP)への取り組みが求められてきている．本研究では，平成28年熊本地震の被災事例から医療機関BCPに必要な要素と課題を抽出する．平成28年熊本地震では前震，本震の2度の大きな揺れと断続的に続く余震により，多くの病院で深刻な被害が生じ，入院患者を他の病院に転院させざるを得ない医療機関もあった．被災した医療機関に対し，初動対応から事業継続への取り組みについてヒアリング調査を実施し，BCPを検討する上で必要となる被災事例の情報収集を行い，医療機関のBCPを検討する上で必要な考え方や要素について考察を行った．その結果，医療機関のBCPには，トリアージ等の初動対応の検討だけでなく，ハード，ソフト，スキルの事前対策，事後対応として病院避難を含めた代替戦略や受援体制を検討しておく重要性を示した．そして，それらを補い，機能させるための平常時からの地域連携の必要性を指摘した．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


IMPROVEMENT OF MUNICIPAL BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLAN USING SELF-CHECK SHEETS AND FUTURE ISSUES

自己チェックシートによる自治体BCPの改善と今後の課題

The state of formulation of municipal business continuity plan is improving according to government guidelines. However, training and review based on business continuity plan are not sufficient. We created self-check sheets for municipal officials to check their own business continuity plans,extract issues,and it easy to review. Begining in 2015,municipality business continuity plan workshop utilizing this self-check sheet is held for municipalities in Tokushima prefecture.From the experience of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes, it is pointed out the need to clarify the both systems for support and for receiving support in the business continuity plan. Therefore,we present a framework of a new self-check sheet considering both systems, and discuss future issues.

「市町村のための業務継続計画作成ガイド」の公表を受け，市町村のBCP策定率は確実に向上しているが，BCPに基づく訓練やBCPの見直しは十分でない．著者らは，自治体のBCP担当者が自らのBCPを点検して課題抽出を行い，見直しを容易にできるためのBCPチェックシートを作成した．これは上記ガイドを参考に，業務継続に必須である6要素と，BCPの策定・運用体制とBCPの継続的改善の2つを加えた8要素について短時間で点検できるように工夫している．平成27年度から徳島県内市町村のBCP担当者を対象に，地域別のBCP研修会を実施している．チェックシートを活用して自らのBCPの点検を行った上で，BCPの概要と点検結果について他の自治体担当者に説明し，地域内の自治体間で相互にBCPの内容に意見交換した．熊本地震の反省からBCPに応援・受援体制を明記する必要性が指摘されており，自治体間でBCPを相互理解することは応援・受援体制構築の基本である．そこで，応援・受援体制を考慮した新たなチェックシートの枠組みについても提示する．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


IMPROVEMENT OF BCP AT A CONSTRUCTION COMPANY USING VISUALIZATION OF INFORMATION BY GIS

GISによる「見える化」を活かした建設会社のBCP改革

We reviewed the BCP significantly because the formulated BCP was not effective at the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake. At first, we changed the formulation system of BCP from top down to bottom up, and shared knowledge of the BCP through desk exercises. Next, we made it possible to visualize various information such as data of customer and employee and hazard information such as tsunami et al. using GIS. We created a system that utilizes it as a tool for providing information to customers in the normal situation and uses it for checking the damage situation of customers in the event of a disaster. We developed a dedicated application for using GIS using mobile tablet when going out. As a result, we were able to improve both the level of sales activities in normal times and the emergency response behavior in the event of a disaster.

東日本大震災時にBCPが十分機能しなかった点を踏まえ，BCPの全社員への浸透を図るために，GISを活用したBCPの「見える化」を図った取組の有効性について提示する． まずBCPの策定体制をトップダウンからボトムアップに変更し，机上演習を通して意識の共有を図った．その上で顧客や社員の情報，社屋，関連会社等の情報，津波等のハザード情報など平時と災害時の両方で必要な情報をGIS上で「見える化」を行った．平時には顧客への情報提供に活用でき，災害時には顧客の被災状況点検に活用できる体制を整えた．外出先で利用できるように携帯タブレットでもGISが活用できるための専用アプリを開発し，これを用いた訓練等も行った．これらの結果は各部署の緊急対応マニュアルの改定に活かされた他，平時の点検作業の効率の改善，災害時の対応手順の理解が進んでいる．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


Appropriate decision method of evacuation start in elderly welfare facilities for flood disasters

高齢者施設における洪水時の「避難開始の判断」の重要性と判断の目安の設定方法

According to the case of four elderly welfare facilities damaged by the flood, they were able to evacuate their users quickly because they had obtained evacuation information from the administration and set evacuation criteria in advance. According to a questionnaire survey on the evacuation at the time of flood targeting elderly welfare facilities in Shikoku, few facilities have set evacuation criteria. For the elderly welfare facilities damaged by the Kanto-Tohoku heavy rain disaster in 2015, we propose a method to use the calculated depth of inundation at the upstream side as evacuation criteria.

洪水被害を受けた4つの高齢者福祉施設の事例を分析した結果，利用者を迅速に避難させることができたのは行政からの避難情報を得たことに加えて，各施設があらかじめ避難開始の基準を設定していたことが重要であった．四国にある高齢者福祉施設を対象にした洪水時の避難に関するアンケート調査によると自らで避難基準を決めている施設は少ない． 2015年関東・東北豪雨で被災した高齢者福祉施設を対象にして，上流側の地点の浸水深さ計算値を避難基準として利用する方法について提案する

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


2016年熊本地震における地元建設企業の災害対応に関するインタビュー調査

2016年熊本地震における地元建設企業の災害対応に関するインタビュー調査

About the disaster response of the local construction company in the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, we conducted a hearing survey for Kumamoto Prefecture Construction Association and senior executives. As a result, there was no problem regarding the cooperation between the organizations, but the requests for dispatch from local governments was delayed due to reasons such as the fact that the affairs of local government officials had not been handed over at the beginning of the new fiscal year. And the disaster information sharing system did not work due to interrupt communication line. In this research, especially focusing on sharing of disaster information, the way of command order and labor accidents, we examined an effective cooperation system between municipalities and local construction companies in disaster restoration.

2016年熊本地震における地元建設企業の災害対応について，熊本県建設業協会と協会幹部企業を対象にインタビュー調査を行った．その結果，組織間の連携構築に関して問題はなかったが，新年度初頭で自治体職員の事務引継ぎが終わっていなかったなどの理由で，自治体からの出動要請が遅れたことや広域的な通信網の途絶により，災害時情報共有システムが機能しなかったなどの問題が生じた． 本研究では，特に災害情報の伝達・共有，指揮命令のあり方，災害復旧時の労務災害に着目し，災害復旧の際の自治体と地元建設企業との効果的な協力体制を構築するための課題の抽出を行った．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


The way of support system to make more use of disaster supporters --- Effective acceptance of dispatched school counselors at public schools

災害支援者をより活用するための受援体制のあり方 --- 公立学校の派遣スクールカウンセラーの受け入れ方法の提案

Nankai Earthquake and Preventive Efforts

21世紀の南海地震と防災


Development of emergency evacuation activity resources to breidge disaster managing manuals and subject-based study at school --- English language class and arts and crafts class

学校における防災マニュアルと避難行動を結び付けた教科教育教材の開発 --- 英語活動と図画工作を事例に

The Japanese Journal of Safety Education


PREDICTION OF TIDE WITH A SIMPLE TIDE GAUGE FOR REDUCTION FOR STORM SURGE ON THE DISASTER AREA BY THE CYCLONE NARGIS IN MYANMAR

ミャンマー高潮被災地域における簡易潮位計の設置と潮位予測の試み

The Ayerwaddy Region of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, facing the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea, was hit by Cyclone Nargis in May 2008. The cyclone caused a huge storm surge and brought about 140,000 death or missing. The Project on Establishment of End-to-End Early Warning System for Natural Disaster in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar has been conducted by Japan International Cooperation Agency(JICA) to mitigate such dis-aster which would be caused by a cyclone at the coastal area of Myanmar. The authors participated in this Project and found it is important to transfer technology to observe and predict tide level more precisely using a harmonic analysis in the coastal area so that residents can take proper evacuation actions well before a storm surge hits. The authors therefore introduced a simple observation and prediction method of tide level with the survey ribbon rod and installed at 3 places which suffered the damage caused by Cyclones. Furthermore, the author established the tide prediction method not only with the 10 constituents by short term observation ,but also with multiple regression analysis which can be used in both of dry season and rainy sea-son.

