Continuous microwave-assisted step-by-step extraction of bioactive water-soluble materials and fucoidan from brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida waste


Effects of Tween Series and Agar Additives on Mycelia Biomass and β-Glucan Production by Hericium erinaceus in Submerged Culture


Cellulase production on easy-to-handle solid media containing agricultural waste and its application for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass


Microwave-assisted hydrolysis of cellulose in towel and wheat straw using freeze-thawing with NaOH


Novel sterilization method combining food preservative use and low temperature steaming for treatment of lignocellulosic biomass with white rot fungi


Microwave-assisted hydrolysis of cotton waste to glucose in combination with the concentrated sulfuric acid impregnation method


Ethanol Production from Sugarcane Bagasse Using Pressurized Microwave Treatment with Inorganic Salts and Salt-Tolerant Yeast


Effects of Hydrothermal Methods such as Steam Explosion and Microwave Irradiation on Extraction of Water Soluble Antioxidant Materials from Garlic Husk


Glucose and Valuable Chemicals Production from Cotton Waste Using Hydrothermal Method


Isolation and identification of an angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide from pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata) shell protein hydrolysate


High concentration ethanol production from mixed softwood sawdust waste


Microwave-assisted glucose production from bode (Styrax tonkinensis) woody biomass for bioethanol production

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management


Total biorefinery process of lignocellulosic waste using steam explosion followed by water and acetone extractions


Production of cellulose nanofibers from Aspen and Bode chopsticks using a high temperature and high pressure steam treatment combined with milling

Holocellulose was generated from Aspen and Bode chopsticks by high temperature, high pressure steam treatment combined with milling. The steam treatment conditions were increased, the holocellulose component ratio in the treated sample as well as its molecular weight decreased. The treated holocellulose was subjected to grinder treatment to obtain cellulose nanofibers (CNF). Field-emission scanning electron micrographs indicated that CNF were successfully produced. The maximum tensile strength values of 86.9 and 109.9 MPa/(g/cm) for Aspen and Bode, respectively, were obtained at a steam pressure of 15 atm and steaming time of 5 min. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the optimal molecular weight of holocellulose to produce CNF with high tensile strength was around 1.2 × 10, while the optimal holocellulose recovery rate (HR; the degree of fibrillation was defined as HR in this study) was around 1.00.


Characterization of cellulose nanofiber from steam exploded Japanese cedar


Cholininum ionic liquid/cosolvent pretreatment for enhancing enzymatic saccharification of sugarcane bagasse


Total utilization of Japanese pear tree prunings: extraction of arbutin and production of bioethanol


Influence of alkali treatment on mechanical properties of poly lactic acid bamboo fiber green composites


Comparison of choline acetate ionic liquid pretreatment with variouspretreatments for enhancing the enzymatic saccharification ofsugarcane bagasse


Chemical characteristics and enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass treated using high-temperature saturated steam: Comparison of softwood and hardwood

This study investigated the effect of high-temperature saturated steam treatments on the chemical characteristics and enzymatic saccharification of softwood and hardwood. The weight loss and chemical modification of cedar and beech wood pieces treated at 25, 35, and 45 atm for 5 min were determined. Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that solubilization and removal of hemicellulose and lignin occurred by the steam treatment. The milling treatment of steam-treated wood enhanced its enzymatic saccharification. Maximum enzymatic saccharification (i.e., 94% saccharification rate of cellulose) was obtained using steam-treated beech at 35 atm for 5 min followed by milling treatment for 1 min. However, the necessity of the milling treatment for efficient enzymatic saccharification is dependent on the wood species.


