持久性運動後の血糖変動から糖尿病リスクを検出できるか?

持久性運動後の血糖変動から糖尿病リスクを検出できるか?


Evaluation of blood flow velocity waveform in common carotid artery using multi-branched arterial segment model of human arteries

Arteriosclerosis is considered to be a major cause of cardiovascular diseases, which account for approximately 30% of the causes of death in the world. We have recently demonstrated a strong correlation between arteriosclerosis (arterial elasticity) and two characteristics: maximum systolic velocity (S1) and systolic second peak velocity (S2) of the common carotid artery flow velocity waveform (CCFVW). The CCFVW can be measured by using a small portable measuring device. However, there is currently no theoretical evidence supporting the causes of the relation between CCFVW and arterial elasticity, or the origin of the CCFVW characteristics. In this study, the arterial blood flow was simulated using a one-dimensional systemic arterial segments model of human artery in order to conduct a qualitative evaluation of the relationship between arterial elasticity and the characteristics of CCFVW. The simulation was carried out based on the discretized segments with the physical properties of a viscoelastic tube (the cross-sectional area at the proximal and terminal ends, the length, and the compliance per unit area of the tube (CS)). The findings obtained through this study revealed that the simulated CCFVW had shape similar characteristics to that of the measured CCFVW. Moreover, when the compliance CS of the model was decreased, the first peak of the simulated-CCFVW decreased and the second peak increased. Further, by separating the anterograde pulse wave and the reflected pulse wave, which form the CCFVW, we found that the decrease in the first peak of the simulated CCFVW was due to the arrival of a reflected pulse wave from the head after the common carotid artery toward the arrival of a anterograde pulse wave ejected directly from the heart and that the increase in the second peak resulted from the arrival of the peak of the reflected pulse wave from the thoracic aorta. These results establish that the CCFVW characteristics contribute to the assessment of arterial elasticity.

総頸動脈血流速度波形と動脈弾性の関係について，1次元流体解析モデルを用いて検討している．動脈モデルはヒトの全身の主要な動脈を多枝セグメントモデルとして構築したものを用い，動脈弾性を変化させた時の総頸動脈の血流速度波形を求めた結果，動脈弾性の変化により血流速度波形が変化することを示した．これにより総頸動脈の血流速度波形を調べることにより動脈硬化を評価することができる可能性を示した．

Biomedical Signal Processing and Control


Effects of different Intensities of endurance exercise on oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three different intensities of exercise on oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. Eight healthy male subjects performed three different intensities of exercise for 20 minutes: (1) 70% anaerobic threshold (AT) (light intensity, LI), (2) 100% AT (moderate intensity, MI), and (3) 130% AT (high intensity, HI) on a cycle ergometer. A control (C) trial was conducted under resting conditions. Blood samples were taken pre-exercise, immediately and 30 min after exercise. In the HI trial only, the concentrations of plasma derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) were significantly higher immediately (P<0.01) and 30 min after exercise (P<0.05) than at pre-exercise. Furthermore, plasma trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity was significantly higher immediately after exercise in the HI trial (P<0.01). And, plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was significantly higher immediately after exercise than at pre-exercise in the MI (P<0.05) and HI trials (P<0.01). These data suggest that 20 min of pedaling exercise above the AT level may increase ROS production, while endogenous enzyme activity (especially GPX activity) or non-enzymatic antioxidants may modulate exercise-induced ROS generation. Thus, exercise under the AT level induces very little oxidative stress damage in young people.

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine


Relationship among 10km run-induced fatigue, oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in middle-aged runners

中高年者における10㎞走での疲労感と酸化ストレス及び抗酸化能力の関係


中等度強度以下の持久性運動が血中の活性酸素生成および白血球活性化マーカーに及ぼす影響

The purpose of this study was to examine effects of moderate-intensity endurance exercise on reactive oxygen species production and leukocyte activation markers in young and middle-aged persons. Blood samples were collected before and after the jogging of 10 km. Although cytokines recruiting and priming neutrophils and monocytes were released into the circulation and functional after the jogging of 10 km, reactive oxygen metabolites-derived compounds (d-ROMs) were not significantly increased. It was indicated that chemokines and leukocyte activation markers at rest were increased with aging, and that might be accompanied by the higher level of d-ROMs in the elderly.

若年者，中高年者を対象に 10 km のジョギングの前後に採血を行い，活性酸素種の生成，ケモカインおよび白血球活性化マーカーへの影響を検討した．運動後にケモカインおよび白血球活性化マーカーが上昇した．また加齢に伴い安静時の活性酸素種の生成，ケモカインならびに白血球活性化マーカーが高まる可能性が示された．

Japanese Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine


Relationship among first heart sound amplitude, double product and cardiac parasympathetic nervous system modulation during graded exercise

The present study was conducted to determine the relationships among the breaking point of first heart sound amplitude (HSBP), double product breaking point (DPBP) and the breaking point of log HF (HFBP) in graded exercise. Twelve healthy Japanese males volunteered to participate in the present study. All subjects gave their informed consent prior to participation in this study. Each subjects performed graded exercise consisting of 90 seconds of exercise at pedaling rate of 60rpm on an electrically braked cycle ergometer. The intensity of exercise was started at 10 watts and was increased 10 watts at every step of the graded exercisd presse. Heart rate (HR), heart sounds amplitude (HS), blooure and cardiac autonomic nervous system activity were measured at each exercise step. The subjects were instructed to stop the exercise when their RPE was reached 15-16 or when the HR reached 160bpm. The HSBP, DPBP and HFBP were calculated. HR, SBP, DP and HS were increased with increased workload. The log HF decreased with increasing workload. We observed significant relationships between DPBP and HSBP, and between DPBP and HFBP. In addition, there were significant relationships between HSBP and HFBP. The HFBP was significantly lower than DPBP and HSBP. The present study reports the following new findings: in graded exercise, the DP, HS and log HF exhibited similar response characteristics; the workload for the HFBP correlated significantly with the workload for DPBP and for HSBP, and was reached at a lower exercise intensity than the workload for DPBP and for HSBP. These data suggested it is evident that, in graded exercise, double product, the first heart sounds and cardiac parasympathetic nervous system modulation are interacted and that cardiac parasympathetic nervous system activity is attenuated before the anaerobic threshold is reached.

Advances in Exercise and Sports Physiology


Evaluating heart sound break point by MD recorder for applying tailor made exercise prescription in community based health promotion program

オーディオ機器を利用した心音測定システムの開発と第一心音振幅の屈曲点による運動処方の有効性


The First Heart Sound Immediately after Exercise as an Index of Exercise Stress

INTRODUCTION. This study investigated whether the amplitude of the first heart sound (AHS-1) and the diastolic time (DT) recorded immediately after exercising could be related to those values during exercise.METHODS. Nine male volunteers (24.6±2.9 years old) participated in this study. A discontinuous graded exercise test was performed on an electrically braked cycle ergometer. The external phonocardiograms were recorded during the test. The 10 highest AHS-1 during the last 30 sec at each stages and 10 consecutive AHS-1 immediately after each stage of exertion were measured. The DT was calculated as the systolic time subtracted from the cardiac cycle time interval assessed by the waveform of the heart sounds in the same time range as the above analysis.RESULTS. The change of AHS-1 during exercise and immediately after exercise at each stage demonstrated a significant correlation (r=0.979, p<0.01). The workloads at the breaking point during and immediately after exercise were the same. There were significant correlations between the DT during exercise and immediately after exercise in all (r=0.951 to 0.993, p<0.01).CONCLUSION. The results of this study clarified that AHS-1 and DT during exercise can be estimated from the phonocardiogram that is recorded immediately after exercise.

International Journal of Sport and Health Science


Exercise Improved Age-associated Changes in the Carotid Blood Velocity Waveforms

Journal of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Engineering


Measurement of Blood Flow Velocity Waveforms in the Carotid, Brachial and Femoral Arteries during Head-up Tilt


Measurement of Blood Flow Velocity Waveforms in the Carotid, Brachial and Femoral Arteries during Postural Change

Proceeding of International Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering 2006 (ICBPE 2006)


聴診記録法による運動時拡張期血圧の判定方法の検討

聴診記録法による運動時拡張期血圧の判定方法の検討

運動時の拡張期血圧の判定は「血管音が急激に変化する点(スワンの4点)」とするとなっているが，現実的にはその判定は困難である．本研究では血管音をA/D変換器を通して血管音を記録して，その波形分析から拡張期血圧の判定を行うことを検討した．結果として周波数分析では特徴的なポイントは決定できず，従来の聴診による音の変化をとらえるという方法を視覚的に血管音の振幅変化という点で決定するのが精度を高める方法であるという結果を報告した．

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告


The first heart sounds amplitude has a breaking point and positive relationships with blood lactate concentration and double product in graded exercise

Continuous recording of heart sounds during graded exercise suggested that there might be a breaking point of heart sounds amplotude (HSBP, Heart Sounds Breaking Point) and that HSBP might have a possibility of an index of anaerobic threshold as a noninvasive method. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among amplitude of the first heart sound (HS-I), blood lactate concentration (LA), and double product (DP) during graded exercise. Nine physically active subjects (6 males and 3 females) volunteered to participate in the present study, Each subject performed a 7-to 10-setp graded exercise consisting of 3-min of exercise with 1-min of rest between steps on a cycle ergometer at 60 rpm. The intensity of exercise was stated at 10 watts and was increased 20 watts for male subjects or 15 watts for female subjects. Phonocardiogram was recorded with a microphone placed on the 4th intercostal space, 5 cm left of the sternum with ECG. The electric signals were sent to a personal computer through an A/D converter. The 10 higher amplitudes of HS-1 were determined from the last 30-sec recording at each step of graded exercise. LA and blood pressure was determined in same 3-min exercise session . Blood pressure during exercise was determined by auscultatory recording method. As results of this study, there were significant positive relationships among amplitude of HS-1, LA, and DP, and also there were significant positive relationships among three work rates at HSBP, lactate threshold, and DP breaking point. These results indicated that HSBP might be an index of anaerobic threshold as a noninvasive method.

心音図の第一心音の振幅は多段階運動により増加傾向を示し，その変化は血中乳酸濃度やダブルプロダクトとほぼ一致するという現象を報告した論文である．すなわち第一心音振幅はブレイキングポイントを示し，このポイントを心音ブレイキングポイント(Heart Sounds Breaking Point:HSBP)と名付けた．この研究の発見は，簡単で，かつ非観血的方法で無酸素的閾値を判定できるという運動指導のおける実用性を高めたところに意義がある．今後活用されることが期待される．


Relationship between electromyogram and autonomic nervous system activity assessed by heart rate variability during static muscle contractions

静的運動時の心拍変動から見た交感神経緊張度と筋電図との関係

We determined heart rate(HR), blood presure(BP), integrated EMG, and autonomic nervous system activity(ANSA)assessed by heart rate variability during 6-min static brachial biceps contraction(SC)of 10% of maximum strength in ten subjects. There was a negative relation in increased HR and LF/HF, implying that parasympathetic activity affected a change in HR during SC. Subjects showed, however, different patterns in response to SC in HF and LF/HF. BP showed a large increase during SC in all subjects. These results indicated that ANSA might differ in heart and brachial vessel during SC.

健康な成人男女10名を対象にイス座位姿勢で最大筋力の10%に相当する荷重を右手で6分間保持させ, その時の心電図, 筋電図, 血圧を測定した.そして心拍変動パワースペクトルから心臓自律神経系の活動を検討した.静的運動ではHR増加量とHF増加率と負の相関がみられたが, 個人毎のHFやLF/HFの変動には増加する例や減少する例など差がみられた.血圧の変動をみると, SBPとDBPは著しい上昇を示した.以上の結果から静的運動では自律神経系への作用には身体部位による違いがあり, 心臓自律神経系への作用は強くはないが, 血管交感神経への影響は強く現れることが示唆された.

