type: misc

label: url

en: Cowden症候群/PTEN過誤腫症候群(.Learning① 遺伝性疾患(遺伝病), 難治性疾患(難病)を学ぶ).

en: 遺伝子医学

ja: 遺伝子医学


en: 遺伝性胃癌:病態解析と診断の進歩 胃腺癌および近位胃ポリポーシス(GAPPS)を中心に.

en: 胃と腸

ja: 胃と腸


en: Overview of Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer.

en: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most clinically challenging cancers worldwide. Over the past few years, new molecular-targeted agents and immunotherapy have markedly improved GC prognosis. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression is a key biomarker in first-line chemotherapy for unresectable advanced GC. Further, the addition of trastuzumab to cytotoxic chemotherapy has extended the overall survival of patients with HER2-positive advanced GC. In HER2-negative GC, the combination of nivolumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, and a cytotoxic agent has been demonstrated to prolong the overall survival of GC patients. Ramucirumab and trifluridine/tipiracil, which are second- and third-line treatments for GC, and trastuzumab deruxtecan, an antibody-drug conjugate for HER2-positive GC, have been introduced in clinics. New promising molecular-targeted agents are also being developed, and combination therapy comprising immunotherapy and molecular-targeted agents is expected. As the number of available drugs increases, it is important to understand the target biomarkers and drug characteristics and select the optimal therapy for each patient. For resectable disease, differences in the extent of standard lymphadenectomy between Eastern and Western countries have led to different standard treatments: perioperative (neoadjuvant) and adjuvant therapy. This review aimed to summarize recent advances in chemotherapy for advanced GC.

en: Journal of Clinical Medicine

ja: Journal of Clinical Medicine


en: Cowden症候群(IV. 各論 消化管ポリポーシス).

ja: Cowden症候群(IV. 各論 消化管ポリポーシス).

en: Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine

ja: 日本臨牀


en: 家族性大腸腺腫症における空腸・回腸腫瘍(IV. 各論 消化管ポリポーシス).

ja: 家族性大腸腺腫症における空腸・回腸腫瘍(IV. 各論 消化管ポリポーシス).


en: Treatment Response Predictors of Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives.

en: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) has been recognized as an effective therapeutic option because it is expected to improve the curative resection rate by reducing the tumor size and preventing recurrence of micrometastases. However, for patients resistant to NAC, not only will operation timing be delayed, but they will also suffer from side effects. Thus, it is crucial to develop a comprehensive strategy and select patients sensitive to NAC. However, the therapeutic effect of NAC is unpredictable due to tumor heterogeneity and a lack of predictive biomarkers for guiding the choice of optimal preoperative treatment in clinical practice. This article summarizes the related research progress on predictive biomarkers of NAC for gastric cancer. Among the many investigated biomarkers, metabolic enzymes for cytotoxic agents, nucleotide excision repair, and microsatellite instability, have shown promising results and should be assessed in prospective clinical trials. Noninvasive liquid biopsy detection, including miRNA and exosome detection, is also a promising strategy.