ミャンマーのエーヤワディ地域は，2008年のサイクロン・ナルギスにより，約14万人の犠牲者を出した．これを受け沿岸部の高潮被害を軽減するため，独)国際協力機構によるミャンマー自然災害早期警報システム構築プロジェクトが実施された．このプロジェクトの一つとして，パテイン川河口部に衛星を利用したリアルタイム潮位観測システムを導入し，別途実施されている高潮予測システムとを併せて精度の高い高潮予測を可能としている．しかしながら，広範囲に入り組んだデルタ地帯の沿岸各地での高潮警報を住民に伝えるためには，更なる潮位計の設置により水位の変動を把握することが必要である．そのため筆者らは安価な簡易潮位計を設置し，短期間観測での調和分析に加え，観測潮位と月別降水量等との相関が高いことを検証することにより，乾季と雨季の水位変動を考慮した潮位推算を可能とした．

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B3 (Ocean Engineering)

土木学会論文集B3(海洋開発)


Disaster prevention and preparation by schools for Special Needs Education in Kagawa

香川県内における特別支援学校の防災対策の現状調査

To mitigate damages of Nankai trough earthquakes, disaster prevention and preparation are necessary in several approaches. In 2011 Tohoku earthquakes, many schools were damaged and the teachers suf-fered in serious situations. After this. Ministry of Education, culture, sports, science and technology, Ja-pan published a manual for planning about disaster prevention and preparation at each school. For disas-ter prevention and preparation in schools for special needs education, first of all, we should know what are the current preparations in the schools and what kind of situation they will face during the earthquakes. In this study, acivities of schools for Special Needs Education are discussed in Kagawa based on the ex-periences in Ishinomaki during 2011 Tohoku earthquakes.

南海トラフ巨大地震での被害を最小限に抑えるために，様々なアプローチから防災対策を講じる必要がある．教育現場においては，各学校で，文部科学省の手引書に沿って防災対策に取り組んでいるところである．東日本大震災で障害者の死亡率が高かったことを考慮すると，学校防災の中でも，特に，特別支援学校に着目した取り組みが必要であり，防災対策の現状を知り，今後必要な備えについて検討することは喫緊の課題である．そこで本研究では，まず，東日本大震災で指定避難所の役割を果たした宮城県立石巻支援学校での取り組みを分析し，必要な備えを項目として挙げる．次に，香川県内の特別支援学校全9 校を対象として，これらの項目について取り組み状況を調査し，現状を把握すると共に，今後，取り組むべき対策とその方法について検討し提案する．

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. F6 (Safety Problem)

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


DESIGNATION OF DANGEROUS AREAS DUE TO DIFFERENT FLOOD FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE AND PROVISION OF INFORMATION TO THE RESIDENTS

発生頻度の異なる洪水による段階的な危険区域の設定と住民への情報提供

In order to produce no victim even when the flood that exceeds the target of river improvement, it is important that the residents to evacuate quickly and safely. Flood disasters were analyzed using numerical simulations for three different floods. From the calculated inundation depth and the flow rate, we presented the required area of evacuation and the high probability of houses completely destroyed area, and suggested for the desired evacuation procedure.

全国でこれまでに経験したことがないような大雨による洪水で甚大な被害が発生している．従来の河川整備の規模を超える洪水から命を守り，壊滅的な被害を防ぐには住民自らが水害リスクを理解し，迅速で安全な避難行動を促進する対策の充実が不可欠である．本研究では発生頻度の異なる洪水を想定して氾濫解析を行い，浸水範囲や浸水深，浸水の広がり，家屋倒壊危険区域等を検討し，住民の避難行動を促進するため，地域を細分化した避難区域の設定や判断基準などを提案する．また，住民の水害リスクに対する意識を高め迅速で安全な避難行動を促進するため，防災意識の啓発や情報を周知方法について検討を行う．行政が住民との学習会や避難訓練等を通してリスクコミュニケーションを重ねることが地域の防災力向上に寄与することを示す．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


CONSTRUCTION OF REGIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE SYSTEM THAT USES THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY BCP AND A TIMELINE

建設業 BCP とタイムラインを活用した地域災害対応体制の構築

At the time of disaster, the construction campany is quickly it is necessary to correspond.It is necessary to utilize the construction industry BCP and a Timeline to accommodate natural disaster risks diversification of region In this paper,we tried to start a cooperation project with four construction campanies to construction of regional disaster response system that uses the construction industry BCP and a Timeline in Naka,Tokushima Pref. As a result,regional disaster response system for the typhoon was constructed by the cooperation of four construction companies by using the construction industry BCP and a Timeline.

災害時において，地域の建設会社は緊急輸送道路の早期確保や被災地域の応急復旧活動など，発災当初から最前線で活動することが期待されている．平成21 年度からは関東地方整備局で建設会社が備える基礎的な事業継続力を評価するため，「建設会社における事業継続力認定制度」が開始され，この取り組み(建設業BCP 認定制度)は地方整備局及び自治体で広がりをみせており，今後発生が予想される南海トラフ巨大地震等の大規模災害に備えた建設会社における対応体制の構築や対応力の強化が社会的にも求められている．しかし，地域の建設会社が多様化する自然災害リスクに対応するためには，この建設業BCP の取り組みに加えて，地域特有のリスクへの対応をする必要がある．本研究では，台風被害が多く発生している徳島県那賀郡那賀町の建設会社を対象に，建設業BCP をベースにして，タイムラインの考え方を活用する災害対応体制構築の実践を行い，検証を行ったものである．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


CENTER IN JOSO CITY BY 2015 SEPTEMBER HEAVY RAINFALL DISASTER IN KANTO AND TOHOKU AREA

2015年関東・東北豪雨による常総市内での学校・保育所等の浸水被害と再開までの取組み

The risk management in the heavy rain disaster which occurs frequently in recent years becomes the urgent problem. Flood damage has occurred in Joso city, Ibaraki Prefecture by 2015 September heavy rainfall disaster in Kanto and Tohoku area. Emergency restoration for business continuity were performed at the school or the day-care center which received a flood damage. We were conducted the interview survey for staff of the school or the day-care centers affected by a heavy rain disaster about the disaster situation and the response of post-disaster. It's follows that it became clear. Teaching staff that gatherd urgently while evacuation directive was announced had to take refuge after school began to be flooded. There was cooperation for volunteers with the technical ability, so early school resumption became possible.

2015年関東・東北豪雨では常総市域の約半分が水没し，市役所などの主要な防災拠点や指定避難所となっている小中学校も浸水した．学校・保育所の管轄課や浸水被害を受けた学校園で避難行動と教育や保育の再開までの取り組みについて，インタビュー調査を通して浸水前の対処行動，浸水開始後の避難行動，避難所の運営支援，安否確認，学校再開までのプロセスなどについて検討した．避難指示が発令されている中，教職員は危険を冒して学校に参集して対応に当たったが，直後に浸水が始まり，避難を余儀なくされたことや専門的能力を有するボランティアの協力が早期の学校再開に有効であったこと等が明らかとなった．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


STUDY TO UNDERSTAND THE CONDITIONOF SUPERSTRUCTURE OF A DISASTER STRICKEN PIER BY USING AN ELECTROMAGNETIC RADER

被災した桟橋上部工の電磁波レーダを用いた状態把握に関する研究

It is important to promptly understand the condition of a facility in a port stricken by a major earthquake, etc. for the purpose of attempting quick transport of emergency goods and recovery of port functions. In this study, we focused on the concrete super-structure of a pier to review applicability of a method of investigation and analysis using an electromagnetic radar, as an alterna-tive to direct visual inspection by an inspector, a diver, etc. from the vessel as a traditional method. The existing superstructure of a pier was tested by using a 3D electromagnetic radar to compare the condition of the actual structure with response from the radar data. As a result of test and analysis, results that indicate the possibility to estimate the ap-proximate condition around reinforced steel on the bottom of a slab were obtained. We also reviewed advantages to utilize this method in the field site of facility management

大規模な地震等に見舞われた港湾において速やかに施設の状態を把握することは，迅速な緊急物資輸送及び港湾機能の回復を図るうえで重要である．本研究では，桟橋上部工コンクリートに着目し，従来より行われてきた下面から船舶または潜水士等による直接目視に代替する手法として，電磁波レーダを用いた調査・解析による手法の適用可能性について検討を行った．3D電磁波レーダを用いて既存の桟橋上部工の試験調査を行い，レーダデータの反応と実際の構造物の状態を比較した．試験調査及び解析の結果，床版(スラブ)の下部鉄筋付近の状態についてもおおよその状態を推定することが可能であると考えられる結果が得られた．また，本手法を施設管理の現場において活用することの利点を考察した．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


CONDUCT SURVEY ABOUT EVACUATION CENTER FOR VULNERABLE PEOPLE IN SHIKOKU AREA

四国4県における福祉避難所の運営に関する実態調査

It is expected that the Shikoku erea district will suffer big damage by a massive earthquake in Nankai Trough in the near future. The evacuation centers for vulnerable people should be strengthened. The purpose of this research is to promote maintenance in the evacuation centers a senior citizen and a person with disabilities can use surely. It was questioned about targeted for 263 evacuation centers for vulnerable people of in four prefectures of Shikoku. It became clear that there are its result and a possibility that evacuation centers for vulnerable people can't be established. This paper is proposed about a support system and administrative support.