Functionalization of the active ingredients of Japanese green tea (Camellia sinensis) for the synthesis of bio-based epoxy resin


Epoxy resin synthesis using low molecular weight lignin separated from various lignocellulosic materials

A low molecular weight lignin from various lignocellulosic materials was used for the synthesis of bio-based epoxy resins. The lignin extracted with methanol from steam-exploded samples (steaming time of 5 min at steam pressure of 3.5 MPa) from different biomasses (i.e., cedar, eucalyptus, and bamboo) were functionalized by the reaction with epichlorohydrin, catalyzed by a water-soluble phase transfer catalyst tetramethylammonium chloride, which was further reacted with 30 wt% aqueous NaOH for ring closure using methyl ethyl ketone as a solvent. The glycidylated products of the lignin with good yields were cured to epoxy polymer networks with bio-based curing agents i.e., lignin itself and a commercial curing agent TD2131. Relatively good thermal properties of the bio-based epoxy network was obtained and thermal decomposition temperature at 5% weight loss (Td5) of cedar-derived epoxy resin was higher than that derived from eucalyptus and bamboo. The bio-based resin satisfies the stability requirement of epoxy resin applicable for electric circuit boards. The methanol-insoluble residues were enzymatically hydrolyzed to produce glucose. This study indicated that the biomass-derived methanol-soluble lignin may be a promising candidate to be used as a substitute for petroleum-based epoxy resin derived from bisphenol A, while insoluble residues may be processed to give a bioethanol precursor i.e., glucose.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules


Conversion of steam-exploded cedar into ethanol using simultaneous saccharification, fermentation and detoxification process

In this study, we investigated the simultaneous saccharification, fermentation and detoxification SSDF process of steam-exploded cedar using a detoxification microorganism, Ureibacillus thermosphaericus A1, to facilitate efficient ethanol production. Steam explosion was applied as a pretreatment before enzymatic saccharification followed by alcohol fermentation. The highest glucose conversion rate was observed in the sample pretreated with a steam pressure of 45atm for 5min. Alcohol production by a heat-tolerant yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae BA11, was inhibited strongly by inhibitory materials present in the steam-exploded cedar, such as formic acid, furfural, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The maximum amount of ethanol, i.e., 0.155g ethanol/g dry steam-exploded cedar, which corresponded to 74% of the theoretical ethanol yield, was obtained using the SSDF when U. thermosphaericus A1 degraded the inhibitory materials. A fed batch SSDF culture, in which U. thermosphaericus A1 was used to maintain low concentrations of inhibitory materials, was effective for increasing the ethanol concentration.


Acetone-butanol-ethanol production by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) methods using acorns and wood chips of Quercus acutissima as a carbon source


Extraction of arbutin and its comparative content in branches, leaves, stems, and fruits of Japanese pear Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Kousui

Arbutin is a tyrosinase inhibitor and is extensively used as a human skin-whitening agent. This study investigated the optimum conditions for extracting arbutin by ultrasonic homogenization from discarded branches pruned from Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Kousui) trees. The arbutin content was measured in the branches and also in the leaves, stems, fruit peel, and fruit flesh.

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry


Steam explosion treatment for ethanol production from pear tree prunings by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation

This study investigated the production of ethanol from unutilized branches pruned from pear trees by steam explosion pretreatment. Steam pressures of 25, 35, and 45 atm were applied for 5 min, followed by enzymatic saccharification of the extracted residues with cellulase (Cellic CTec2). High glucose recoveries, of 93.3, 99.7, and 87.1%, of the total sugar derived from the cellulose were obtained from water- and methanol-extracted residues after steam explosion at 25, 35, and 45 tm, respectively. These values corresponded to 34.9, 34.3, and 27.1 g of glucose per 100 g of dry steam-exploded branches. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation experiments were done on water-extracted residues and water- and methanol-extracted residues by Kluyveromyces marxianus NBRC 1777. An overall highest theoretical ethanol yield of 76% of the total sugar derived from cellulose was achieved when 100 g/L of water- and methanol-washed residues from 35 atm-exploded pear branches was used as substrate.