en: Biomedicines

ja: Biomedicines


en: 【小腸疾患-診断・治療の最新動向-】消化管ポリポーシス Cowden症候群

ja: 【小腸疾患-診断・治療の最新動向-】消化管ポリポーシス Cowden症候群


en: (I章)消化管(上・下) 高齢者に対する癌治療

ja: (I章)消化管(上・下) 高齢者に対する癌治療

en: <最近の動向とガイドライン>●2019年に本邦でも"高齢者のがん薬物療法ガイドライン"が発刊され，高齢者癌治療に対する関心の高まりがみられている．しかし，まだガイドラインに反映されるような十分な大規模研究によるエビデンスが報告されていなかったことから，先頃発刊された「胃癌治療ガイドライン2021」では，高齢の切除不能進行・再発胃癌症例に対しては，患者の状態良好(fit)であれば化学療法を行うことを強く推奨し，それ以外の場合は患者の状態にある無治療を含めた適切な治療選択を勧めるという記載にとどまっている．●一方，「高齢者のがん薬物療法ガイドライン」では，実臨床を反映させ，少し具体的に経口フッ化ピリミジン製剤とシスプラチンは併用せず，オキサリプラチンの併用を提案している．●2021年，英国から，高齢者胃癌における低用量化学療法レジメンの有効性を評価した初めての第III相試験であるGO2試験の結果が報告され，オキサリプラチン+カペシタビン(OX療法)の治療強度を下げることで，抗腫瘍効果に大きな影響を与えることなく，患者のQOLを改善できることが示され，今後の高齢者の胃癌薬物療法に大きな影響を与える結果と考えられる．●大腸癌においては，AVEX試験によりカペシタビンにベバシズマブを併用することでPFSが改善することが報告されて以来，様々な抗癌剤にベバシズマブを併用するレジメンや，比較的忍容性の高いレゴラフェニブやFTD/TPIなどの第II相試験が進められている段階である．したがって，「高齢者のがん薬物療法ガイドライン」では，高齢者切除不能進行再発大腸癌の初回化学療法においてベバシズマブの使用を提案するにとどまっている．一方，full doseのS-1に比べ減量したS-1とオキサリプラチンの併用療法の有効性を示したNORDIC9試験が報告されたことから，胃癌と同様に併用療法を適切に減量投与することが今後の傾向になるであろう．まだエビデンスは少ないが，免疫チェックポイント阻害薬(ICI)は，高齢の消化管癌患者に対するエビデンスも蓄積されつつあり，有望な選択肢となる可能性が高い．●各種ガイドラインにおいて，高齢者の薬物療法の適応，評価は高齢者機能評価(geriatric assessment:GA)を用いて判断されることが推奨されており，今後，OSを評価するだけでなく，生活の質や機能的状態など，高齢の癌患者にとって重要な指標を取り入れた，質の高い臨床試験の推進が望まれる．(著者抄録)

en: 消化器内科学レビュー

ja: 消化器内科学レビュー


en: 化学療法 術前化学療法 治療反応性予測因子(V.胃癌の治療).

ja: 化学療法 術前化学療法 治療反応性予測因子(V.胃癌の治療).


en: Implications of glutathione-S transferase P1 in MAPK signaling as a CRAF chaperone: In memory of Dr. Irving Listowsky.

en: Glutathione-S transferase P1 (GSTP1) is one of the glutathione-S transferase isozymes that belong to a family of phase II metabolic isozymes. The unique feature of GSTP1 compared with other GST isozymes is its relatively high expression in malignant tissues. Thus, clinically, GSTP1 serves as a tumor marker and as a refractory factor against certain types of anticancer drugs through its primary function as a detoxifying enzyme. Additionally, recent studies have identified a chaperone activity of GSTP1 involved in the regulation the function of various intracellular proteins, including factors of the growth signaling pathway. In this review, we will first describe the function of GSTP1 and then extend the details onto its role in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathway, referring to the results of our recent study that proposed a novel autocrine signal loop formed by the CRAF/GSTP1 complex in mutated KRAS and BRAF cancers. Finally, the possibilities of new therapeutic approaches for these cancers by targeting this complex will be discussed.

en: Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences


en: Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) guidelines 2020 for the Clinical Practice of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer.

name: Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon, Rectum

en: Hereditary colorectal cancer (HCRC) accounts for < 5% of all colorectal cancer cases. Some of the unique characteristics commonly encountered in HCRC cases include early age of onset, synchronous/metachronous cancer occurrence, and multiple cancers in other organs. These characteristics necessitate different management approaches, including diagnosis, treatment or surveillance, from sporadic colorectal cancer management. There are two representative HCRC, named familial adenomatous polyposis and Lynch syndrome. Other than these two HCRC syndromes, related disorders have also been reported. Several guidelines for hereditary disorders have already been published worldwide. In Japan, the first guideline for HCRC was prepared by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR), published in 2012 and revised in 2016. This revised version of the guideline was immediately translated into English and published in 2017. Since then, several new findings and novel disease concepts related to HCRC have been discovered. The currently diagnosed HCRC rate in daily clinical practice is relatively low; however, this is predicted to increase in the era of cancer genomic medicine, with the advancement of cancer multi-gene panel testing or whole genome testing, among others. Under these circumstances, the JSCCR guidelines 2020 for HCRC were prepared by consensus among members of the JSCCR HCRC Guideline Committee, based on a careful review of the evidence retrieved from literature searches, and considering the medical health insurance system and actual clinical practice settings in Japan. Herein, we present the English version of the JSCCR guidelines 2020 for HCRC.

