label: url

en: Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles in cerebral ventricles activate microglia in mice

en: Oral Diseases

ja: Oral Diseases


en: Lipocalin 2, synthesized using a cell-free protein synthesis system and encapsulated into liposomes, inhibits the adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis to human oral epithelial cells.

en: Journal of Periodontal Research

ja: Journal of Periodontal Research


en: Utility of a haemoglobin test of gingival crevicular fluid: A multicentre, observational study.


en: Effects of Candidalysin Derived from Candida albicans on the Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators in Human Gingival Fibroblasts

en: International Journal of Molecular Sciences


en: β-defensin 2 synthesized by a cell-free protein synthesis system and encapsulated in liposomes inhibits adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis to oral epithelial cells.

en: Odontology

ja: Odontology


en: Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicles Stimulate Gingival Epithelial Cells to Induce Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines via the MAPK and STING Pathways

en: () is a keystone pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis and produces outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that contain lipopolysaccharide (LPS), gingipains, and pathogen-derived DNA and RNA. -OMVs are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. -OMV-activated pathways that induce the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 in the human gingival epithelial cell line, OBA-9, were investigated. The role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in levels of -OMV-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines was investigated using Western blot analysis and specific pathway inhibitors. -OMVs induced IL-6 and IL-8 production via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways in OBA-9 cells. In addition, the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), an essential innate immune signaling molecule, was triggered by a cytosolic pathogen DNA. -OMV-induced IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression and production were significantly suppressed by STING-specific small interfering RNA. Taken together, these results demonstrated that -OMV-activated Erk1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK, STING, and NF-κB signaling pathways resulting in increased IL-6 and IL-8 expression in human gingival epithelial cells. These results suggest that -OMVs may play important roles in periodontitis exacerbation by stimulating various pathways.

en: Biomedicines

ja: Biomedicines