Extraction method for increasing antioxidant activity of raw garlic using steam explosion


Evaluation of epoxy resins synthesized from steam-exploded bamboo lignin


Efficient extraction of starch from microalgae using ultrasonic homogenizer and its conversion into ethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation


Acceleration of Hericium erinaceum mycelia growth in submerged culture using yogurt whey as an alternative nitrogen source

Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology


Evaluation of buckwheat and barley tea wastes as ethanol fermentation substrates

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management


Effects of washing with water on enzymatic saccharification and D-lactic acid production from steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse


Examination of incubation conditions for production of Hericium erinaceum

International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series


Evaluation of waste mushroom medium as a fermentable substrate and bioethanol production


Direct hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose using ultra-high temperature and pressure steam explosion


Effect of steam explosion pretreatment with ultra-high temperature and pressure on effective utilization of softwood biomass


Structural analysis of microbial poly(e-L-lysin)/poly(acrylic acid) complex by FT-IR, DSC and solid state 13C and 15N NMR


Bioassay technique using seed shrimps for comparative studies regarding the aquatic acute lethality of biodegradable lubricants

To evaluate the environmental load resulting from the spillage of biodegradable lubricants in aquatic systems, a comparative acute lethality test wherein an oil-water interfacial area could be examined was considered. In this study, oleic acid was employed as a model biodegradable lubricant. Measurements of the pH value and dissolved oxygen (DO) level of water during the exposure tests indicate that water degradation depends on the oil-water interfacial area, exposure duration, and water temperature. Furthermore, 72 h acute lethality tests were performed using two types of freshwater ostracods (seed shrimps) as test organisms: the large species Stenocypris hislopi and the small species Cypretta seurati. The longevity of the small species, which was physically more active, was strongly affected by water pollution. During the exposure test, the DO in water was significantly consumed by the degradation of the lubricant floating on it. Water exposed to a lubricant containing copper (Cu) demonstrated strong toxicity even after the recovery of the pH value and DO level by aging. The decrease in the DO level of water and increase in the concentration of metal compounds are dominant factors responsible for the mortality of aquatic organisms.


Characterization of the steam-exploded spent Shiitake mushroom medium and its efficient conversion to ethanol

Spent Shiitake mushroom medium was subjected to steam explosion followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using Meicelase and Saccahromyces cerevisiae AM12. Water extraction of the medium exposed to steam at 20 atm for 5 min enhanced the saccharification rate by about 20% compared to steam-exploded medium before water extraction and resulted in the production of 23.8 g/l ethanol from a substrate concentration of 100g/l. This corresponded to 87.6% of the theoretical ethanol yield, i.e., 15.9 g ethanol was obtained from 100g of spent Shiitake mushroom medium. Spent Shiitake mushroom medium subjected to steam explosion and then water extraction appears to be a candidate for efficient bioconversion to ethanol.


Surface carbohydrate analysis and bioethanol production of sugarcane bagasse pretreated with the white rot fungus, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and microwave hydrothermolysis

Effects of pretreatments with a white rot fungus, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, and microwave hydrothermolysis of bagasse on enzymatic saccharification and fermentation were evaluated. The best sugar yield, 44.9 g per 100g of bagasse was obtained by fungal treatments followed by microwave hydrothermolysis at 180°C for 20 min. Fluorescent-labeled carbohydrate-binding modules which recognize crystalline cellulose (CjCBM3-GFP), non-crystalline cellulose (CjCBM28-GFP) and xylan (CtCBM22-GFP) were applied to characterize the exposed polysaccharides. The microwave pretreatments with and without the fungal cultivation resulted in similar levels of cellulose exposure, but the combined treatment caused more defibration and thinning of the plant tissues. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the pulp fractions obtained by microwave hydrothermolysis with and without fungal treatment, gave ethanol yields of 35.8% and 27.0%, respectively, based on the holocellulose content in the pulp. These results suggest that C. subvermispora pretreatment could be beneficial part of the process to produce ethanol from bagasse.


Application of Biomass-Derived Epoxy Resin Composition for Molding Compounds

バイオマス由来エポキシ樹脂組成物の成形材料への適用


Ethanol production from disposable aspen chopsticks using delignification pretreatments


Bioprocess development of the production of the mutant P-219-L human D-amino acid oxidase for high soluble fraction expression in recombinant Escherichia coli


Bioconversion of Soy Sauce Residue Treated with Steam Explosion into Ethanol by Meicelase and Mucor indicus


Development of efficient system system for ethanol production from paper sludge pretreatment by ballmilling and phosphoric acid


Effective enzyme saccharification and ethanol production from Japanese cedar using various pretreatment methods