en: International Journal of Clinical Oncology


en: Recent Advances in Molecular Imaging of Colorectal Tumors.

en: Recent endoscopic studies have revealed that small colorectal tumors are often overlooked during colonoscopy, indicating that more sensitive detection methods are needed. Molecular imaging has received considerable attention as a new endoscopic technique with high sensitivity. It generally employs a fluorescence-labeled compound that specifically binds to a molecule on the tumor. Fluorescent probes for molecular imaging are largely classified as 2 types: a fluorescence-labeled antibody targeting a molecule specifically expressed on the tumor cell surface such as epidermal growth factor receptor or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); and a fluorescence-labeled small molecule compound targeting a molecule specifically expressed in tumor cells including c-Met, glutathione S-transferase, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, cathepsin, or endothelin A receptor. These probes successfully detected colorectal tumors in several animal studies. Moreover, 3 recent human clinical trials evaluating endoscopic molecular imaging for colorectal tumors have been reported. In one study, a Cy5-labeled synthetic peptide against c-Met was developed, and fluorescent endoscopic observation with this probe detected a greater number of colorectal adenomas than with white light observation. Another trial used IR800-labeled anti-VEGF antibody, which sensitively detected human colorectal adenomas by fluorescent endoscopy. Last, a fluorescent probe with synthetic peptide against BRAF-positive cells was able to visualize sessile serrated lesions. The fluorescent probes accumulated at very high levels in colorectal tumor cells but at lower levels in surrounding nonneoplastic mucosa. Key Messages: We expect that molecular imaging techniques with fluorescent probes will soon lead to the establishment of a highly sensitive endoscopic method for colorectal tumor detection.

en: Digestion

ja: Digestion


en: 小児・成人のためのCowden症候群/PTEN過誤腫症候群診療ガイドライン(2020年版)

en: Journal of Hereditary Tumors

ja: 遺伝性腫瘍


en: Recent Advances in Endoscopic Molecular Imaging of Gastrointestinal Cancer

ja: 総説 がんを標的とした内視鏡分子イメージングの新展開

en: OPTRONICS

ja: OPTRONICS


en: 【消化器疾患のバイオマーカーの有用性と将来】食道癌の診断マーカーの将来

ja: 【消化器疾患のバイオマーカーの有用性と将来】食道癌の診断マーカーの将来

en: 消化器・肝臓内科

ja: 消化器・肝臓内科


en: 【リンチ症候群と遺伝性消化管ポリポーシス】遺伝性消化管ポリポーシス Cowden症候群

en: <文献概要>Cowden症候群は,皮膚・粘膜,消化管,乳腺,甲状腺など全身臓器に過誤腫性病変が多発する常染色体優性遺伝性疾患である.顔面小丘疹,口腔粘膜乳頭腫などの特徴的な皮膚病変を呈し,食道から直腸にいたる全消化管にポリポーシスを高率に合併する.食道に多発する白色扁平隆起は本症の特徴的な所見である.また乳癌などの悪性腫瘍を合併する例も多く,適切なサーベイランスが重要である.診断は,皮膚病変,悪性腫瘍,家族歴などを契機に行われる.有病率は20∼25万人に1人と推定されているが,見逃されている症例も少なくない.原因遺伝子の一つとしてPTEN遺伝子が同定されており,約80

en: Clinical Gastroenterology

ja: 臨床消化器内科


en: 胃癌の内視鏡治療

ja: 胃癌の内視鏡治療

en: The Japanese journal of clinical and experimental medicine

ja: 臨床と研究


en: 腸管の慢性炎症と発癌.