四国地方は，南海トラフ巨大地震で大きな被害を受けることが予想されており，避難所の機能強化が求められている．本研究では，要援護者が安心して利用できる福祉避難所の整備を推進していくために，四国4県の福祉避難所に該当する263施設を対象に，取り組み状況に関するアンケート調査を行った．その結果，マニュアル整備や訓練を実施している施設は少なく，大規模災害が発生した場合，多くの福祉避難所が開設できない恐れがあることが判明した．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


VERIFICATION OF EVACUATION PRCOSESS AND BOTTLENECKS OF EVACUATION BEHABIOR DURING FLOOD INUNDATION IN NAKA TOWN

徳島県那賀町和食地区における洪水氾濫時の住民の避難行動とボトルネックの抽出

Appropriate and timely evacuation actions are important to avoid becoming victims of flood. In order to help people from flood areas to take evacuation actions, we carried out inundation analyses under the rainfall conditions induced by Typhoon No.11 both in 2014 and in 2015 and interviewed to residents in Naka town who suffered from the flood. It is shown that the bottlenecks of evacuation behavior are influenced by past flood experiences and insufficient understanding of flood risks. In order to make proper and timely evacuation, it is effective to share the knowledge with experts, evacuation drills and to show the risk of not evacuating.

洪水災害で犠牲にならないために早期の積極的かつ適切な避難行動が求められるが，実際に避難行動をする住民は多くない．地形や環境条件によって被害の様相が異なる洪水災害には地域差があり，適切な避難行動を促進する方策を一般論で語ることは難しい．本研究では徳島県那賀町和食地区を対象とし，洪水氾濫解析及び住民への聞き取り調査を実施した．2014年台風11号及び2015年台風11号における浸水の様相と住民の避難行動を検証した．住民避難を妨げる要因には，浸水経験による慣れ，不十分なリスク理解，正常性バイアスの作用などがあることを示した．これを防ぐためには専門家と知識を共有するための防災研修や避難訓練を通して，避難しないことのリスクについての理解を図ることが重要である．

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Series B1 (Hydraulic Engineering)

土木学会論文集B1(水工学)


AN ANALYSIS ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS' PERCEPTION OF DISASTER EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN

地方自治体職員の災害時応急業務の認識に関する分析

The role of local government officials in emergency period after disaster occurred are exceedingly important. It is necessary for effect responses to prepare the emergency operations plan before disaster occurred. This study examines perceptions of local government officials related to business continuity plan. The research area is Naruto City in Tokushima Prefecture. The results shows that local government officials recognized importance of resources related to life in emergency period and living materials for the support service. Another results indicate that perceptions of emergency response issues and important operation contents are mostly related, on the other hand a little part are not found relevant.

本研究では，地方自治体職員の災害発生後の問題と事前からの計画策定の必要性に関する認識とそれらの関連性を把握すること，そこから自然災害に関する対応計画を作成する際の防災担当部署以外の職員との協力体制のあり方を検討することを目的とする．調査対象地域は徳島県鳴門市である．分析においては，「災害発生後の応急期に被災地域に生じる問題」，「事前から計画を策定しておくべき災害対応の重要業務」に関するそれぞれの認識とそれらの関係性について検討した．分析結果より，自治体職員の災害対応業務に関する認識の傾向を明らかにするとともに，それらを踏まえた災害対応計画を策定する上での課題について考察した．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


NECESSITY OF A TIME LINE OF FLOOD DISASTER IN SOCIAL WELFARE FACILITY

要配慮者利用施設の初動対応・事業継続におけるタイムラインの必要性

This research was tried setting a time lime of flood disaster in social welfare facility. Investigation methods are an interview to 5 welfare facilities and analysis of data of the water level. 3 cases of readiness time was longer than evacuation time was safer. The time line indicated a country and a prefecture can't be applied to a social welfare facility, Because the target is a resident. The social welfare facility should have the original standard of evacuation behavior.

本研究は，過去に被災した施設の事例から，要配慮者利用施設のタイムラインの設定を試みた．調査方法は，近年の豪雨で被災した5施設を対象に聞き取りを行うと共に，水位計データ等から浸水状況を明らかにした．避難行動と浸水状況を整理し「いつ」に注目して課題検証した．2014年台風11号による那賀川の氾濫で浸水した特養S荘を対象に上流部の川口ダム放流量と水位計データからS荘付近の水位変化の相関関係を分析結果，ダムの放流情報が行動開始の目安になることが分かった．また，S荘と支援機の関係を整理し，事業継続におけるタイムラインの共有化の必要性を示した．

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. F6 (Safety Problem)

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


SOPHISTICATION OF TSUNAMI EVACUATION BEHAVIOR IN KINDERGARTEN BY TRAINING METHOD USING THE DISASTER ACTION CARD

災害時アクションカードを用いた訓練手法による幼稚園での津波避難行動の高度化

In the Great East Japan Earthquake, many schools were damaged by earthquake and tsunami, and a number of students and teachers died. We extracted important problems from many cases of kindergartens damaged by this disaster. To cope with these problems, we examined the sophistication of tsunami evacuation behavior in kindergarten by training method using the disaster action card. In kindergarten, We set the mission in an evacuation behavior, we have created the disaster action card that is based on the mission. We conducted evacuation drills using the disaster action card and evaluation meetings just after the drills. We improved the disaster action card by the review of the drill. We realized the continuous improvement of tsunami evacuation drills in such a PDCA cycle.

東日本大震災では，多くの学校等が地震や津波の被害に遭い，多くの学生等が犠牲となった．中でも，幼稚園児は自主的に避難行動を起こすなどの判断が難しく，職員による支援が必要であるが，抜本的な対策が進んでいない現状にある． 本研究では，東日本大震災での幼稚園の被災事例から課題を抽出し，これらの課題に対応するため，災害時アクションカードを活用した訓練手法による幼稚園での津波避難行動の高度化を検討した．具体的には，ミッションを明確にし，具体的な対応手順を検討し，災害時アクションカードを作成する．それを訓練で使用し，課題や改善点を抽出する．抽出された課題や改善点を次回訓練までに修正し，反映するという，訓練を中心としたPDCAサイクルを南海トラフ地震での津波被害が想定されている松茂町立K幼稚園で実践し，訓練手法の検証を行った． この取り組みにより，津波避難行動の高度化が図られたとともに，職員の防災意識の向上，園児の初動行動への対応が向上するなど，一定の成果を挙げている．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


DEVELOPMENT OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN TO PROMOTE RAPID AND SAFE EVACUATION BEHAVIER OF RESIDENTS

迅速で安全な住民避難行動を促進する「防災行動計画」の策定

Improvement of disaster prevention facility for a flood is necessary long time and a large amount of budget. The minimization of flood damage is incomplete without enhancement of soft measures in addition to hard measures. The serious flood damage due to Typhoon No.1411 has occurred in Naka town, Tokushima Prefecture. We analyzed the relationships between the disaster information providing by administration and evacuation of residents. Based on the results, we have developed the disaster management action plan which is called ``Timeline'' of government and residents.

浸水被害をハード整備で防ぐには膨大な時間と経費を要するため，整備途上でも被害の最小化を図るソフト対策の充実が喫緊の課題である．本研究は2014年8月に那賀町で発生した水害時の行政と住民の対応を検証する．また，過去の那賀川における出水状況を踏まえ，はん濫発生と水位や上流のダムからの放流量の相関関係等を検証するとともに，行政が発信する災害関連情報の種類や伝達方法，住民の避難完了までに必要な時間等も検討する．その結果，住民の避難等が適正に実施されるよう，災害発生前の行政や住民の対応を時系列に沿って「いつ，だれが，何をする」を明確にした「防災行動計画」を提案する．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


THE MEASURE OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AIMED AT TRAINING FOR THE REDUCTION OF DISASTER INDEPENDENTLY TO STORM SURGE DISASTER IN MYANMAR

ミャンマー国における高潮災害に対する自立的減災力育成を目指した技術支援の取組

The Ayerwaddy Region of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, facing the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea, was hit by Cyclone Nargis in May 2008. The cyclone caused a huge storm surge and brought about 140,000 death or missing. The Pro-ject on Establishment of End-to-End Early Warning System for Natural Disaster in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (JICA project) has been conducted to mitigate such disaster which would be caused by a cyclone at the coastal area of Myanmar. The authors participated in this Project and found it is important to transfer technology to observe and predict future tide level more precisely in the coastal area so that residents can take proper evacuation actions well before a storm surge hits. The authors therefore introduced a simple observation method of tide level using a ribbon rod and carried out training for engi-neers and officers in charge so that they can measure and predict tide levels for themselves in an easy and sustainable way.