We investigated an effective method for the pretreatment of Japanese cedar for efficient enzymatic saccharification and ethanol production. A 45-atm steam explosion provided a comparatively large amount of glucose and reducing sugars. Addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) influenced the digestibility of holocellulose in a 35-atm steam-exploded sample. However, we observed a negative effect on enzymatic saccharification when sodium hydroxide was used in the pretreatment. The maximum values of glucose and reducing sugars produced using consecutive pretreatments with a 25-atm steam explosion and an ionic liquid were 408 and 462 mg/(g initial dry sample), respectively. The most positive effects on the enzymatic saccharification kinetics were observed when the above consecutive pretreatment methods were used. However, using the organosolv treatment of wood chips without the steam explosion is a more cost-effective pretreatment method for the enzymatic saccharification of Japanese cedar, and this results in 386 and 426 mg/(g initial dry sample) of glucose and reducing sugars, respectively.

Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering


Alkaline peroxide pretreatment for efficient enaymatic saccharification of bamboo


Utilization of Various Fruit Juices as Carbon Source for Production of Bacterial Cellulose by Acetobacter xylinum NBRC 13693


Ethanol Production from Paper Sludge by Immobilized Zymomonas mobilis


Development of effective utilization method of lignin from rice straw

Transaction of the Materials Research Society of Japan


Novel extraciton method of antioxidant compounds from Sasa palmata (Bean) Nakai using steam explosion


Aggregation behavior of dabsylated poly(-L-Lysine) in aqueous DMSO solution


水溶液中におけるダブシルアミノ酸の会合挙動

水溶液中におけるダブシルアミノ酸の会合挙動

A series of dabsylated amino acids (Dabs-AA) were prepared and their aggregation behavior in aqueous solution was studied by UV/Vis absorption and CD spectroscopies. Dabs-AAs show pH-dependent absorption in the visible region, characteristic of the dimethylamio azobenzene chromophore in a dilute aqueous solution. Upon increasing the concentration of Dabs-AAs, the visible absorption around 500nm of the Dabs-AA monomer decreased its intensity, and a new band due to the Dabs-AA dimer appeared in the 360∼400nm region. Dimer formation depended on the DMSO co-solvent concentration, the solution temperature and the R-groups of amino acids. A split-type induced CD spectrum was observed for the dimer absorption band of Dabs-L-Phe at 363nm : a negative first Cotton effect at 379nm and a positive second Cotton effect at 359nm. These results indicate that a pair of Dabs-L-Phe molecules were stacked with negative exciton chirality.

ダブシルクロリド(Dabs-Cl)は, 高速液体クロマトグラフィーなどによるタンパク質分析の際のアミノ酸標識剤である.著者らは, Dabs-Clで標識された一連のダブシル化アミノ酸(Dabs-AA)を合成し, 紫外可視吸収スペクトル及び円二色性(CD)スペクトルを測定し, Dabs-AAの水溶液中での会合挙動を検討した.希薄水溶液では, Dabs-AAの可視部の吸収はジメチルアミノアゾベンゼン色素特有のpH依存性を示す.Dabs-AAの濃度上昇に伴い, 500nm付近のDabs-AAのモノマー由来の吸収は減少し, 360∼400nm領域にダイマーに由来するピークが観測される.ダイマーの形成は共溶媒として用いたジメチルスルホキシド濃度, 溶液温度及びアミノ酸側鎖(R)に依存する.Dabs-L-Pheの363nmに観測されるダイマーの吸収帯に対応して, 379nmに負の第一コットン効果, 359nmに正の第二コットン効果をもつ強い誘起分裂型CDスペクトルが観測された.これらの結果から水溶液中では, Dabs-L-Pheは負のキラリティーを示す配向でダイマーを形成していることが示唆された.


Crystal structure of 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-sulfonyl-L-tryptophan Dimethylsylfoxide solvate

Analytical Sciences: X-ray Structure Analysis Online


Structure investigation of microbial poly (ϵ-L-Lysine) derivatives with azo dyes by solid-state 13C and 15N NMR


Characterization of microbial poly (ϵ-L-Lysin) by FT-IR, Raman and solid state 13C NMR spectroscopies


Crystal Structure of 2-Trifluoromethyl-4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene