Effects of Helicobacter pylori and Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria Coculture on Cells

infection is an important risk factor for developing gastric cancer. However, only a few -infected people develop gastric cancer. Thus, other risk factors aside from infection may be involved in gastric cancer development. This study aimed to investigate whether the nitrate-reducing bacteria isolated from patients with atrophic gastritis caused by infection are risk factors for developing atrophic gastritis and gastric neoplasia. Nitrate-reducing bacteria were isolated from patients with atrophic gastritis caused by infection. Among the isolated bacteria, , , , and were used in the subsequent experiments. Cytokine inducibility was evaluated in monocytic cells, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and cell cycle were assessed in the gastric epithelial cells. The cytotoxicities and neutrophil-inducing abilities of the and species were enhanced when cocultured with . Th1/Th2-related cytokines were also expressed, but their expression levels differed depending on the bacterial species. Moreover, and activated MAPK (ERK and p38) and affected cell cycle progression. Some nitrate-reducing bacteria cocultured with may promote inflammation and atrophy by inducing cytokine production. In addition, the MAPK activation and cell cycle progression caused by these bacteria can contribute to gastric cancer development.


Use of ATP Bioluminescence Assay to Evaluate Oral Streptococci

The statistical correlation between the number of oral streptococci and the results of ATP bioluminescence assay was examined and compared with the results from Streptococcus plate counts and an oral bacteria quantification system. Because a significant correlation was found between ATP (RLU) and the number of bacteria in the oral bacteria quantification system for all seven types of oral streptococci examined, ATP would reflect a conditions of oral hygiene. However, using this assay, it was observed it may be difficult to correctly evaluate bacteria that form aggregates. Furthermore, even a small number of bacteria (below 10 CFU/mL) , which cannot be measured by the oral bacteria quantification system, could be estimated by using ATP bioluminescence assay. It was suggested that this assay could be used for quantitative evaluation of the effect of oral cleaning.


Environmental survey of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci in a Hospital in Japan


Serodiagnosis and Bacterial Genome of Helicobacter pylori Infection

The infection caused by is associated with several diseases, including gastric cancer. Several methods for the diagnosis of infection exist, including endoscopy, the urea breath test, and the fecal antigen test, which is the serum antibody titer test that is often used since it is a simple and highly sensitive test. In this context, this study aims to find the association between different antibody reactivities and the organization of bacterial genomes. Next-generation sequences were performed to determine the genome sequences of four strains of antigens with different reactivity. The search was performed on the common genes, with the homology analysis conducted using a genome ring and dot plot analysis. The two antigens of the highly reactive strains showed a high gene homology, and Western blots for CagA and VacA also showed high expression levels of proteins. In the poorly responsive antigen strains, it was found that the inversion occurred around the gene in the genome. The structure of bacterial genomes might contribute to the poor reactivity exhibited by the antibodies of patients. In the future, an accurate serodiagnosis could be performed by using a strain with few gene mutations of the antigen used for the antibody titer test of .


Antibacterial Effects of Disulfiram in Helicobacter pylori

infection poses a risk of the occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases, such as gastric cancer. Its incidence rate is significantly reduced by eradication, and thereby, eradication therapy is generally performed. Disulfiram is an oral prescription drug mainly used for the treatment of alcohol dependence. In recent years, reports have been made on its anticancer and antibacterial effects, and thus, it has recently become an interesting subject. This study aimed to examine the antibacterial activity of disulfiram, investigate the presence or absence of its antibacterial activity on , and determine whether it could be a new bactericidal drug against drug-resistant . Drug-sensitive strains of and amoxicillin-resistant, clarithromycin-resistant, and metronidazole-resistant strains were used, and a growth inhibition test of using disulfiram was performed. Furthermore, the expression of urease, vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), and CagA, the virulence proteins of , was quantitatively analyzed using the Western blotting method. In addition, for used in this study, the 16SrDNA sequence, a ribosomal gene involved in protein production, was analyzed to examine the presence or absence of gene mutation. Disulfiram suppressed the growth of 7 out of 12 strains at 1 µg/mL, and no correlation was observed between their susceptibility/resistance to current eradication antimicrobial drugs and disulfiram resistance. Disulfiram reduced the expression levels of urease, VacA, and CagA proteins. , which showed resistance to disulfiram, tended to have fewer gene deletions/insertions in the 16S rDNA sequence; however, no specific mutation was detected. Disulfiram has a bactericidal effect on at low concentrations, suggesting that it can be used as a supplement for current eradication drugs.