ミャンマー沿岸部では2008年5月に深刻な高潮被害を受け，約14万人の犠牲者を出した．これを受け沿岸部デルタ地帯の高潮被害を軽減するため，JICAによる自然災害早期警報システム構築プロジェクト1)(JICAプロジェクト)が実施されている．広範囲で入り組んだ沿岸各地に精度の高い高潮警報を住民に伝えるためには，ミャンマー国(麺国)の技術者が自立的に各地の潮位特性を分析できる技術を身につけることが重要である．筆者らはリボンテープを用いた簡易潮位計を用い短期間の観測から潮位推算を行ない，これらの手法を防災安全教育の一環として麺国の実情に合わせた継続的な展開が可能な基礎的観測技術の移転を行った．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


Flood damage and restoration at a school and a day-care center by the typhoon No12 and No.11 of 2014

2014年台風12号・11号による学校・保育所での浸水被害と復旧対応

The risk management in the heavy rain disaster which occurs frequently in recent years becomes the urgent problem. Flood damage has occurred in a wide area in Kochi Prefecture and in Tokushima Prefecuture by the typhoon No.12 and No. 11 of 2014. Emergency restoration for business continuity were performed at the school or the day-care center which received a flood damage. We were conducted the interview survey for staff of the school or the day-care centers affected by a heavy rain disaster about the disaster situation and the response of post-disaster. Most facilities received the support of the administration, the guardian and the volunteer, and had restarted the business at the early stage.

2014年8月に相次いで来襲した台風12号と同11号では高知県と徳島県では8月1日から10日の間に多いところで2000mmを超える降雨量を記録し，各地で河川氾濫や内水被害が頻発した．その結果，両県で複数の小中学校や保育所で床上浸水被害や浸水に伴う断水が発生し，早期復旧に向けた対応が行われた．近年，教育機関や保育所が浸水被害を受ける事例が頻発しており，これらの施設での豪雨時の避難確保計画の作成や早期に復旧するための対策の実施が必要となっている．そこで，両県で被災した学校と保育所の被災実態についてインタビュー調査を実施し，各施設での被害の特徴と応急対応について検討した．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


南海トラフ巨大地震による四国太平洋沿岸の地盤沈下予測

南海トラフ巨大地震による四国太平洋沿岸の地盤沈下予測

21世紀の南海地震と防災

21世紀の南海地震と防災


SURVEY ON TSUNAMI COUNTERMEASURES AT NURSERY SCHOOLS IN A TSUNAMI INUNDATION AREA

津波浸水エリアに立地する保育所の避難確保に関する実態調査

46 percent of the nursery schools in Tokushima Prefecture are located in a tsunami inundation area. We carried out an interview survey and disaster prevention advice on earthquake and tsunami countermeasures at 76 nursery schools in coastal area. After one year, we conducted a questionnaire survey to examine the improved situation of disaster prevention measures. The technical guidance in a interview survey was effective in reducing an average evacuation distance and an average evacuation time. The disaster action card recommend by us was created in about 20 percent of the nursery schools and was effective for faster evacuation.

徳島県では想定される津波浸水エリアに102園(46%)の保育所が立地している．徳島県の沿岸部に位置する8市町76保育所を訪問して，地震・津波対策に関する訪問調査を実施した．その際，防災対策の現状調査に加えて，各施設の地震・津波対策の見直しに役立ててもらうため，津波避難計画の検証や災害時アクションカードを用いた津波避難の高度化等についても指導した．さらに1年後に訪問先を中心にアンケート調査を実施し，防災対策の改善状況を調べた．避難訓練時の所要時間から計算した園児の平均移動速度は0.52m/sで東日本大震災での乳幼児や高齢者の平均避難速度と同等であった．最寄りの海岸への津波到達予測時間を考慮して，津波避難計画の変更をお願いした結果，平均避難距離や平均避難時間が短縮された．また，災害時アクションカードは約20%の施設で作成され，緊急避難行動の迅速化が図られた．

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering)

土木学会論文集B2(海岸工学)


A verification of the validity of conditions on the location of evacuation centers for vulnerable people in Osaka bay area

大阪湾圏域下における福祉避難所の指定状況と南海トラフ地震対策に向けた課題

Journal of Japan Society for Natural Disaster Science


SUPPORT MEASURES TO LOCAL SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROCESS OF BUSINESS CONTINUITY MANAGEMENT

事業継続マネジメント(BCM)のプロセスに応じた地域中小企業への支援方策について

Since the Great East Japan Earthquake, the perception of the BCM and BCP has been increasing in local small and medium-sized enterprises. However, formulated rate of BCP in the small and medium-sized enterprises still low, play an important role local small and medium-sized enterprises, even when considering the continuation of local for assistance with BCM to, it is a challenge for each region. In this paper, we introduce the case for measures to Research Center for Management of Disaster Environmental,University of Tokushima conducted in cooperation with the Chamber of Commerce organizations and Tokushima Prefecture, is doing the support of the BCM to local small and medium-sized enterprises in response to the entire process of BCM , I do discuss the challenges and future BCM support measures for local small and medium-sized enterprises.

東日本大震災以降, 地域の中小企業でもBCP(事業継続計画)や BCM(事業継続マネジメント)への認知が高まってきている. しかし, 中小企業でのBCPの策定率は依然として低く, 地域の継続を考える上でも重要な役割を果たす地域中小企業へのBCMの支援については, 各地域での課題となっている. そこで本研究では, 徳島大学環境防災研究センターが徳島県や商工団体と協働で実施し, BCMの全体プロセスに応じて地域の中小企業にBCMの支援を行っている方策についての事例を紹介し, 地域での中小企業へのBCM支援方策と今後の課題について考察を行う.

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


Appropriate way of business continuity for nursery school due to heavy rain disaster

豪雨災害を対象とした保育所の業務継続のあり方

Advancement of the safety management is required in the nursery school which must carry out both nursing and education. The risk management in the heavy rain disaster which occurs frequently in recent years becomes the urgent problem. We were conducted the interview survey for staff of the nursery schools affected by a heavy rain disaster during 2011 and 2013 about the disaster situation of a nursery school and the response of post-disaster. From the analysis of the interviewed contents, the essential points of the safety management of children and nursing staff were summarized, and the problems for resuming nursing business quickly were shown.

養護と教育を一体的に実現することを責務とする保育所では家庭や学校以上に安全管理の高度化が求められている．近年，頻発する集中豪雨時のリスクマネジメントは保育所にとって喫緊の課題となっている．2011年から2013年までに発生した豪雨による保育所の被災状況と保育を再開するまでの取り組みについて保育所職員を対象としてインタビュー調査を実施した．インタビューで得られた内容を分析した結果，豪雨災害時の保育所での児童・職員の安全管理の点では避難を開始する水位の合理的決定や職員の緊急参集時の安全確保で問題があることや保育業務を早期に再開するための業務継続計画の策定が進んでいない状況など多くの課題が抽出された．

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. F6 (Safety Problem)

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


An analysis on local government officials' perception of disaster emergency operations plan

地方自治体職員の被災者生活支援業務に関する意識分析からみたBCP策定の課題

The role of local government officials in emergency period after disaster occurred is exceedingly important. It is necessary for effect responses to prepare the emergency operations plan before disaster occurred. This study examines perceptions of local government officials related to business continuity plan. The research area is Naruto City in Tokushima Prefecture. The questionnaire survey was conducted to Naruto City local government officials. Question items are perceptions of emergency response issues and important operation contents associated with Nankai Trough Earthquake. In the analyses, each item was aggregated and their structures were pictured based on pass analysis. The results shows that local government officials recognized importance of resources related to life in emergency period and living materials for the support service. Another results indicate that perceptions of emergency response issues and important operation contents are mostly related, on the other hand a little part are not found relevant.

東日本大震災では，障害者や要介護者の避難生活は困難を極めた．本論文は，地方自治体がBCPを策定する上で，保健福祉に関する災害対応業務をどのように位置づけて計画すべきかを検証することを目的とする．調査は，鳴門市の自治体職員468名を対象に，南海トラフ巨大地震を想定した場合の被災者生活支援業務について，業務を開始すべき時期と業務への関わり認識度を問う意識調査を実施した．その結果，保健福祉業務の開始時期に対する意識が3日以内に集中する傾向や，部署毎で業務への関わり意識に相違があることがわかった．これらの傾向を踏まえ，BCPの中に保健福祉業務をしっかり位置づける必要がある．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


The evacuation planning of group home for tsunamis

津波発生時のグループホームの避難確保計画のあり方

The social welfare facilities suffered serious damage by the Great East Japan Earthquake. This research analyzed the possibility to evacuate the upper floors of its own facility in the elderly group home in the tsunami occurred. There is a risk of tsunami inundation in all group homes of 43 facilities on the coast of Tokushima Prefecture. Those facilities of about 80% are a two-story or one story, and those of about half are located in an area of 2.0-3.0m tsunami normal water level criteria. A result of the comparative analysis the floor height of the facility and the tsunami normal water level, it is possible to evacuate the upper floors in facilities of about 60%, but it is necessary to evacuate the facility outside in facilities of about 40%. Use of the card-type manual that summarizes the action content of the minimum is effective for rapid evacuation. In the group home in Tokushima, evacuation drills were carried out by using it and the residents were able to get more effective evacuation behavior.

