label: url

en: Rectal Epithelial Stem Cell Kinetics in Acute Radiation Proctitis.

en: International Journal of Molecular Sciences


en: Crossed raised arm position improves the flow of contrast medium in torso contrast-enhanced computed Tomography

en: This retrospective cohort study examined the effects of the crossed raised arm (CRA) position in contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) on contrast medium influx and image quality relative to the conventional position. Contrast medium influx into the collateral veins on CECT images was evaluated in 92 participants. The CT values of the pulmonary artery, descending aorta, and spleen were obtained in both positions and compared. Anatomical changes in the diameters and area of the subclavian vein and costoclavicular distance were also analyzed. Contras 27 and 6 patients in the conventional and CRA positions, respectively. The influx risk ratio in the CRA position versus that in the conventional position was 0.22 (95% confidence interval, 0.10-0.51). Elevations in the median CT value of the pulmonary artery, descending aorta, and spleen in the CRA position were 7.0% (p < .001), 7.4% (p < .001), and 9.8% (p < .001), respectively. Enlargements in the major and minor diameters of the subclavian vein, subclavian vein area, and costoclavicular distance in the CRA position versus those in the conventional position were 19.3% (p < .001), 28.1% (p < .001), 53.6%, and 30.0% (p < .001), respectively. The CRA position effectively prevented contrast medium influx into the collateral veins due to SVS and increased CT values in the target organs in CECT. The diameters and area of the subclavian vein and costoclavicular distance were enlarged at the thoracic outlet, which improved the flow of the contrast medium into the targeted organs. The CRA position can contribute to obtaining better CECT images during common clinical assessments at no additional cost.

en: Radiography

ja: Radiography


en: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-pyrrolone derivatives as radioprotectors.

en: It is known that p53 is an important transcription factor and plays a central role in ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage responses such as cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and apoptosis. We previously reported that regulating p53 protein is an effective strategy for modulating cell fate by reducing the acute side effects of radiation therapy. Herein, we report on the discovery of STK160830 as a new radioprotector from a chemical library at The University of Tokyo and the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of its derivatives. The radioprotective activity of STK160830 itself and its derivatives that were synthesized in this work was evaluated using a leukemia cell line, MOLT-4 cells as a model of normal cells that express the p53 protein in a structure-activity relationships (SAR) study. The experimental results suggest that a direct relationship exists between the inhibitory effect of these STK160830 derivatives on the expression level of p53 and their radioprotective activity and that the suppression of p53 by STK160830 derivatives contribute to protecting MOLT-4 cells from apoptosis that is induced by exposure to radiation.

en: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry

ja: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry


en: Influence of distant scatterer on air kerma measurement in the evaluation of diagnostic X-rays using Monte Carlo simulation

en: The evaluation of the entrance surface dose (ESD) ensures safe radiation doses for X-ray imaging patients. The air kerma free-in-air value used to estimate ESD may be affected by those X-rays that scatter from the scatterer placed behind the chamber at the time of measurement, thereby leading to assessment errors. Therefore, the influence of scattered radiation on air kerma measurements was investigated. Monte Carlo simulations were performed for various detector-to-scatterer distances and scatterer materials. The simulation results were compared with actual measurements to confirm the simulation accuracy. The source-chamber distance was set to 50 and 100 cm for the experimental measurements and simulation, respectively, and the chamber-scatterer distance was varied. The Monte Carlo simulation results reproduced the actual measurements with an accuracy of 3.5%. The effect of backscattering varied with the tube voltage and irradiation field size. The effect was observed in the order of prominence for the following scatterer materials: water-equivalent phantom, acrylic, concrete, lead, and iron. Furthermore, this effect decreased exponentially with increasing chamber-scatterer distance. For a field size of 10 × 10 cm, the finite-distance backscatter factor decreased with an increasing chamber-scatterer distance for all materials. The cause of backscattering in diagnostic X-ray energy regions differs depending on the scatterer material, as well as the photon energy and field size. Backscattering decreases exponentially as the distance between the detector and scatterer increases.

en: Radiological Physics and Technology

ja: Radiological Physics and Technology


en: A Novel RNA Synthesis Inhibitor, STK160830, Has Negligible DNA-Intercalating Activity for Triggering A p53 Response, and Can Inhibit p53-Dependent Apoptosis.

en: RNA synthesis inhibitors and protein synthesis inhibitors are useful for investigating whether biological events with unknown mechanisms require transcription or translation; however, the dependence of RNA synthesis has been difficult to verify because many RNA synthesis inhibitors cause adverse events that trigger a p53 response. In this study, we screened a library containing 9600 core compounds and obtained STK160830 that shows anti-apoptotic effects in irradiated wild-type-p53-bearing human T-cell leukemia MOLT-4 cells and murine thymocytes. In many of the p53-impaired cells and p53-knockdown cells tested, STK160830 did not show a remarkable anti-apoptotic effect, suggesting that the anti-apoptotic activity is p53-dependent. In the expression analysis of p53, p53-target gene products, and reference proteins by immunoblotting, STK160830 down-regulated the expression of many of the proteins examined, and the downregulation correlated strongly with its inhibitory effect on cell death. mRNA expression analyses by qPCR and nascent RNA capture kit revealed that STK160830 showed a decreased mRNA expression, which was similar to that induced by the RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D but differed to some extent. Furthermore, unlike other RNA synthesis inhibitors such as actinomycin D, p53 accumulation by STK160830 alone was negligible, and a DNA melting-curve analysis showed very weak DNA-intercalating activity, indicating that STK160830 is a useful inhibitor for RNA synthesis without triggering p53-mediated damage responses.

en: Life

ja: Life


en: Isorhamnetin Promotes 53BP1 Recruitment through the Enhancement of ATM Phosphorylation and Protects Mice from Radiation Gastrointestinal Syndrome.

en: Flavonoids are a subclass of polyphenols which are attractive, due to possessing various physiological activities, including a radioprotective effect. Tumor suppressor p53 is a primary regulator in the radiation response and is involved in the pathogenesis of radiation injuries. In this study, we revealed that isorhamnetin inhibited radiation cell death, and investigated its action mechanism focusing on DNA damage response. Although isorhamnetin moderated p53 activity, it promoted phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and enhanced 53BP1 recruitment in irradiated cells. The radioprotective effect of isorhamnetin was not observed in the presence of ATM inhibitor, indicating that its protective effect was dependent on ATM. Furthermore, isorhamnetin-treated mice survived gastrointestinal death caused by a lethal dose of abdominal irradiation. These findings suggested that isorhamnetin enhances the ATM-dependent DNA repair process, which is presumably associated with the suppressive effect against GI syndrome.

en: Genes

ja: Genes


en: Evaluation of sodium orthovanadate as a radioprotective agent under total-body irradiation and partial-body irradiation conditions in mice.

en: International Journal of Radiation Biology


en: Protective Effects of p53 Regulatory Agents Against High-LET Radiation-Induced Injury in Mice.

en: < 0.02), but not iron-ion irradiation, suggesting the moderate relief of the intestinal damage. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of p53 regulators on acute radiation syndrome induced by high-LET radiation.

en: Frontiers in Public Health

ja: Frontiers in Public Health


en: Automated determination of cardiac rest period on whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography by extracting high-speed motion of coronary arteries.

en: Clinical Imaging

ja: Clinical Imaging


en: Improvement in the quantification of striatal tracer uptake in single-photon emission computed tomography with 123I-ioflupane using a cadmium-zinc-telluride semiconductor camera.

en: Shimane Journal of Medical Science

ja: Shimane Journal of Medical Science


en: Whole brain analysis of postmortem density changes of grey and white matter on computed tomography by statistical parametric mapping.

en: The SPM technique demonstrated typical postmortem changes on brain CT scans, and revealed that the unclear GM-WM interface on early PMCT scans is caused by a rapid decrease in cortical GM density combined with a delayed increase in WM density. SPM may be useful for assessment of whole brain postmortem changes.