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告


連続的運動と間欠的運動のエネルギー代謝の比較

連続的運動と間欠的運動のエネルギー代謝の比較

ジョギング運動中に途中で休息を取ることが代謝に影響するかを検討するために，「30分の連続運動とその後の30分休息の条件」と「5分運動，5分休息を6回繰り返す条件」について比較した．その結果総エネルギー消費量は両条件で有意差はなく，また血中遊離脂肪酸濃度もほぼ同じ水準であったことを報告した．このことから健康維持増進のためには途中で走ることを中断してもランニング時間が同じである限り，エネルギー的には連続運動と同じであり，疲れを感じたときには休息を取るべきであることを主張した．


静的，動的および複合での運動における血圧応答の比較

静的，動的および複合での運動における血圧応答の比較

静的運動では収縮期および拡張期血圧は急激に上昇する事が知られているが，静的運動と動的運動を組み合わせた運動では血圧どのような変化を示すかを，日常生活での荷物を持った状態で歩行を行う場合のシミレーション実験として検討した．その結果，静的運動で上昇した血圧は動的運動により抑制を受け，血圧上昇が抑えられることを報告した．


静的，動的および複合での運動における血圧応答の比較

静的，動的および複合での運動における血圧応答の比較


ペダリング運動における収縮期血圧の応答

ペダリング運動における収縮期血圧の応答

大学生を対象にペダリング運動時の運動強度の変化に伴う収縮期血圧の変動を検討した．その結果，運動部学生は収縮期血圧は物理的負荷に対してはゆっくりした上昇傾向を示すが，最終的には大きな物理的負荷(仕事量)を実施できるために収縮期血圧は210mmHg付近まで上昇することや，体力水準の低い学生は血圧上昇が小さいために作業筋への血液供給が悪く，大きな仕事量での作業を遂行できないことを報告した．

Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine


Thermal responses to swimming in the three water temperatures: influence of a wet suit

The primary objective of this investigation was to determine the thermal and metabolic effects of wearing a rubberized wet suit (WS) while swimming for 30 min in 20.1, 22.7, and 25.6 degrees C water. Metabolic and body temperature measurements were recorded in each water temperature with subjects wearing either a WS or a competitive swimming suit (SS). Immediately after each swim the subjects cycled for 15 min on a stationary cycle ergometer. Energy expenditure (VO2), heart rate, post-swim blood lactate, work completed on the cycle ergometer, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were similar in all trials. Mean (+/- SE) core temperature (Tc) during swimming in the SS trials increased 0.56 (+/- 0.33), 0.48 (+/- 0.20), and 1.22 (+/- 0.24) degrees C, whereas in the WS trial Tc rose 0.62 (+/- 0.22), 1.02 (+/- 0.15), and 0.89 (+/- 0.13) degrees C in the 20.1, 22.7, and 25.6 degrees C treatments, respectively. Following swimming many of the subjects experienced a decrease in Tc, but it was significantly elevated above preimmersion by the end of cycling in all trials except the SS 20.1 degrees C trial. Mean trunk temperatures (Ttr) during swimming in the WS trials were 4.32 +/- 0.16 (20.1 degrees C), 3.90 +/- 0.25 (22.7 degrees C), and 3.21 +/- 0.20 (25.6 degrees C) degrees C warmer than in the SS. Ttr rose after the subjects exited the water, but remained significantly below baseline throughout cycling in all trials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

オリンピックでトライアスロンが実施されることから水泳から自転車競技へ移行する際の体温の変動とエネルギー消費量を測定し，シミレーション運動による生体への影響を検討した．その結果水泳時は泳速度によりエネルギー消費量の大小は決まってくるが，自転車競技へ移行すると身体が濡れていることから運動による体温上昇作用と風による熱放散のバランスにより体温上昇が抑えられることなどを報告した．

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise


Effects of breath holding in air on cardiac responses in man

Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine


Relations of five kilometer performance, energy cost of running and predicted velocity at VO2max in trained male runners

長距離走の記録は最大酸素摂取量よりランニング速度と酸素摂取量との関係から求めた最大酸素摂取量相当でのランニング速度により関係が深いという先行研究をもとに，トレッドミルでのランニング時の50000mの記録，ランニングコスト，最大酸素摂取量でのランニング速度を測定し，3者の関係を検討した．その結果先行研究と同様に最大酸素摂取量でのランニング速度が長距離走の記録に高く関係していることを確認した．

Journal of Human Sciences and Arts, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima


Changes in cardiac rhythm in man during underwater submersion and swimming studied by ECG telemetry

A previously reported method for electrocardiographic (ECG) telemetry in water using frequency-modulated current was improved to obtain more stable ECGs. The ECGs of seven healthy men were monitored using the improved method during and after whole-body submersion or underwater swimming. Bradycardia and arrhythmias were observed during the submersion, and transient tachycardia was detected after the start of underwater swimming, followed by bradycardia with arrhythmias. Three different types of arrhythmias were observed: sinus arrhythmia (SA), supraventricular extrasystole (SE) and ventricular extrasystole (VE). SA and SE tended to develop during the latter half of the period of submersion or underwater swimming, and especially after the restart of breathing. VEs were detected in only one subject during submersion, whereas they occurred in most subjects during and after underwater swimming. Individual variations were found in development of arrhythmias, one subject showing no arrhythmia. Bradycardia, SA and SE could depend on vagal suppression in underwater conditions, and VE may be related to the effect of muscular movement on cardiac function in addition to vagal inhibition.