Relationship between Granule-Formed Material and Urinary Tract Microbiota in Urinary Sediment Samples

尿沈渣標本中に出現する顆粒状物質と尿路細菌叢との関連について

Journal of Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents


吸い飲みの微生物汚染状況に関する実験的予備調査

吸い飲みの微生物汚染状況に関する実験的予備調査


吸い飲み内残余飲料の微生物汚染状況に関する実験的予備調査

吸い飲み内残余飲料の微生物汚染状況に関する実験的予備調査


高齢脳血管疾患患者における摂食嚥下機能と開口力の関係

高齢脳血管疾患患者における摂食嚥下機能と開口力の関係


A survey of Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) in Japanese Dental Clinics

This study was to survey the capturing rate in Japanese dental clinics of the Lasioderma serricorne (cigarette beetles) , and to evaluate the beetle's potential as a carrier for transmission of nosocomial pathogens. L. serricorne imagoes were captured in pheromone traps in 14 Japanese dental clinics in August and September 2012 and 2013, and their numbers recorded. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the bacterial antibiotic-resistant genes mecA, vanA, vanB, blaIMP, and blaVIM was performed on the captured L. serricorne imagoes. Bacterial species in the captured specimens were identified by 16S rRNA PCR and sequencing analysis. The L. serricorne imagoes were captured from 10 dental clinics (71.4%) . We failed to detect the presence of nosocomial antibiotic-resistant pathogens in L. serricorne imagoes. The bacterial species detected most commonly in the imagoes was Wolbachia sp., an intracellular proteobacterium infecting certain insect species. Monitoring of insects including L. serricorne should be incorporated into regiment of the infection control.


Use of ATP bioluminescence to survey the spread of aerosol and splatter during dental treatments

Aerosol and splatter produced during dental treatments (ultrasonic scaling and professional mechanical tooth cleaning) are potential sources of infection. Contamination patterns on the mask, goggles, chest and gowned right arm of operators, and on the goggles of patients before and after dental treatments were investigated using ATP bioluminescence analysis. Contamination on every surface tested increased significantly after dental treatment. Maximum contamination was found on the goggles of patients. Aerosol and splatter produced during dental treatments therefore have the potential to spread infection to operators and patients. ATP bioluminescence is a useful tool for monitoring surface contamination.


環境汚染菌の消毒剤および除菌洗浄剤含浸ワイプによる拭き取り除去効果

環境汚染菌の消毒剤および除菌洗浄剤含浸ワイプによる拭き取り除去効果


Subjective evaluation of swallowing screening test by speech therapists

言語聴覚士による4種の嚥下スクリーニングテストの主観的評価

Japanese Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research


Relationship between oral function and food preferences among elderly Japanese

高齢者の咀嚼・嚥下機能と食品嗜好との関連性

Objective: Aging affects the sense of taste, and consequently food preferences change in the elderly. However, preferences might be influenced not only by oral sensory function but also by chewing and swallowing function. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between oral function and food preferences among elderly Japanese.Materials and Methods: Forty patients (mean age, 74.2 years) of the dental hygiene clinic in Tokushima University Hospital were enrolled in the elderly group. Twenty-five university students (mean age, 21.4 years) were enrolled in the young group.Food preferences were assessed using a questionnaire on favorite foods among 35 items, based on mastication score (MS). Chewing function was assessed using a xylitol gum-chewing test (Lotte Co., Ltd.) and MS. Swallowing function was assessed using number of saliva swallows in 30 seconds, water swallow test, maximum voluntary tongue pressure (MVTP) and subjective swallowing evaluation (SSE).The Mann-Whitney U test, X2 test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression analysis were performed for statistical analyses using SPSS ver.21.This study was conducted with the approval of the Ethics Committee of Tokushima University Hospital (Approval number: 1378).Results and Discussion: The scores of the gum-chewing test, MS, number of saliva swallows in 30 seconds, MVTP and SSE of the elderly group were significantly lower than those of the young group. There was a significant correlation between RSST and food preference scores in the elderly group, but not in the young group. Moreover, there were significant correlations between SSE and food preference score, and also between the number of saliva swallows in 30 s and food preference scores in the elderly group with stepwise regression analysis in order to exclude confounding factors between age and oral function.It is considered that the changes of swallowing function with aging affect food preferences among elderly Japanese.Conclusion: Our results indicate that swallowing function influences food preferences among elderly Japanese.

【目的】 わが国の高齢化率は上昇を続けており，高齢者の健康寿命への関心も高い．特に食事は楽しみの一つであり，QOL の向上につながる重要因子とされている．咀嚼や嚥下機能が低下すると摂取する食品が制限され，食品嗜好へ影響を与えることが懸念される．しかし，咀嚼機能や嚥下機能など口腔機能と，食品嗜好との関係に着目した研究はみられない．そこで，本研究は，高齢者の咀嚼および嚥下機能と食品嗜好との関連性を明らかにすることを目的とした．【対象】 徳島大学病院歯科衛生室の65 歳以上の外来受診患者40 名(高齢者群)と，徳島大学歯学部口腔保健学科学生25 名(若年者群)を対象とした．【方法】 対象者の口腔内状況を確認し，平井らの摂取可能食品質問票の食品35 品目を用いて，食品嗜好スコア(好き/ 嫌い)，咀嚼スコア(噛める/ 噛めない)，嚥下スコア(飲み込める/ 飲み込めない)に関するアンケートを行い，口腔機能として咀嚼機能はガム咀嚼，前述の咀嚼スコア，嚥下機能は30 秒間の唾液嚥下回数，最大舌圧，水飲みテスト，前述の嚥下スコアを測定し評価した．高齢者群と若年者群の各パラメータにおける2 群間比較を行い，各群における口腔機能と食品嗜好との相関関係を求めて比較した．さらに，食品嗜好スコアと年齢および口腔機能との間における交絡要因の影響を排除するために，ステップワイズ重回帰分散分析を行った．【結果・考察】 高齢者群のみに30 秒間の唾液嚥下回数と食品嗜好スコアとの間に正の相関が認められた．さらに，多変量解析により，高齢者群のみに嚥下スコアと食品嗜好に，30 秒間の唾液嚥下回数と食品嗜好スコアに正の相関が認められた．高齢者の食品嗜好には，年齢ではなく嚥下機能が影響する可能性が考えられた．【結論】 高齢者の口腔機能，特に嚥下機能と食品嗜好には関連性があることが示唆された．

The Japanese Journal of Dysphagia Rehabilitation

日本摂食·嚥下リハビリテーション学会雑誌


Monitoring of bacterial contamination of dental unit water lines using adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence

Bacterial contamination of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) was evaluated using ATP bioluminescence analysis and a conventional culture method. Water samples (N=44) from DUWLs were investigated for heterotrophic bacteria by culture on R2A agar, which gave counts ranging from 1.4×10(3) to 2.7×10(5) cfu/mL. The ATP bioluminescence results for DUWL samples ranged from 6 to 1189 relative light units and could be obtained within 1min; these correlated well with the culture results (r=0.727-0.855). We conclude that the results of the ATP bioluminescence assay accurately reflect the results of conventional culture-based testing. This method is potentially useful for rapid and simple monitoring of DUWL bacterial contamination.


A survey of bacterial contamination in Dental Unit Waterlines for clinical training

臨床実習用デンタルユニット給水ライン(DUWLs)における細菌生息状況調査

The Journal of Japan Society of Dental Hygiene Education

日本歯科衛生教育学会雑誌


Molecular analysis for bacterial contamination in dental unit water lines

Bacterial contamination in dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) was evaluated by molecular techniques in addition to the conventional culture method. Water samples (n=8) from DUWLs were investigated for heterotrophic bacteria by culture method using R2A agar. The selected bacterial antibiotic-resistance genes and Legionella species-specific 16SrDNA were identified by PCR. The profiles of bacterial contamination in DUWLs were further identified by PCR-DGGE. In this study, no antibiotic-resistant or Legionella genes were detected. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium, Novosphingobium sp. was the most prevalent in DUWLs. Conventional PCR and PCR-DGGE were shown to be potentially useful for monitoring of bacterial contamination in DUWLs.


The comparative study of dysphagia screening tests

嚥下障害のスクリーニングテストの比較研究

Objective: In this research, two types (comprehensive evaluation methods and single evaluation methods) of dysphagia screening test were compared effectiveness to confirm more appropriate as the screening test.Methods: Video recordings were made of 3 patients with dysphagia who underwent single evaluation methods (RSST and MWST) or comprehensive evaluation methods (SSA and TOR-BSST) in dysphagia screening tests. These recordings were then used to create a teaching video movie, which was shown to 65 speech therapists with clinical experience (mean years of experience, 5.2±3.6 years); these therapists were then administered a questionnaire. This questionnaire consisted of 10 items, which covered the following aspects of the dysphagia screening tests: simplicity of the tests, confirmation or inference of the site of dysphagia, their safety, severity evaluation, determination of the food types, determination of their usefulness for assessment of swallowing training, evaluation of the effect of swallowing training, evaluation of the changes in swallowing functions over a period of time, ability to diagnose dysphagia, and usefulness of the tests. A 5-point scale was used to answer each question, and the subjective evaluations of the practitioners who used the 4 tests were analyzed. The Kruskal Wallis test was used for analysis of the results and a value less than 5% was considered to be significant.Results: As a result of questionnaire survey, it has become apparent that comprehensive evaluation methods were more appropriate than single evaluation methods as dysphagia screening tests.Conclusion: The result of this study suggested that effectiveness of comprehensive evaluation methods in dysphagia screening test. It might be contribute for the dysphasic patients to introduce the comprehensive evaluation methods in Japan.

【目的】本研究では，嚥下スクリーニングテストの包括的な評価方法の有用性を検討した．【方法】嚥下障害者3例に対して，嚥下スクリーニングとして単一の項目で標準化されたテストであるRSST とMWST，および包括的評価を行うStandardized Swallowing Assessment(以下，SSA)とThe Toronto Bedside Swallowing Screening Test(以下，TOR-BSST)の4つのテストを用いた評価場面をビデオ撮影し，独自に教則ビデオを作成した．その後，言語聴覚士65名(平均臨床経験年数5.2±3.6年)を対象に，作成した教則ビデオを視聴させた後，アンケート調査を実施した．アンケートの質問は10項目で，嚥下障害のスクリーニングテストにおける ① 簡便性，② 嚥下障害における問題の所在の確認と推測，③安全性，④ 重症度の判定，⑤ 食事形態の決定への活用，⑥ 嚥下訓練につながるアセスメントの可否，⑦嚥下訓練の効果判定，⑧ 嚥下機能の経時的変化，⑨ 嚥下障害の検出力，⑩ 総合的な使い勝手，についての ① から ⑩ 項目で構成され，各質問を「思わない」から「そう思う」までの5 件法で尋ねた．解析方法はKruskal―Wallis 検定を用いて，有意水準5%未満として検討した．【結果】単一項目で行う評価方法と包括的に行う評価方法との比較では，今回使用したアンケート調査の10項目中7項目( ②，④，⑤，⑥，⑦，⑧，⑨)において，包括的評価方法の有用性が支持された．【結論】術者の主観的な評価として，今回調査した4つすべての嚥下スクリーニングテストは総合的に使い勝手がよいと判断され，さらにSSAやTOR-BSSTで用いられる包括的な評価方法は，嚥下障害の問題の所在の確認および推測，嚥下障害の重症度の判定，食事形態の決定への活用，嚥下訓練につながるアセスメントの可否，嚥下訓練の効果判定，嚥下機能の経時的変化を捉えていくことへの活用，嚥下障害の検出力において，RSST やMWST を単一項目で評価する場合よりも有用であることが示唆された．

日本摂食·嚥下リハビリテーション学会雑誌


歯ブラシへの付着・残存口腔内細菌調査

歯ブラシへの付着・残存口腔内細菌調査

Journal of Shikoku Public Health Society


Relationships between skeletal muscle mass and strength, and jaw-opening force in Japanese community-dwelling elderly

地域在宅高齢者における骨格筋量・骨格筋力と開口力との関連性

日本摂食·嚥下リハビリテーション学会雑誌


Comparison of the level of awareness of infection control between dental hygienist students in the United States of America and in Japan

日米の歯科衛生士養成課程における感染予防教育の比較-質問紙法による認識度と習熟度の検討-

日本歯科衛生教育学会雑誌


歯科衛生士の清潔感に関する患者の意識調査

歯科衛生士の清潔感に関する患者の意識調査

The Journal of Educational Conference on All Japan Colleges of Dental Hygiene

全国大学歯科衛生士教育協議会雑誌


Improvement in the education for infection control through the nasal carriage survey on community-acquired methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci in dental hygienist students