高齢者施設や障害者施設の施設特性を考慮した津波避難確保計画のあり方と計画の実効性を担保する訓練手法について提示することを目的とする． 特に，高齢者や障害者のグループホームに注目して，(1)施設固有のリスクと津波避対策の課題，(2) 施設特性を踏まえた避難場所の選定，(3) 計画の実効性を高める津波避難訓練について述べる．

土木学会論文集B2(海岸工学)


EFFECT OF A MOCK DISASTER TO BUSINESS CONTINUITY MANAGEMENT/BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLAN OF COMPANIES OF TOKUSHIMA PREF., AND THE EFFORTS TO SPREAD A MOCK DISASTER

徳島県内企業のBCM/BCPへの災害対応模擬演習の効果と普及に向けた取り組みについて

Since the Great East Japan Earthquake, the company, commitment to business continuity has been activated. One of the most effective way to improve business continuity ability is a mock disaster. A mock disaster is a method of exercising teams in which participants are challenged to determine the actions they would take in the event of a specific disaster scenario. This paper presents the effect of a mock disaster in the enterprise and the diffusion of a mock disaster in Tokushima pref.

企業では，BCM(事業継続マネジメント)/BCP(事業継続計画)について社内での理解を深め，実効性を評価し，さらには改善を行い，組織としての事業継続力を向上させるために様々な教育・訓練が行われている．そのひとつとして，実際に大規模災害が起こったことを想定し，その対応を行う災害対応模擬演習がある．この演習は事業継続への取り組みの実効性を向上させ，社内での意識共有と対応力の強化を目的として実施される．災害対応模擬演習は，策定されたBCPの有効性を検証する上で有用であるが，BCP策定前の企業でも自社の課題抽出やBCPの必要性に気づくためにも有用であり，その実施効果や徳島大学環境防災研究センターによる普及に向けた取り組みを報告する．

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. A1 (Structural Engineering & Earthquake Engineering (SE/EE))

土木学会論文集A1(構造・地震工学)


DAMAGE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE OF COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENT IN AWAJI ISLAND EARTHQUAKE

淡路島地震における商業施設の被災と対応

The Awaji Island earthquake of M6.3 occurred on April 13, 2013. In this earthquake, damage occurred with many residences and also commercial establishments. For 33 commercial establishments such as a supermarket in Awaji Island, the questionnaire survey was performed about damage and emergency response. It was found that from the survey results, nonstructural elements such as ceiling were affected by the store of more than 80%, opening time was delayed in stores of about 30%. We also conducted microtremor measurements at 4 stores which many glass smoke barriers damaged and calculated the H/V spectral ratio. The ground motion waveform near the store was presumed from nearby strong motion record with using the calculated data. From the estimated results, it was shown that the response acceleration of 0.3-0.5s in four stores was about 500 gal at the maximum. Commercial facility is also important as disaster prevention bases in the event of a disaster. In order to play the role of a commercial facility in the event of a disaster, increasing the earthquake resistance of buildings, improvement of the earthquake resistance of nonstructural element and the development of business continuity plan with the aim of business early resumption are very important.

2013年4月13日5時33分頃に発生したM6.3の淡路島地震では，住家被害と共に商業施設でも被害が発生した．南海トラフ地震に備えた商業施設の防災対策の向上を目的として，淡路島内の総合スーパーなど33店を対象に，被害状況と災害対応について調査した．その結果，8割以上の店舗で内装材等の被害が発生し，3割の店で営業開始時間が遅延したことが分かった．また，大型店舗で顕著であったガラス防煙垂れ壁の被害に注目し，洲本市と南あわじ市の4つの店で常時微動観測データをもとに地震動特性の推定を行った結果，南あわじ市の2つの店では強震動観測値よりも大きな地震動が発生しており，また，いずれの店舗でも非構造部材が壊れやすい0.3∼0.5sの応答加速度が卓越していた．過去の地震災害においても，ガラス防煙垂れ壁を含む非構造部材の耐震化は課題とされてきたが，商業施設では経費面などの理由からあまり進んでいないのが現状である．本調査結果から，地盤や建物特性によって局所的に被害が増大する場合があることが分かったため，被害が増幅する可能性がある施設を調べ，それらには優先的に対策を行うことが有効である．一方，東日本大震災では，被害を受けながらも一時避難所や物資供給を行った大型ショッピングセンターもあり，地域における商業施設の役割が再認識された．淡路島地震のような中規模地震においては，落下物などで負傷者を出さない対策が最優先であるが，大規模地震では，従業員と顧客の生命の安全確保に加えて，早期に営業を再開させることや，地域貢献も求められる．

土木学会論文集A1(構造・地震工学)


ANALYSIS OF THE ACTUAL SITUATION OF FLOOD OF THE YOSHINO RIVER IN THE MEIJI ERA BY FLOOD ANALYSIS, ITS PRACTICAL APPLICATION TO DISASTER REDUCTION

氾濫解析による明治期の吉野川洪水 の実態分析および防災への活用方法

This paper analyzes the flood situation of the Yoshino River in the Meiji era. From the result of the analysis of the 1911 flood of the Yoshino River in the Meiji era, how to raise the levels of disaster reduction technologies and skills of the flood-prone community are examined. The flood hazard map which the result of the analysis of the past floods is applied will help the planning of the evacuation of the people from the flood-prone community. It is shown that the levels of disaster reduction technologies and skills of a present-day flood-prone community may be raised, and the damage from a flood may be able to be reduced by analyzing the condition of the past floods in detail.

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Series B1 (Hydraulic Engineering)

土木学会論文集B1(水工学)


PROBLEMS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN A SCHOOL FOR FLOOD DISASTER

豪雨災害時の学校防災管理の課題と対策

In the flood disaster which occurred recently, for example, the Kii Peninsula heavy rain and the northern Kyushu heavy rain, a lot of schools have suffered the damage of flood. Although urgent actions such as preparation for a shelter etc. are performed in school in flood disasters, the problems have occurred such that the teacher gathering urgently got into a danger on the way to the school. By this research, those problems were analyzed and the disaster prevention management method of the school was examined for the flood disaster.

豪雨災害において小中学校などの教育機関が被災する事例が続いており，豪雨災害時の学校防災管理も組織の安全管理の観点から重要な課題の1つである．紀伊半島豪雨災害や九州北部豪雨災害など大規模な豪雨災害で被災した学校を対象にヒアリング調査を実施し，豪雨災害時の学校防災管理上の課題について，児童・生徒に対する安全と健康の管理，学校避難所の開設と運営の支援，早期の教育再開と教育継続の各段階ごとに整理した．豪雨災害時の学校防災管理のあり方についてまとめるとともに，教員対象の防災研修の実施事例について報告する．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


Sophistication of tsunami disaster prevention management of a school using the disaster action card

災害時アクションカードを活用した学校の津波防災管理の高度化

We overhauled the issues of tsunami disaster prevention management in a school from the disaster example in the Great East Japan Earthquake. It turned out that the school where refuge from tsunami is difficult is concentrating in northern Tokushima by analyzing the tsunami danger of the school in Tokushima. We proposed using an action card at the time of a disaster as a tool for disaster prevention management. In order to improve the effectiveness of school disaster prevention management, it is important that a tsunami disaster prevention specialist cooperates positively.

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering)

土木学会論文集B2(海岸工学)


A Questionnaire Survey on Discrepancies between Assumed and Actual Demands and Knowledge of Citizens for Tsunami Disaster Prevention

徳島県内の社会福祉施設の立地特性と津波防災対策の現状

The social welfare facilities suffered serious damage by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Because the person with a disability and an elderly person could not walk by oneself, they failed to escape at the time of the tsunami disaster. 96 social welfare facilities are installed on the coast in Tokushima Prefecture and those will suffer the damage of tsunami. Those institutions should get to know the risk of tsunami and need to have a suitable evacuation plan. If a tsunami risk is very high, the institutions should relocate at high and safe place.

土木学会論文集B2(海岸工学)


VERIFICATION OF ACTUAL ACCOUNTS OF NANKAI EARTHQUAKE USING STRONG MOTION RECORDS FROM THE 2011 OFF THE PACIFIC COAST OF TOHOKU EARTHQUAKE

東北地方太平洋沖地震の強震記録を用いた南海地震の揺れの体験談の解釈法の検討

The authors have discussed the validity of fault models of the 1946 Showa-Nankai Earthquake based on acutual accounts of people who experienced the earthquake. One problem, which is always evident, is the ambiguity of reported accounts. The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake, which was the same type of subduction-zone type earthquake as the Nankai Earthquake, gave a lot of accurate strong motion records as well as recent acutual accounts of people. Using this valuable information, our study attemps to verify the validity of using first-hand accouts to explain fault models of the Nankai Earthquake.

著者らはこれまで南海地震の揺れの体験談を多数集めて，震源特性の推定を行ってきた．その際，常に問題となるのが体験談の解釈の不確実性の問題であった．本研究は，南海地震と同じく海溝型巨大地震である東北地方太平洋沖地震の強震観測記録とそれから推測される揺れの体感，さらに実際の体験談を併せて用いることで，昭和南海地震の体験談の解釈の方法について検討を行うものである．例えば昭和南海地震では「揺れが水平動から上下動に変化した」や「揺れが段々激しくなった」という体験談が複数得られ，著者らは多重震源理論に基づき解釈を試みていた．今回，東北地方太平洋沖地震で得られた強震記録を用いて標準的な体感を表す振動レベルを算出したところ，水平動から上下動への変化や揺れが段々激しくなったと体感したと思われる強震記録が複数の観測点で得られていることが明らかになり，これまで著者らが行ってきた体験談の解釈法がある程度確からしいことが確認された．

土木学会論文集A1(構造・地震工学)


EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY FOR DISASTER PREVENTION BY USING EVACUATION SIMULATION GAME

避難シミュレーションゲームを用いた 防災啓発

Although a learning for disaster prevention and a evacuation drill are becoming active after the Great East Japan Earthquake, participants who have not experienced the serious disaster cannot get an actual feeling only by an lecture or a ev acuation drill . We developed a new evauation drill named `` evacuation simulation game '' in order to excite students interest in disaster prevention and made a disaster prevention education mainly at elementary and junior high schools since 2006. From 2011, the emergency drill project using " a evacuation simulation game" is conducted at educational facilities, a neiborhood community association and so on in collaboration with Tokushima Prefecture. The validity and the spread method of this training are repor ted.

東日本大震災以降，地震・津波災害を対象とした防災学習や避難訓練が活発となりつつあるが，大きな災害を経験していない住民や児童・生徒にとって，これまでの座学や避難訓練だけでは現実感を得られない場合も多い．著者らは防災に興味のない児童・生徒にも関心を持たせる方法の1つとして2006年に避難シミュレーションゲームを開発し，小・中学校を中心に防災教育を進めてきた．2011年からは徳島県の協力を得て，「生き残る・実践防災訓練プロジェクト」として，幼稚園，小・中学校などの教育機関，社会福祉施設，一般企業，自主防災会の防災研修や防災フェスタなどのイベントを通して防災啓発に取り組んでいる．避難シミュレーションゲームの開発経緯や活用方法，実施効果，普及に向けた人材育成戦略について報告する．

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. F6 (Safety Problem)

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


INVESTIGATION OF DAMAGE AND ITS ACTION OF THE WATER UTILITIES BY THE HEAVY RAIN DISASTER IN RECENT YEARS

近年の豪雨災害による水道事業者の被災とその対応調査

In recent years, we encountered extensive damage from natural disasters such as the severe rainstorms in the Niigata/Fukushima region in 2004 and 2011, severe rainstorm in Sayo Town, Hyogo Prefecture in 2009, and severe rainstorm in the Kii Peninsula caused by typhoon No.12 in 2011. In addition to the damages to housing and human lives, these storms caused major economic damage by flooding various places such as offices, hospita ls, public facilities, and essential utilitie s. In this study, cases of disaster- affected areas are investigated by focusing on water utilities, which significantly affect the length of the restoration period for other businesses, because they are located along rivers and prone to flood damage. The study discusses the aftermath and issues that water utility operators experience from flood damage and suggests the need for a Business Continuity Plan (BCP) as well as proactive measures that water util- ity operators should envision.

近年では，2004年および2011年の新潟・福島豪雨災害，2009年の佐用町豪雨災害，2011年の台風12号による紀伊半島豪雨災害などによる甚大な被害が発生している．これら洪水では，家屋・人的被害に加えて，各種事業所や病院，公共施設，ライフライン等が浸水のために大きな経済被害を被っている．そこで本研究では，沿川に立地しているために洪水被害を受けやすく他事業の復旧期間に大きく影響する『水道事業』に着目し，被災事例を調査した．浸水被害が水道事業者にもたらす影響と課題について考察するとともに，BCPの必要性と水道事業者が想定すべき事前対策等について提案する．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


DAMAGE OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND METHODOLOGY OF DISASTER PREVENTION MANAGEMENT IN A SCHOOL

教育機関の被災と防災管理のあり方

In the Great East Japan Earthquake, 553 kindergartners, children and students died in three prefectures of Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima. Although about 80 children fell victim in schools such as the Okawa elementary school, more children died in their home or on their way home. On the other hand, many schools were used as an evacuation center just after the disaster, and many school staffs had to set up and manage an evacuation center. Furthermore, they needed to make effort also to the mental health care of the children on different huge business from usual, such as restoration of the school which suffered a great deal of da mage. In this paper, it arranged about the subj ect of the disaster prevention management in educational facilities. After explaining the guideline of the school disaster prevention management revised in Tokushima Prefecture, the spread method of this guideline is reported.

東日本大震災では岩手，宮城，福島3県で園児・児童・生徒553名が亡くなったが，大川小学校などの事例を除くと引き渡し後に自宅や帰宅途中で犠牲になった子供たちが多いと伝えられている．一方，学校施設は災害直後から避難所として利用され，多くの教職員が避難所の開設・運営，さらに被災した学校の復旧や代替施設での学校再開など平常とは異なる膨大な業務の上に，児童・生徒のメンタルケアにも心を砕く必要があった．こうした教育機関での災害対応上の課題を整理し，これらの教訓から教育機関の防災管理のあり方について述べる．これを踏まえて徳島県でまとめた学校防災管理マニュアルガイドラインとこれの普及方法について報告する．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


THE WAY OF BUSINESS CONTINUITY OF THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY CORPORATION AFTER A HUGE DISASTER

国立大学法人における巨大災害時事業継続のあり方

Building damages and human damages occurred at several universities in the Tohoku and northern Kanto region in the Great East Japan Earthquak e. In addition, the issues of business continuity, such as university entrance exam schedule change has o ccurred also at the universities which were not af- fected so much by this disaster. Since the risk of th e huge disaster such as the Nankai earthquake increases, it is important that increasing the business continuity ab ility for a national university corporation. In this pa- per, we arranged the disaster situation of the univ ersities in the Great East Japan Earthquake and analyzed the issues in the post-disaster recovery. We reported the business continuity plan ning initiatives which were promoted in the University of Tokushima.

東日本大震災では東北と北関東の大学で人的被害や建物被害を生じた．そればかりか，東日本の多くの大学で入試日程変更など大学の業務継続の問題が発生した．南海トラフ地震などの巨大災害の危険性が高まっている中，国立大学法人を始め，大学が業務継続力を持つことはますます重要となっている．東日本大震災における大学の被災と応急対応から得られた課題を整理した後，徳島大学で進めている事業継続計画策定の取組を紹介する．

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


The Tsunami Behavior of the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake in the Shikoku Coast

四国沿岸で観測された2011年東北地方太平洋沖地震の津波挙動

We examined tsunami behavior of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake in the Shikoku coast by conducting field survey and data analysis of tide gauges installed in harbors and river mouths. In Tachibana Bay and Susaki Bay those are both V-shaped, the highest sea level by the tsunami has reached more than 3m. As a result, the floor flooded damage and extensive fishing damage were occurred in several districts. In Tachibana Bay, the tsunami was amplified to approximately 2.5 times the height at the bay mouth.

土木学会論文集B2(海岸工学)


CREATION OF A SANDY SHORE FOR THE ENDANGERED TIGER BEETLE CICINDE LA LEWISI AND IMPORTANCE OF ITS COOPERATIVE

希少種ルイスハンミョウを対象とした海浜ミチゲーションと官学民協働による維持管理の重要性

In 2002, a project to construct a new freeway along the Okinosu shore,located in Tokushima Prefecture in southwestern Japan started. However,the process of this construction involved land reclamation along the shore line where the endangered tiger beetle Cicindela lewisi inhabited. In compensation for the loss of their original habitats, the creation of a new artificial shore in the adjacent area was planned. Observational surveys in the original habitats demonstrated that adult tiger beetles usually utilize the vegetated area in the upper part of the shore and their larvae make nesting holes in the bare sand area of relatively lower zone. For closely mimicking conditions of their original habitats, the direct transplantation of coastal vegetation and surface soil from the natural coast was conducted. After these fundamental arrangements for existence of the tiger beetle in the new shore were completed in 2007, a corridor was made between the newly created and the original habitats for facilitating their natural movements. In the summer of the same year , adult tiger beetles had been already observed in the created shore. In the next spring, the larvae and their nesting holes were also observed. Moreover, the numbers of the both adults and larvae still increased suggesting that this mitigation succeeded at that stage. On the ot her hand, the other main purpose of the shore creation is the provision of amenity space. However, the human use is often considered to be incompatible with the environmental conservation. We conducted the workshop for considering the rules of shore use and its management systems in 2009 including locals. We agreed on making the rules that restricts human activities to harmless level for tiger beetle activities. Then, fences was installed in 2010 and could successfully prevented shore users from entering the larval habitat.