水泳，潜水中の心電図記録を独自に開発した水中テレメトリー法で記録し，潜水水泳時の心拍動の検討を行った．その結果潜水時間の経過とともに除脈を示すこと，また不整脈(主に上室性不整脈であった)が生じる場合は心拍数がおおよそ70拍/分以下で現れていることから，副交感神経の緊張増加が関係していることが示唆されることなどを報告した．

European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology


Changes in the concentrations of Na+, K+ and Cl- in secretion from the skin during progressive increase in exercise intensity

A simple method for sampling skin secretion in 1-min periods was developed for investigating the effects of progressive increases in exercise intensity on Na+, K+ and Cl- secretions from the skin of the forearm. Ten healthy male subjects performed exercise consisting of eight stepwise increases in intensity from 50 to 225 W, with a 25-W increase at each step. Exercise at each step was for 3 min followed by a 1-min recovery period. Samples of blood and skin secretion were taken during the recovery period. Significant positive correlations were found between the mean concentrations of Na+ and Cl- and between those of K+ and Cl- in the skin secretion. The concentrations of electrolytes in the skin secretion also showed significant correlations with the blood lactate concentrations. The inflection points for secretions of Na+, K+ and Cl- were 4.04, 3.61 and 3.83 mmol.l-1 of blood lactate; 64.42, 61.96 and 62.14% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max); and exercise intensities of 123.01, 117.65 and 125.07 W, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the value of 67.27% of VO2max or 134.00W at the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) and the inflection points. From these results we concluded that changes in electrolyte concentrations in skin secretion during incremental exercise according to this protocol were closely related with the change in the blood lactate concentration, and that the inflection points for electrolytes may have been near the exercise intensity at OBLA.


Comparisons of left ventricular systolic and diastolic times in exercise between trained and untrained men

運動時に心拍数が増加する，すなわち心周期は短縮することは良く知られた現象である．心周期は心筋収縮期と拡張期に分けられる．この収縮期と拡張期の時間的割合が長距離走者と一般学生とで差があるかを検討した．その結果，長距離走者は同一心拍数で短い収縮時間を持ち，その分拡張時間を長くしており，そのことは冠動脈からの心筋への血液供給を有利にしていることを報告した．


Development of instruments for amphibious telemetry of human ECG during exercise

Proceeding of 1988 Seoul Olympic Scientific Congress


Effects of immersion and diving on appearance of arrhythmia in the electrocardiogram

Sports, Medicine and Health: Proceeding of 24th FIMS World Congress


ファストピッチソフトボール投手にみられた尺骨疲労骨折の考察

ファストピッチソフトボール投手にみられた尺骨疲労骨折の考察

整形外科スポーツ医学会誌

整形外科スポーツ医学会誌


Telemetry of human electrocardiograms in aerial and aquqtic environments

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering


An auscultatory recording method for blood pressure measurement during exercise

For inspective determination of blood pressure at rest and during exercise, simultaneous recordings of cuff pressure, Korotkov's sounds, and ECG by an electromagnetic oscillograph were necessary. We devised an apparatus in line with the requirement. Results obtained using this apparatus demonstrate that the auscultatory recording method is suitable to determine the blood pressure during submaximal bicycle exercise.


Changes in Systolic Time Intervals in Bicycle Exercise

運動時の左室収縮時間の変動

J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima

徳島大学教養部紀要(保健体育)


Comparison of calculated maximal oxygen intake adjusted to the factors of age and maximal heart rate using Astrand and Ryhming nomogram

最大酸素摂取量の年齢および最高心拍数補正による推定値の比較検討 ーオストランドのノモグラムの場合ー

オストランドのノモグラムによる最大酸素摂取量(VO2max)の補正方法について検討した．男子大学生陸上競技部員の場合，年齢で補正した場合は実測VO2max値より大きくなる傾向を示し，実測最高心拍数や推定最高心拍数で補正した場合は実測VO2max値より小さくなる傾向を示した．そこで年齢と推定最高心拍数での補正値を平均すると実測VO2max値と良く一致する結果が得られたことを報告した．

徳島大学教養部紀要(保健体育)


An examination of measuring cardiac output during exercise by impedance method

インピーダンス法による運動時心拍出量測定の検討

インピーダンス法で運動時の心拍数と一回拍出量を測定し，両者の値の積より求めた心拍出量の値について検討した．その結果，軽，中運動では心拍数と一回拍出量には有意な相関が見られ，心拍出量は一定の値を示したが，高強度の運動では心拍数と一回拍出量には有意な相関はなく，心拍出量は大きく異なる値を示し，測定上の問題があることを示唆していた．

徳島大学教養部紀要(保健体育)


長距離走者の安静時左心室収縮時間

長距離走者の安静時左心室収縮時間

男子長距離走者16名の安静時の左室収縮時相を測定検討した．QS2は従来報告されている回帰式にほぼ一致した．LVETはほぼ1SD内に位置するが，回帰式より小さい値を示す傾向にあり，心筋収縮力の大きいことを示唆していた．またPEPは回帰式より大きい値を示す傾向にあり，一回拍出量の大きいことが影響していることを示唆していた．

徳島大学教養部紀要(保健体育)


A Study of Floater Serve in Volleyball : The relation of ball initial speed and arm swing speed

バレーボールにおけるフロータサーブの研究-ボール初速度と腕スイング速度との関係

バレーボールのフローターサーブの初速度と腕スイング速度をイス座位と立位の姿勢条件で測定した．座位ではボール速度は腕速度の0.9以下であるが，立位ではその比は0.9以上になる．すなわちサーブ時の体重移動の効果を証明した．ボール初速度はバレーボール部員では約17m/secであったことも報告した．

Journal of gakugei, Tokushima University. Educational science

徳島大学学芸紀要(教育科学)


The changes of systole and diastole of heart at incremental load works on a bicycle ergometer in men

自転車エルゴメータによる漸増負荷作業時の心臓収縮期および弛緩期の変動

心収縮時間を収縮時間と弛緩時間に分けて，運動強度に比例して増加する心拍数について，両時間の変動を測定し検討した．安静時は弛緩時間の占める割合が全体の約2/3で，収縮時間は約1/3であるが，運動による心拍数増加と共に弛緩時間は急減に減少し，収縮時間は徐々に減少する．心拍数150拍/分では弛緩時間が約1/3になり，収縮時間は約2/3になるという安静時とは逆転する結果となった．そして心拍数約90拍/分で両時間はほぼ等しくなることを報告した．