ja: 腸管の慢性炎症と発癌.

en: 別冊Bio Clinica:慢性炎症と疾患

ja: 別冊Bio Clinica:慢性炎症と疾患


en: Endoscopic molecular imaging:current status and future perspectives

ja: 内視鏡分子イメージングの現況と展望

en: Gastroenterological Endoscopy

ja: Gastroenterological Endoscopy


en: 脂質代謝 膵癌と脂肪組織の相互作用.

ja: 脂質代謝 膵癌と脂肪組織の相互作用.

en: KAN TAN SUI

ja: 肝·胆·膵


en: 大腸癌の疫学と基礎 大腸鋸歯状病変のメカニズム.

ja: 大腸癌の疫学と基礎 大腸鋸歯状病変のメカニズム.

en: 臨牀消化器内科

ja: 臨牀消化器内科


en: Ⅲ がん薬物治療薬の作用機序 分子標的治療薬 低分子化合物 スプライジング阻害薬

en: Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine


en: 【StageIV胃癌治療への挑戦】StageIV胃癌に対するDCS療法の意義

ja: 【StageIV胃癌治療への挑戦】StageIV胃癌に対するDCS療法の意義

en: Gastroenterological Surgery

ja: 消化器外科


en: 【胃癌化学療法】進行再発胃癌に対する術前療法としてのDCS療法

ja: 【胃癌化学療法】進行再発胃癌に対する術前療法としてのDCS療法

en: 消化器内科

ja: 消化器内科


en: Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer-experimental and clinical aspects-.

en: Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Therefore, an appropriate prevention strategy should be urgently established. Chemoprevention involves the use of oral agents to suppress the development of cancer. Recent progress in the molecular analysis of colorectal cancer has revealed many candidate molecules for chemoprevention. Many new agents targeting these molecules have also been developed. These agents are largely classified into three categories: 1) Signal transduction modulators including epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor inhibitors, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies, and inhibitors of oncogene products. 2) Epigenetic modulators including peroxisome proliferative activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonists, estrogen receptor (ER)-beta, and histone deacetylase inhibitors. 3) Anti-inflammatory modulators including cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, EP 1-4, and NF-kB. Of these agents, some actually proceeded to human clinical trials, and have been shown to be active chemopreventive agents.

en: The Journal of Medical Investigation : JMI


en: 【早期大腸癌の取り扱い】大腸ポリープの取り扱い どのようなポリープを取るか，取った後どうするか

en: 大腸ポリープの大部分を占める腺腫は前癌病変であることから，基本的に内視鏡的切除の適応である．ただし，腫瘍径5mm未満の微小ポリープについては必ずしも切除する必要はないと思われる．また，大腸ポリープ切除後のサーベイランスについては米国でガイドラインが発表されており，腺腫の個数，サイズ，組織学的悪性度に応じたサーベイランス期間が示されている．わが国においてもポリープ切除後の適切なサーベイランス期間を調べるためにJapan Polyp Study Workgroupによるrandomized control trialが開始され，その結果が待たれる．(著者抄録)

en: 消化器の臨床

ja: 消化器の臨床


en: 【食道・胃・十二指腸疾患】治療 食道癌・胃癌の外来化学療法 外来化学療法施設が普及した今日的指針

en: Medical Practice

ja: Medical Practice


en: 大腸癌対策最前線 大腸発癌メカニズムの最前線

ja: 大腸癌対策最前線 大腸発癌メカニズムの最前線

en: Frontiers in Gastroenterology

ja: Frontiers in Gastroenterology


en: 【消化器炎症発癌の分子機構を探る】消化器発癌に対するchemopreventionを考える

en: 分子消化器病

ja: 分子消化器病


en: 【消化器癌化学療法の新たな展開】GST-π分子を標的とした新しい消化器癌の治療

ja: 【消化器癌化学療法の新たな展開】GST-π分子を標的とした新しい消化器癌の治療

en: 消化器科

ja: 消化器科