歯科衛生士学校生における市中感染型メチシリン耐性ブドウ球菌の保菌調査を通しての感染予防対策教育の向上

The Journal of Japan Society for Dental Hygiene


歯科臨床における感染予防対策意識と行動についての現状と課題 -某県歯科衛生士会会員に対する意識調査から-


Investigation of Contamination on Dental Surgical Goggles and Protective Spectacles by ATP Measuring Method

ATP測定法を用いた歯科医師着用の歯科用ゴーグルと眼鏡の清浄度調査

Contamination of dental surgical goggles and protective spectacles was investigated using a measuring method to detect adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mean concentration was 11 RLU (Relative Light Unit) at the beginning of the working day, but had increased to 11,638 RLU after 1 hour (t test: p<0.05). Mean concentration on the lecture measured for comparison was 46 RLU (p<0.05). Moreover, contamination of the back of the lens section of protective spectacles was 7 RLU at the beginning of the working day, but had increased to 306 RLU after 1 hour. The cleanliness factor was nearly worse than the back of the lens of dental surgical goggles (p<0.05). Choice of optic protection against transmission of infection should consider that spectacles do not offer complete protection, so dentists should wear dental surgical goggles to perform dentistry examinations. Contamination investigation using a measuring method which evaluates ATP is both simple and quick, so can be used effectively as an index of environmental contamination in a dental clinic.

ATP測定法を用いて，歯科医師が着用している歯科用ゴーグルと眼鏡の清浄度調査を実施した． 歯科診療の環境で歯科用ゴーグルのレンズ部表面は，診療開始前は平均11 RLU(Relative Light Unit)であったが，診療1時間後には平均11,638 RLUに増加していた(t検定:p<0.05)．これは比較対象とした勉強会1時間後の平均値46 RLUよりも，有意に清浄度が悪化していた(p<0.05)．また，眼鏡のレンズ部裏面は，診療開始前は平均7 RLUであったが，診療1時間後には平均306 RLUに増加していた．これは，歯科用ゴーグルの同部分より57 RLUも有意に清浄度が悪化していた(p<0.05)． 歯科医師が眼部の感染予防対策としては，眼鏡は防護具としては完璧なものではなく，歯科用ゴーグルを着用することが望ましい．また，ATP測定法による清浄度調査は簡便で迅速であるため，歯科診療における感染予防対策に有効活用できると考える．

Japanese Journal of Infection Prevention and Control


医療および介護・社会福祉系専門資格の認知度に関する研究―研修歯科医師と非医療系大学生との比較―


ATP測定法を用いた歯科医療従事者着用滅菌マスクの清浄度調査

ATP測定法を用いた歯科医療従事者着用滅菌マスクの清浄度調査


肝炎を中心とした医療関連感染に対する意識調査

肝炎を中心とした医療関連感染に対する意識調査


感染防止と歯科医療受診行動Ⅳ∼「感染予防対策」は患者が歯科医療施設を選択する際に重要なのか∼


歯学科学生，歯科衛生士学校生，非医療系大学生における結核に対する意識調査


独立行政法人 大学評価・学位授与機構における「学士(口腔保健学)」の新設について


歯学部学生のメチシリン耐性ブドウ球菌の保菌調査と院内感染に関する意識調査

歯学部学生のメチシリン耐性ブドウ球菌の保菌調査と院内感染に関する意識調査


口腔衛生における感染制御専門家養成に関する提言∼感染管理歯科衛生士の必要性と可能性について∼


歯科衛生士学校生におけるインフェクションコントロールドクターに対する意識調査∼感染制御教育の重要性について∼


感染防止と歯科医療受診行動Ⅲ ∼歯科学生，歯科衛生士学生，非医療系大学生におけるMRSAに対する意識調査∼


感染防止と歯科医療受診行動Ⅰ∼歯科学生，歯科衛生士学生，非医療系大学生における歯科医院選択に対する意識調査∼


感染防止と歯科医療受診行動Ⅱ∼歯科学生，歯科衛生士学生，非医療系大学生におけるHIV/AIDSに対する意識調査∼