徳島大学教養部紀要(保健体育)


On the systolic time intervals during breath holding

息こらえ時の息こらえ時の左心室収縮時間について

息こらえ時の左室収縮時相(電気的機械的左室収縮時間(QS2)，左室駆出時間(LVET)，駆出前期(PEP)，PEP/LVET)を測定し，その結果を軽運動時の場合と比較することにより，息こらえ時の心臓の活動を検討した．息こらえ時と軽運動時の同一心拍数において，息こらえでは左室の弛緩時間(=RR-QS2)は短く，すなわち収縮時間が長くなることを示し，運動時との心臓自律神経の作用の違いを報告した．

徳島大学教養部紀要(保健体育)


Maximum Muscular Exertion in Relation to Various Sizes of Lung Volume

筋力発揮と肺容量との関係を検討するために肺容量をスパイロメータで定量的に計測して，その時の上腕屈曲力を測定した．その結果，肺容量の大小に関係なく上腕屈曲力はほぼ一定であったことを報告した．

J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima


Influence of running pace upon performance: effects upon oxygen intake, blood lactate, and rating of perceived exertion.

Three different techniques of middle distance running (fast/slow, slow/fast, and steady pace) have been compared in terms of oxygen intake, blood lactate and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). The subjects (10 middle distance and long distance male runners) carried out the three patterns of running on the laboratory threadmill according to a randomly ordered sequence, on each occasion covering 1400 m in 4 min. The fast/slow protocol resulted in a rapid and sustained on-transient of oxygen intake, less lactate accumulation, and a lower rating of perceived exertion during the final 2 min of th4 min run. Physiological data thus support coaching impressions of the superiority of the fast/slow protocol.

トレッドミルでの前半に速く後半は遅い速度(タイプ1)，前半は遅く後半は速い速度(タイプ2)，そして一定速度(タイプ3)でのランニングにおける酸素消費量，血中乳酸濃度，そして主観的強度(RPE)を調べた．その結果タイプ1において終了時の血中乳酸濃度は有意に低く，またRPEも小さい値を示すことを報告した．

Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences


肺容量が安静時吸息位および最大呼息位での怒責を伴う場合と伴わない場合の息こらえ時の心拍数，一回拍出量および毎分心拍出量の変動を調べた．心拍数は時間経過と共に減少する傾向を示すが，一回拍出量は途中から増加傾向を示す．しかし，毎分心拍出量は，心拍数の減少が大きいために，時間と共に減少することを報告した．

J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima

徳島大学教養部紀要(保健体育)


Mechanical Efficiency in Pedalling a Bicycle Ergometer

自転車ペダリング時の機械的効率

自転車ペダリング時のエネルギー消費量の推定精度を高めるために，自転車エルゴメータでの機械的仕事量と酸素消費量は2次式に良く適合する事から機械的効率を求めた．その結果，ペダル回転数は影響しないことや運動時酸素消費量から安静時酸素消費量を引いた条件での効率は，500kgm/分という中程度の強度で約25%の値を示すことを報告した.

徳島大学学芸紀要(教育科学)


Cardiac cycle in mercury breath holding test

加圧止息時の心拍周期変動について

水銀血圧計を利用して，20，40，60，80mmの高さまで吹き上げた状態で止息した時の心拍変動(RR間隔)を時間経過を追って調べた．RR間隔は加圧止息を始めると直ちに短縮する(心拍数増加)が，5秒ほどで延長する(心拍数減少)．その後は除脈を示す例や心拍数増加，減少を繰り返すパーターンなど，個人より異なることや加圧条件の高い場合に心拍数は高くなる傾向を示すことを報告した．

徳島大学教養部紀要(保健体育)


運動選手の有酸素的作業能力

運動選手の有酸素的作業能力

運動選手を長距離走群と非長距離走群の2群に分けて有酸素的作業能力を比較検討した．比較項目はPhysical resourceとしての最大酸素摂取量，PWC170，そしてPerformance test としての2400m走の3つである．その結果，長距離走群はいずれも高い値を示すが，Physical resourceよりはPerformance testにおいてその差が大きいことを報告している．

徳島大学学芸紀要(教育科学)

徳島大学学芸紀要(教育科学)


力を発揮するときに呼吸を吸気相で止息することを確認してから，その意義を検討するために肺容量を大きい場合と小さい場合，すなわち吸気条件と呼気条件での条件を設定して，最大握力と単純反応時間を比較した．その結果，握力は吸気条件で呼気条件より有意に高いことがわかった．しかし，単純反応時間には有意な差は見られなかった．この現象は筋力発揮時の腹腔内圧上昇に対する内臓などの防衛動作ではないかという推論を述べている.

徳島大学教養部紀要(保健体育)


中年婦人への自転車エルゴメータによる 50%VO2max 強度の60分間トレーニングの効果

日常生活で特別な運動をしていない41歳から52歳(平均46.3歳)の中年主婦13名を対象に自転車エルゴメータによる50%VO2max強度で60分間の運動を週3回，10週間行った場合のトレーニングの結果を報告したものである．結果としてVO2maxは約10%増加したが，その他，体重，皮下脂肪厚，周囲径が減少したことや不定愁訴(更年期障害)が改善されたことなどを報告した．


Energy regulation during contration of human muscles

人体筋収縮時のエネルギー発生調節について

慣性負荷法での加速状態と重力負荷法での等速状態での筋収縮におけるエネルギー発生には同様なメカニズムがあ関連しているという仮説の基に，等速状態での測定値を加速状態での筋収縮に基づいたエネルギー発生の式にあてはめて検討した．その結果は仮説は適合しないということで，筋収縮という同じ様式でも等速と加速状態での筋収縮はエネルギー発生のメカニズムが異なるという結論に至った．

徳島大学教養部紀要(保健体育)


自転車運動による 50%VO2max, 60分間トレーニングが成人女子におよぼす影響

成人女性9名(27-38歳，平均33.2歳)を対象に50%VO2max強度で60分間の運動を週3回，10週間行った場合のトレーニングの結果を報告したものである．VO2maxとVO2max/wtはそれぞれ9.6%と12.4%増加したこと，VO2-HR関係，HR-Work関係には有意な変化は見られなかったことなどを報告した．


ペダリングからみた調整力の実験研究

ペダリングからみた調整力の実験研究

神経系機能の要素の一つである調整力をペダリングから検討した論文である．この方法は回転車輪を16等分した部分に反射板を貼り，そこからの光の反射をパルスとして記録するというアイデアで実験は実施された．最大回転速度は20歳前後でピークに達すること，その値は小学1年で約10m/sec，20歳では20m/secであったこと，最大回転速度は持久的トレーニングで増大することなどを報告した．


縄とび運動のエネルギー代謝について

縄とび運動のエネルギー代謝について

縄跳び運動時の運動強度を測定報告した論文である．この研究での特色は縄跳びという呼気ガスを採集できないと考えられていた運動状態での測定を呼気ガス採集管(蛇管)にロープを取り付けて縄跳び運動中に連続的に測定可能にするというアイデアから成功した実験である．1回旋1跳躍，1回旋2跳躍，駆け足跳びの3条件で，酸素摂取水準はそれぞれ，63.7-78.0%，57.5-76.3%，56.8-67.2%であったことを報告した．

Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine


筑紫山脈系および福岡平野住民の発育発達の比較

筑紫山脈系および福岡平野住民の発育発達の比較

農山村部の小学校の児童の体格，体力を調べ，都市部の小学生と比較として生活環境の影響を検討した論文(特集版)である． この研究の特色は，山村部地域での地理的高低に着目し通学路の標高を調べ標高別に有酸素的作業能力を比較した点である．ここでは標高の高い地域の児童の有酸素的作業能力が高いことを報告し，通学時の身体活動が体力に影響していることを明らかにした．

Journal of Health, Physical Education and Recreation


The accuracy of the indirect methods of measuring maximal oxygen intake for Japanese adult females

運動強度の決定や健康度の指標として利用される最大酸素摂取量を最大下負荷テストで推定する方法を検討した論文である．これまで報告されている最大酸素摂取量推定式はオストランドの式やマルガリアの式があるが，これは外国人のデータである．体型の違う日本人にふさわしい推定式を21歳から64歳までの37名の成人女性のデータから検討した．その結果，推定の誤差が10%以内になる式を見いだした．


Effect of indigestible dextrin intake on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in exercise

難消化性デキストリン摂取が軽運動時における糖・脂質代謝に及ぼす影響

It has been reported that dextrin (DX) has an effect of inhibition from elevation of blood glucose concentration after taking a meal. A little increase of blood glucose concentration after the meal would notaccelerate secretion of insulin from the pancreas, so that, the blood insulin concentration may not elevate somuch after the meal. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of DX intake with light meal on carbohydrate and fat metabolism in light intensity exercise. Eight young male subjects participated in this study. They took the light meal one hour before exercise, and performed a 30-min exercise at light intensity of heart sound breaking point on a cycle ergometer under two conditions of taking the meal with and without DX. Heart rate, oxygen consumption, plasma lactate (LA), plasma glucose (BG) and plasma free fatty acid (FFA), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were determined at before meal, start of exercise after 60 minutes of taking the meal, midpoint of exercise (15-min point), end of exercise (30-min point) and recovery phase after 15 minutes from cessation of the exercise. Average heart rate were 126.3 (SD; 11.3) and 122.8 (10.1) bpm during exercises with and without DX, respectively (not significant). Oxygen consumptions were 1.18 (0.24) and 1.16 (0.22) 1/min during exercises with and without DX, respectively (not significant). LA showed same values (1.8 (0.6)mM) in both conditions (not significant). BG showed significantly low values in DX condition at start and end of exercise and recovery phase than that in non-DX condition. FFA showed also significantly low values in DX condition at start and end of exercise and recovery phase than that in non-DX condition. These results indicate that DX inhibit absorption of BG not only at rest but also during exercise, and intake of DX with a meal may affect to elevate FFA intake to active muscle during exercise.

Natural Science Research, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima

徳島大学総合科学部自然科学研究


Comparison of cardiac diastolic time in exercise calculated by cubic regression equation in relation to age and fitness level

運動時心弛緩時間変動の3次回帰式による年齢および体力水準による相違の比較検討

Cardiac cycle is divided to two phases, systolic and diastolic phase. Diastolic time (DT) correlates with the degree of coronary circulation. Systolic time (ST) is determined as interval of first heart sound (S1) and second heart sound (S2), DT is determined from the equation of [RR interval-ST]. Obara et al have reported that ST and DT fit well a cubic regression equation in relation to RR interval that converged to the origin of the coordinates. The purpose of this study is to compare the percent of DT for RR interval (%DT) at the same HR during exercise among persons of different age and fitness. Subjects were 9 aged low fit persons (ALF), 8 aged high fit persons (AHF) and 8 young male students (YHF). The exercise test was performed on a cycle ergometer with an incremental loading method. %DT at HR 110bpm was compared among three groups. At HR 110bpm, the mean %DTs (SD) were 47.2 (2.2)%, 54.7 (4.9)%, 56.0 (1.5)% in three groups of ALF, AHF and YHF, respectively. The %DT in ALF were significantly lower than that in AHF and YHF. However, there was no significant difference of %DT between AHF and YHF. These results indicate that low fitness aged person appear to reach below 50% of %DT at HR 110bpm. Furthermore these results demonstrate the importance of evaluating the cardiac diastolic time during exercise..

心周期は大きく収縮期と弛緩期の2相に分けられるが，心周期の短縮は，弛緩期の短縮に依存することが知られている.小原らは収縮時間(ST)と弛緩時間(DT)はRR間隔に対して原点を通る3次式に非常に良く適合することを報告している.本研究では，若者，中高年者，および心臓等の疾患歴を有する中高年低体力者を被検者として，サイクルエルゴメータでの運動負荷テスト時の心電図(ECG)と心音図(PCG)記録を行った.ECGとPCGの記録はA/D変換器を通して1kHzでパソコンに取り込んだ.この測定で得られたSTとDTを同一心拍数(同一RR間隔)における心弛緩時間の比較から心機能の評価を行い，若者と中高年高体力者との間には有意差は見られないが，中高年低体力者の弛緩時間は，若者と中高年高体力者と比較して有意に短いことを確認した.

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告(MEとバイオサイバネティックス)


Effects of stretch-shortening cycle exercise to exhaustion on the contractile properties of the triceps surae muscle and injury-related parameters

疲労困憊に至る伸張-短縮サイクル運動が下腿三頭筋の収縮特性及び損傷指標に及ぼす影響

The repeated heel-raiseis a typical stretch-shortening cyc1e (SSC) exercise. The exercise is not only performed in resistance training but also used for evaluating muscular strength in c1inical settings. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of repeated heel-raise exercise to a volitional exhaustion on contractile properties of the triceps surae muscle and parameters reflecting muscle injury.Five Healthy university students with no orthopedic disorders served as subjects. Each subject performed two exercises. ln SSC condition，the subjects repeated the SSC exercise every 2 seconds to volitional exhaustion. ln the IS0 condition，they repeated the same number of an isometric exercise as that of the SSC exercise.In the SSC condition，the subjects exhausted after repeating the exercise 28.6 times. At exhaustion，maximal torque developing capacity decreased significantly and the decrease was accompanied by a tendency of a lower median power frequency of the EMG signals. A significantly higher lactate concenlration was also observed. On the other hand，the ISO exercise induced no significant changes in these parameters.In the SSC condition，the decreased maximal torque developing capacity at exhaustion remained one hour and even one day following the exhausting exercise. The circumference of the lower extremity became larger significantly at exhaustion as compared with the pre-exercise values and remained higher one hour and one day after the exercise. The pressure threshold for pain in the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle and the muscle-tendon junction of the triceps surae muscle became significantlylower compared with pre-exercise value one hour or one day following the exercise. Muscle painevaluated using visual analog scale f1uctuated and the higher value was observed at exhaustion and one day after SSC exercise. ln the ISO condition，no significant changes in these parameters were observed.The results of the present study indicated that the SSC exercise had more profound effects oncontractile properties， myo-electrical signals and injury-related parameters than the ISO exercise.Furthermore, the results suggest that，even in a relatively small number of repetitions，repeated heel-raise, at ypical SSC exercise，induces as light muscle injury.

Journal of Human Sciences and Arts, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究


Research of the walking and/or running for raising quality of life(QOL)

生活のQOLを高めることを目指したウオーキング・ランニングの在り方に関する総合的研究

A walking and/or running for raising quality of life (QOL) was studied from the face of exercise physiology，exercise biochemistry，sport sociology. Three experiments and a survey were carried out to achieve the purpose. The results were summarized as follows:1) The running program in the long time was effective in the decrease of body fat percentage， the decrease of body weight as overweight person， and also in the increase of muscular endurance.2) Appropriate BMI and muscular endurance are important for the marathon race.3) Accelerometer steps per day did not significantly for correlate to body composition，health-related parameters in blood or serum adipocytokine levels.4) Each subject ofthe walk exercise must be examined from the coordination ability.5) A exercise class rises the Self-efficacy(SE)，and the individual group activity iseffective to maintain the SE.

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究


A Research on Participants of Honolulu Marathon Regarding the Preparation and Actual Condition of the Race

ホノルルマラソン参加者の準備状況とレースの実態に関する調査研究

This paper intends to describe the results of a questionnaire survey conducted among the participants of the 34th Honolulu Marathon that was held on 11th of December, 2005 in Hawaii. Before the event, most of the participants from Tokushima Prefecture took part in the training programs offered through local extra-mural courses, and the survey was carried out among this type of people. The varied responses were 207. The ratio of men to women was one-on-one and their average age was 46. Half of them had no prior experiences of jogging and 7 out of 10 people have answered that it was going to be the first time that they would challenge a full marathon. On average, they practiced jogging 3 times a week, 1 hour each. The distance of their jogging practice a month was about 150km on average in October and November 2005. The longest distance in the training was 26km per practice. As for their chief purposes of the race, the largest number of people, which accounted for 46%, answered that they would wish to finish in a target time. The average of goal time was 5 hours 29 minutes. Half of the participants answered (their performances were) 'worse than expected'. Likewise, those who commented their running speeds became slower in the latter half of the race, those who walked, and those who felt a lack of their energies roughly accounted for half of the participants. The worst five points of pains that the participants had experienced were in front of thigh, back of thigh, calf, ball of the foot and knee, and most of them began to feel these pains after they reached 20km. On the following morning of the race, fewer people expressed that they had had a fever, a headache or a diarrhea. On the other hand, two third felt muscle soreness in the front of their thighs, while half felt muscle soreness in their calf. Moreover, one out of three participants felt pains in their knees. It is found that whether one has practiced long distance or not before the race is one of the prime factors for causing physical pains during the race. Compared to those who had practiced more than 30km, those who had practiced less than 21.5km tended to feel more pains in thighs, knees, calf, and bottoms of their foot and so forth after they reached 20km. It is pointed out that sleeping time of the day before the race has had no obvious influence upon the performance of the race.