希少種ルイスハンミョウの生息環境を代償する目的で，徳島県沖洲に人工海浜が造成された．ルイスハンミョウは海浜生態系の高次捕食者であるため，生息場所の物理的環境条件の模倣だけでなく，餌生物を含む海浜の食物連鎖の再現も目標とされた．人工海浜の概成後，2007-2010年におけるルイスハンミョウ出現数は年々増加しており，本ミチゲーション事業はその目的を達成したといえる．一方，希少種の保全と海浜の利活用を両立するためには，その主体となる地域住民とともに利活用のあり方を検討する必要がある．そこで，多様なステークホルダーによるワークショップが開催され，規制ルールが検討された．その結果，幼虫の生息環境保全のために人を対象とした侵入防止柵が設置され，また，環境維持におけるその有効性が検証された．このことから，協働による海浜の維持管理体制の構築の重要性が示唆された．

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B3 (Ocean Engineering)

土木学会論文集B3(海洋開発)


A Plan the Flooded Risk Management by a Short Period Localized Torrential Downpour for Small and Midium-Sized Enterprises

局所的・短期的集中豪雨による事業所被害を対象とした浸水リスク管理方策


INVESTIGATION OF ACTUAL CONDITION OF FLOOD IN THE YOSHINO RIVER IN THE MEIJI PERIOD BY USING NEWSPAPER ARTICLES AND WATER LEVEL RECORDS

新聞記事や水位観測記録を用いた明治期の吉野川洪水の実態把握

This paper examines the flood situation of the Yoshino River in the Meiji era. Using water level records and lateral profile of the river of those days, a numerical simulation was performed for the flood in Meiji 44, and it was compared with the situation of the flood damage described by the newspaper articles. The flood actual condition in Meiji 44 was investigated in general by the numerical analysis. In the Yoshino River of the time where maintenance of a river bank etc. was not progressing, it turned out that the flood often occurred and it had suffered the serious damage in which many bridges and houses were washed away. As mentioned above, by clarifying the situation of the past flood, when considering future flood control plan, it becomes precious data.

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Series B1 (Hydraulic Engineering)

土木学会論文集B1(水工学)


REEVALUATION OF THE FLOOD AND THE FLOOD CONTROL PLAN AROUND THE DAIJUU WEIR IN THE YOSHINO RIVER BY USING THE WATER LEVEL DATA AND THE RIVER SURVEY MAP IN THE MEIJI ERA

明治期の水位観測記録と実測平面図を用いた吉野川第十堰周辺の洪水と治水計画の再評価

The authors analyzed the hydraulic features of the Daijuu Weir and neighboring levee of the Yoshino River in the historical perspective, as the structures are important factors of flood control for the river. Firstly, the authors analyzed the precious data of water level observations around the Weir started by De Rijke, a Dutch engineer in 1883. Then using a river survey map surveyed in 1901, they restored the status of levees of the Yoshino River before modern improvement works. Thirdly they analyzed a relationship between the Yoshino River Levee and the Daijuu Weir based on the newspaper articles of the fifty years of period from 1878 through 1927. As the conclusion they reevaluated the flood and flood control plan of the Yoshino River around the Daijuu Weir.

土木学会論文集B1(水工学)


IDEA CONCERNING EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE STRENGTHENING OF EQUIPMENT TO ADVANCE BCP EFFECTIVELY --- AS AN EXAMPLE OF THE SEMICONDUCTOR PLANT

効果的なBCPを進めるための設備耐震性強化に関する考え方 --- 半導体工場を念頭にして

In this report, we discussed the idea of the earthquake resistance strengthning equipment as an example of semiconductor plant. We have also introduced the method of reasonably evaluating the bottlenecked equipment at the disaster recovery. Moreover, practicable anti-earthquake measures and the method of a continuous improvement were proposed.

BCP策定に際し，従業員の安全を守る基本的条件である「建屋の倒壊」は免れるレベルの耐震補強がされた工場において，更に早期回復を実現させるのに必要な要素の1つである設備の耐震化に関する考え方を「半導体工場」を例に整理した．災害時に製造業等で早期復旧を実現させるためには，建屋の耐震性確保に加えて，主要設備の耐震性向上も特に重要である．本報告では設備の耐震性強化に関して，経営からの視点も加え，ボトルネック設備を把握する方法，耐震対策の優先順位を決定する方法，さらに具体的な耐震性強化の手法について提案する．

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. F6 (Safety Problem)

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


DAMAGE AND CORRESPOBDENCE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENTS FO R Mt. SHINMOE 2011 ERUPTIONS

霧島連山・新燃岳の火山災害による事業所被災と自治体対応

On Jan. 27, 2011, Mt. Shinmoe in the Kirishima mountain range on the border between Kagoshima and Miyazaki Prefectures began erupting for the first time in 52 years. In this study, to clarify the damage and correspondence of localgovernments and business establishments for a series of volcanic hazards of Mt.Shinmoe in 2011, we conducted interview research and document investigation. For endless volcanic hazard, not only the serious and sustained effots of disaster-affected area, but also the broad-based supoorts from neighboring local governments and business establishments are required.

南九州・霧島連山の新燃岳(標高1,421m)では，平成23年1月に52年ぶりの爆発的噴火が起き，宮崎・鹿児島両県で降灰や噴石による被害が報告された．先行きの見えない噴火活動が住民の生活や企業活動に与える影響は大きく，また長期化することが懸念される．本研究では，各種公表資料，自治体や企業でのヒアリング調査結果をもとに，本災害による事業所や自治体の被災状況と当時の対応，今後の対策について整理し，長期化する恐れのある火山災害時における企業の事業継続に必要な観点について整理した．突発的な今回の火山噴火は，当該地域の火山災害に対する防災体制の不備な点を明らかにした．今後，火山災害の影響を受けない地域をも含めたより広域的な連携関係を構築しておくことや，風評被害を防ぐための復旧過程での積極的な報道の利用等が重要であると考えられる

土木学会論文集F6(安全問題)


Disaster Management Consciousness Gap by the Difference of Personal Life and Disaster

地震・津波被害の影響と生活環境の差が生む住民の防災意識変化

Two issues on effects of disaster management consciousness gap by the difference of personal life of the people of Aichi prefecture are discussed. They are (i) effective remote location's great disaster for the people (ii) quantification of the disaster management consciousness by listening comprehension surveys. Data taken for 46 to 50 areas in Aichi prefecture 6 inland areas and over 40 coastal areas are examined. In the mean time a commercial and industrial area characterizes inland area of Aichi prefecture. The results show that (1) it is important that engineers have to view the problem of disaster management from different angles. (2) the disaster management consciousness gap has begun to exhibit obvious symptoms between inland areas and coastal areas.

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering)

土木学会論文集B2(海岸工学)


Collection and analysis of cases of emergency response for natural disaster to develop business continuity plan in port and harbor

港湾の業務継続計画策定に向けた災害時応急対応事例の収集と分析

The problems on restoration activities were extracted from analysis of the past natural disaster cases in port and harbor. They were arranged separately for five important resources to continue business, ``person'', ``facility'', ``information and communication'', ``lifeline'' and ``cooperator''. The followings are considered as necessary matters for business continuity in port and harbor; 1) Staff and assistant's roles should be clarified from prior. 2) The feature of business continuity in the port is well understood. 3) Important data of the design data etc. should be kept in two or more places. 4) Temporary depository space of rubbles is secured. 5) It is necessary to examine about the cooperation method of a municipality and related organizations.

土木学会論文集B2(海岸工学)


Damage and correspondence of business establishments for the flood disaster caused by Typhoon 0909

平成21年台風9号の豪雨災害による事業所等の被災と対応

A heavy rainfall caused by Typhoon 0909 attacked Sayo town, Hyogo prefecture, in August 2009. This flood caused the serious inundation damage in various business establishments. In Sayo town office, the first floor was flooded, and disaster prevention information system lost a function. Important facilities broke down due to the inundation in hospitals and many factories. Many stores suffered serious damage, and someone discontinued their business. We examined problems when a enterprise coped with the flood disaster by hearing investigation and analyzing reports of the disaster investigation committee from the viewpoint of business continuity.