ja: • The original brain CT template achieved successful normalization of brain morphology. • Postmortem changes in the brain were independent of sex. • Cortical GM density decreased rapidly after death. • WM and deep GM densities increased following cortical GM density change. • SPM could be useful for assessment of whole brain postmortem changes.

en: European Radiology

ja: European Radiology


en: Effect of the forward-projected model-based iterative reconstruction solution algorithm on image quality and radiation dose in pediatric cardiac computed tomography.

en: Pediatric Radiology

ja: Pediatric Radiology


en: Study on antidepressant-like eff¬ects of radon inhalation on forced swim induced depression in mice.

en: Radioisotopes

ja: Radioisotopes


en: Radon inhalation suppresses nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetic mice

en: Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology (Japan)


en: Adsorption and removal of strontium in aqueous solution by synthetic hydroxyapatite.

en: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry


en: Combined effects of radon inhalation and antioxidant vitamin administration on acute alcohol-induced hepatopathy in mice.

ja: Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology (Japan)


en: Radon inhalation protects against transient global cerebral ischemic injury in gerbils.

en: Inflammation

ja: Inflammation


en: Effects of cream containing ultralow volume radionuclides on carrageenan-induced inflammatory paw edema in mice.

en: Biochemistry & Physiology

ja: Biochemistry & Physiology


en: Antinociceptive effects of radon inhalation on formalin-induced inflammatory pain in mice.


en: Suppression of streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetes in mice by radon inhalation.

en: We examined the protective effect of radon inhalation on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type-1 diabetes in mice. Mice inhaled radon at concentrations of 1000, 2500, and 5500 Bq/m3 for 24 hours before STZ administration. STZ administration induced characteristics of type-1 diabetes such as hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia; however, radon inhalation at doses of 1000 and 5500 Bq/m3 significantly suppressed the elevation of blood glucose in diabetic mice. Serum insulin was significantly higher in mice pre-treated with radon at a dose of 1000 Bq/m3 than in mice treated with a sham. In addition, superoxide dismutase activities and total glutathione contents were significantly higher and lipid peroxide was significantly lower in mice pre-treated with radon at doses of 1000 and 5500 Bq/m3 than in mice treated with a sham. These results were consistent with the result that radon inhalation at 1000 and 5500 Bq/m3 suppressed hyperglycemia. These findings suggested that radon inhalation suppressed STZ-induced type-1 diabetes through the enhancement of antioxidative functions in the pancreas.

en: Physiological Research / Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca


en: Suppression of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by radon inhalation.

en: Mediators of Inflammation

ja: Mediators of Inflammation


en: Inhibitory effects of pretreatment with radon on acute alcohol-induced hepatopathy in mice.


en: Preventive and curative effects of radon inhalation on chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain in mice.

en: European Journal of Pain : EJP

ja: European Journal of Pain : EJP


en: Comparative study on the inhibitory effects of antioxidant vitamins and radon on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatopathy.

en: Journal of Radiation Research

ja: Journal of Radiation Research


en: Protective effects of radon inhalation on carrageenan-induced inflammatory paw edema in mice.


en: Inhibitory effects of pre and post radon inhalation on carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative damage in mouse organs.

en: Radioisotopes


en: Comparative study on the inhibitory effects of -tocopherol and radon on carbon tetrachloride-induced renal damage.

en: Renal Failure

ja: Renal Failure


en: Radon inhalation protects mice from carbon-tetrachloride-induced hepatic and renal damage.

en: Inflammation


en: Studies on possibility for alleviation of lifestyle diseases by low-dose irradiation or radon inhalation.

en: Radiation Protection Dosimetry

ja: Radiation Protection Dosimetry


en: Study of the response of superoxide dismutase in mouse organs to radon using a new large-scale facility for exposing small animals to radon.


en: Differences of natural radioactivity and radon emanation fraction among constituent minerals of rock or soil.

en: Applied Radiation and Isotopes

ja: Applied Radiation and Isotopes