2005年12月11日に開催された第34回JALホノルルマラソンに参加したランナーに対してアンケート調査を実施した．調査対象者はホノルルマラソンに向けたトレーニングプログラムの参加者であり,207名から回答を得た．男女比は1:1で,平均年齢は46歳,半数がジョギング未経験者で7割がフルマラソン未経験であった．ジョギングの練習は平均で,週3回,約1時間行っていた．10月・11月の月間走行距離は150kmで,1回の練習における最長距離は26kmであった．ホノルルマラソンの最大の目標は「目標タイムで走る」が46%で最も多かった．ゴールタイムの平均は5時間29分で,半数が「思ったよりも走れなかった」と回答した．後半かなり遅くなった人,歩いた人,エネルギー切れを感じた人がそれぞれ約半数いた．太もも前側,太もも裏側,ふくらはぎ,足の裏,膝がレース中に痛みを感じた部位のトップ5であり,20kmを越えてから痛みを感じる割合が急増していた．レースの翌日に発熱や頭痛,下痢などの症状があった人はわずかであった．3分の2が太ももの前側に筋肉痛を感じていて,半数がふくらはぎに筋肉痛があった．また3分の1が膝の痛みを感じていた．長距離練習を実施したか否かがレース中の身体の痛みの出現の大きな要因となっていると考えられる．21.5km未満の練習しか行っていない群では,30km以上の練習を行った群に比べて,20kmを越えると太ももや膝,ふくらはぎ,足の裏などに痛みを感じる人が多かった．レース前日の睡眠時間の多少はレースのパフォーマンスに影響を与えないことが示された．

徳島大学大学開放実践センター紀要


起立性調節障害と自律神経活動および心臓不整脈基質との関連

起立性調節障害と自律神経活動および心臓不整脈基質との関連


60分間ペダリング運動時の外耳道温と局所発汗量の変動

60分間ペダリング運動時の外耳道温と局所発汗量の変動

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究


複合運動後回復期における血圧の推移

複合運動後回復期における血圧の推移

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究


多段階負荷運動時の外耳道温の変化

多段階負荷運動時の外耳道温の変化

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究


初期短時間高強度運動がその後の軽強度運動での代謝に及ぼす影響

初期短時間高強度運動がその後の軽強度運動での代謝に及ぼす影響

短時間の高強度運動直後に50%VO2maxで30分間運動した際の呼吸交換率，HRの応答の特性を明らかにしようとした．その結果，初期短時間高強度運動後の軽運動時の呼吸交換率が低い傾向がみられ，脂質代謝の増大が示唆された．

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究


中程度の強度の運動と運動後の食事が心拍数および代謝産物レベルに与える影響について

一般の トレ-ニンク でよく採用される中程度の運動と，運動後の回復期に摂取する食事が代謝に及ぼす影響を検討した．一般のトレ-ニンク でよく採用される最大酸素摂取量の60%強度，30分間の運動は，運動中のみならず運動終了後少なくとも6時間が経過するまでは，代謝を安静時レヘ ル以上に保ち，さらに脂質代謝 の亢進をもたらすことを明らかにした．

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究


最大酸素摂取量と血中成分との関係からみた肥満度の指標について

最大酸素摂取量と血中成分との関係からみた肥満度の指標について

J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima

徳島大学教養部紀要(保健体育)


The relationship between oxygen intake and blood lactate concentration in seven 4-min jumpings with different rhythms

連続跳躍運動(その場跳躍)における跳躍頻度と酸素摂取量の関係(その2)

その場での連続跳躍における酸素摂取量は跳躍頻度に対して放物線の傾向を示し，120回/分のときに最大値を示した．跳躍頻度の増加に対して，接地時間は120回/分の跳躍頻度まで急激な減少を示したが，滞空時間には大きな変動が認められなかった．また，1分間当たりの総滞空時間と総接地時間は跳躍頻度90回/分を境にして異なる曲線傾向を示した．

徳島大学教養部紀要(保健体育)


30分間自転車ペダリング運動に伴う脳波変動

30分間自転車ペダリング運動に伴う脳波変動

徳島大学教養部紀要(保健体育)


α波バイオフィードバックにおける脳波周波数成分の変動について

α波バイオフィードバックにおける脳波周波数成分の変動について

徳島大学教養部紀要(保健体育)


動作肢の同側及び反対側大脳半球における大脳誘発電位の左右差について

動作肢の同側及び反対側大脳半球における大脳誘発電位の左右差について

反応動作において予告刺激及び動作駆動刺激により誘発される大脳誘発電位のうち視覚誘発電位，聴覚誘発電位の大脳半球間における左右差について検討を行った．予告刺激による大脳誘発電位と比較して動作駆動刺激によるものは，振幅の減少を示し，これは反応動作条件で著名であった．しかし，動作駆動刺激による大脳誘発電位のうち，視覚誘発電位の二次的成分と聴覚誘発電位は非対称性を示し，動作肢の対側大脳半球において振幅が優勢であり，しかもこの傾向は皮質運動野において限局されて見られた．以上のことから運動関連電位に見られるような反応動作肢支配の当該大脳半球における準備状態は感覚入力系においても見られることが示唆された．

徳島大学教養部紀要(保健体育)


跳躍動作における万歩計測定値とエネルギー代謝量の関係について

跳躍動作における万歩計測定値とエネルギー代謝量の関係について

跳躍リズム80-190/分で3分間の跳躍動作を行い，その時の跳躍数，万歩計値，心拍数，酸素摂取量を測定した．跳躍リズムが速くなるに従い，心拍数，運動中の酸素摂取量，酸素需要量は減少する傾向を示した．そこで床反力記録から1跳躍当たりの動作時間(筋収縮時間)と滞空時間(筋弛緩時間)を測定し，エネルギー代謝量について検討した．跳躍リズムの増加に伴い，滞空時間はなだらかに直線的に減少する傾向を示すが，動作時間は急激に曲線的に減少する傾向を示した．そして1分間当たりの酸素需要量と酸素摂取量は動作時間と有意な正の相関を示すことから，跳躍数はエネルギー消費量を正しく示しているわけではないことを報告した．

徳島大学教養部紀要(保健体育)


3種の動作における万歩計測定値と実測歩数との関係について

3種の動作における万歩計測定値と実測歩数との関係について

様々な動きを万歩計が正確に捉えているかを測定検討した．前後走における実測歩数値と万歩計値との間には有意な相関が見られたが，反復横跳と垂直跳びの動作では有意な相関は見られなかった．万歩計値/実測歩数値の比は垂直跳びで1.2，前後走で1.1で，反復横跳では0.8であったことを報告した．

徳島大学教養部紀要(保健体育)