Measure of local community association for the flood disaster of typhoon 0909 in Sayo town, Hyogo prefecture

平成21 年台風9 号による佐用町豪雨災害時の自治会対応

A heavy rain fall attacked Sayo town, which is located at north western part of Hyogo prefecture, JAPAN, in August 2009. This flood disaster caused extensive damage all over the town, however, the mutual assistance by local residents and communities association were come under close from the view point of the voluntary prevention disaster. In this paper, first, the outline of this flood disaster is reported. Second, the measure of local communities on flood was summarized in time series. Finally, the future measures on regional disaster prevention were discussed.


四国における建設業BCP 普及に向けた取組み

四国における建設業BCP 普及に向けた取組み

Restoration works of construction companies will be crucial to earlier recovery from the disaster. Business continuity plan (BCP) of construction industries, therefore, is essential to disaster-prevention strategies. In this paper, the actions to spread BCP in Shikoku are introduced. The way to sustain such actions and the necessity to connect them with area management are discussed.

第13回日本地震工学シンポジウム発表論文集(CD-ROM)

第13回日本地震工学シンポジウム発表論文集(CD-ROM)


大学と県の連携によるBCP の普及活動

大学と県の連携によるBCP の普及活動

In Tokushima Prefecture, a university and the prefecture authorities cooperate and have been doing the spread activity of Business Continuity Plan (BCP) since 2006. Both are supporting small and medium-sized enterprises to settle on BCP by holding a study meeting once a month. The place of the information exchange by the society is necessary for the small and medium-sized enterprise where both a person and expenditure are insufficient to settle on BCP.

第13回日本地震工学シンポジウム発表論文集(CD-ROM)

第13回日本地震工学シンポジウム発表論文集(CD-ROM)


法先近傍に矢板壁を打設した盛土斜面の地震時安定性評価法

法先近傍に矢板壁を打設した盛土斜面の地震時安定性評価法

第13回日本地震工学シンポジウム発表論文集(CD-ROM)

第13回日本地震工学シンポジウム発表論文集(CD-ROM)


Field Investigation on the 2010 Chilean Earthquake Tsunami along the Comprehensive Coastal Region in Japan

2010年チリ中部地震による日本での津波被害に関する広域現地調査

An earthquake of Mw 8.8 struck off the coast of central Chile on Feb. 27, 2010. A tsunami due to the earthquake propagated on the Pacific Ocean and attacked Japan on the next day. JMA issued a major tsunami warning for many coastal regions, however severe damage occurred in many ports especially for fishery. To understand the tsunami disaster, the filed investigation was carried out to record tsunami heights such as run-up heights and inundated heights along the comprehensive coastal region. In cooperation with many institutes, eyewitnesses interview, measurement of tsunami trace and analysis of tide records were conducted. Then the tsunami height distribution from Hokkaido to Okinawa is reported here. The tsunami was higher in the northern part of Japan and it exceeded 2 meters in the Tohoku district especially.

土木学会論文集B2(海岸工学)


Continuation or Decline of Disaster Management Education Effect with Earthquake and Tsunami Themes

地震・津波をテーマとした学校防災教育効果の持続と低下

Three issues on effects of disaster management education for children in schools are discussed. They are (i) effective disaster management education for young people, (ii) quantification of the educational effects by the questionnaire surveys, (iii) effectiveness and durability of the disaster management education. Date taken for five schools, a high school, two junior high schools, and two elementary schools are examined. The results show that (1) it is important that school teachers and engineers examine disaster prevention education curriculum together, (2) it is possible to quantify the education effect by questionnaire surveys, (3) non-continuous disaster management education causes a decline of the disaster prevention awareness.

土木学会論文集B2(海岸工学)


Evaluation Method of Restoring Nature Plan Considering an Amount of Initial Growth of Stony Coral

サンゴの初期成長量を考慮した再生計画の効果評価手法について

In this study,we discuss about an evaluation method of restoring nature planning involving a reformation of breakwater. We have proposed PHSI(Probabilistic Habitat Suitable Index) model for evaluation method of marine environment by reforming breakwater. In this paper, we focus on the growth rate of children of stony coral (Acropora tumida) in two different PHSI points. We understand the relationship between PHSI value and the initial amount of coral growth. Then we evaluated to consider restoring nature plan from the initial amount of coral growth. PHSI value differs by 0.1, about three years, the amount of coral growth was found roughly 170% of the difference may occur.

土木学会論文集B2(海岸工学)


Guidline for formulation of the HSI model for benthic animals on a tidal flat in the Yoshino river

吉野川河口干潟の底生生物を対象としたHSIモデル作成ガイドラインについて

This study aims to build up the HSI model to estimate habitat suitability correctly for 7 kinds of benthic animals on a tidal flat in the Yoshino River. We used two or three kinds of physical quantity of median particle diameter, mud content and bed elevation as an environmental influence factor of the object benthos and built up 4 kinds of the HSI model. We selected the most accurate model among 4 models in the reproduction precision of the activity population every animal. The integrated prediction accuracy of the selected HSI models for 7 kinds of benthos is high with 86.5% from 71.5%. Furthermore, we utilized these HSI models, and the habitation prediction map of the benthos was created.

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B2 (Coastal Engineering)

土木学会論文集B2(海岸工学)


Availability and limitation of software countermeser for heavy rain disaster in Sayo Town, Hyogo prefecture in August, 2009

2009年8月佐用町豪雨災害にみるソフト防災対策の有効性とその限界


REEVALUATION OF THE FLOOD AND THE FLOOD CONTROL PLAN AROUND THE DAIJUU WEIR IN THE YOSHINO RIVER BY USING THE WATER LEVEL DATA AND THE RIVER MEASUREMENT CHART IN THE MEIJI ERA

In the Hiji River, records of flood water level for 320 years have been accumulated. These long term records are rare and valuable in Japan. Analyzing these records, we calculated the probabilities of flood at each period and studied the safety level of flood control changing with embankment, dam construction and other flood control measures. Main results in this paper are summarized below. 1) Records of flood water level show that the safety level of flood control has been raised along with flood control measures. 2) The safety level data based on flood water level almost agree with those based on rainfall.

Annual Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. JSCE


大学BCPに向けた防災意識啓発と地震避難訓練の実施

大学BCPに向けた防災意識啓発と地震避難訓練の実施

21世紀の南海地震と防災

21世紀の南海地震と防災


Problems and solusions on the spread of BCP in construction industry

建設業における事業継続計画普及の課題と解決策


Interview investigations on emergency restoration activities of construction companies in the recent damaging earthquakes

最近の被害地震における建設業の応急対応に関するヒヤリング調査

The interview investigations were conducted how the construction companies had conducted the emergency restoration activities in recent damaging earthquakes. In the Niigataken Chuetsu Earthquake in 2004, the information for the restoration works confused because the government, the prefecture and the city had separately communicated to the construction industry. Then, the confusion of information did not occur in Niigataken Chuetsu-oki Earthquake because the construction industry had conferred with the administrator on the correspondence procedure before the earthquake occurred. In the Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku Earthquake in 2008, the local construction companies conducted the emergency restoration on the basis of the disaster cooperation agreement, and greatly contributed to both secondary disaster prevention and the disaster recovery.


徳島大学での地震避難訓練と学生・教職員の防災意識

徳島大学での地震避難訓練と学生・教職員の防災意識


Evaluation Method of Restoring Nature Plan Considering an Opportunity Loss Risk

機会損失リスクを考慮した自然再生計画の評価手法

Proceedings of Coastal Engineering, JSCE


Field Test on Breeding Technique of Sexual Reproduction for Acropora tumida

エダミドリイシの有性生殖による増殖法に関する現地試験

This study is aimed for establishment of the breeding technique by the zoogamy of Acropora tumida. The natural restoration works for coral communities has been carried out in the Takegashima underwater park located in Southeast Shikoku. A breeding by the zoogamy is effective for the restoration of the coral. Therefore we conducted field works about the growth process of this coral from eggs to juveniles. As a result of investigation of three years, we obtained some important ecological characteristics of this coral, such that laying eggs occurs about on July 3 in lunar calendar.


RECORDS OF FLOOD WATER LEVEL FOR 320 YEARS AND THE SAFETY LEVEL OF FLOOD CONTROL IN HIJI RIVER

320年間の洪水位観測記録から見た肱川の治水安全度の変遷


医師・薬剤師・栄養士から見た被災生活の問題点とその対応法

医師・薬剤師・栄養士から見た被災生活の問題点とその対応法

21世紀の南海地震と防災

21世紀の南海地震と防災


岩手・宮城内陸地震及び岩手県沿岸北部地震における企業被害と応急対応

岩手・宮城内陸地震及び岩手県沿岸北部地震における企業被害と応急対応

21世紀の南海地震と防災

21世紀の南海地震と防災