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en: Synthesis of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor using cell-free protein synthesis system

en: Odontology

ja: Odontology


en: Lipocalin 2, synthesized using a cell-free protein synthesis system and encapsulated into liposomes, inhibits the adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis to human oral epithelial cells.

en: Journal of Periodontal Research

ja: Journal of Periodontal Research


en: β-defensin 2 synthesized by a cell-free protein synthesis system and encapsulated in liposomes inhibits adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis to oral epithelial cells.


en: Diagnosis of inflammatory peri-implant diseases using an immunochromatographic assay for calprotectin in peri-implant crevicular fluid

en: The incidence rate of peri-implant diseases is increasing with implant placement. Early detection of peri-implant diseases is important to prevent and treat these diseases, and a simple and objective diagnostic method is expected. Immunochromatographic (IC) assays are used for rapid diagnostic methods for some diseases. The aim of this clinical study was to determine the amount of calprotectin, an inflammatory marker, in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) using an IC chip, and estimate the possibility of this diagnostic system. Forty-six individuals with dental implants participated in a pilot study. PICF samples were collected from the peri-implant sites with or without inflammation after clinical examinations including probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and gingival index (GI). Calprotectin in PICF was determined by an IC chip and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for calprotectin. The density of calprotectin line on the IC chip was measured using an IC reader (IC reader value). The relationship between IC reader value and ELISA value or clinical parameters was investigated. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of IC reader value of calprotectin was performed to predict inflammation in peri-implant diseases. IC reader value of calprotectin was significantly correlated with its ELISA value and PD. IC reader values of calprotectin in PICF samples from periodontal sites with GI-1 and GI-2, and with BOP-positive sites were significantly higher than those of PICF samples from GI-0 sites, and BOP-negative sites, respectively. The IC reader value for calprotectin in PICF samples from inflammatory diseased sites was significantly higher than that of non-diseased sites. ROC analysis suggested that the IC reader value of PICF calprotectin was useful for predicting inflammatory peri-implant diseases. IC assay for PICF calprotectin may be a possible system for diagnosing the inflammatory peri-implant diseases.

en: International Journal of Implant Dentistry


en: Gan-Lu-Yin (Kanroin), traditional Chinese herbal extracts, reduces osteoclast differentiation in vitro and prevents alveolar bone resorption in rat experimental periodontitis

en: Gan-Lu-Yin (GLY), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, shows therapeutic effects on periodontitis, but that mechanism is not well known. This study aims to clarify the precise mechanism by investigating the inhibitory effects of GLY extracts on osteoclastogenesis in vitro and on bone resorption in periodontitis in vivo. RAW264.7 cells are cultured with soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (sRANKL) and GLY extracts (0.01-1.0 mg/mL), and stained for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) to evaluate osteoclast differentiation. Experimental periodontitis is induced by placing a nylon ligature around the second maxillary molar in rats, and rats are administered GLY extracts (60 mg/kg) daily for 20 days. Their maxillae are collected on day 4 and 20, and the levels of alveolar bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation are estimated using micro-computed tomography (CT) and histological analysis, respectively. In RAW264.7 cells, GLY extracts significantly inhibit sRANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation at a concentration of more than 0.05 mg/mL. In experimental periodontitis, administering GLY extracts significantly decreases the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts in the alveolar bone on day 4, and significantly inhibits the ligature-induced bone resorption on day 20. These results show that GLY extracts suppress bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation in experimental periodontitis, suggesting that GLY extracts are potentially useful for oral care in periodontitis.

en: Journal of Clinical Medicine

ja: Journal of Clinical Medicine


en: Advanced glycation end-products increase lipocalin 2 expression in human oral epithelial cells.


en: Evaluation of educational effects of periodontology by lectures and phantom training in dental students

ja: 講義および実習試験の評価による歯周病学教育のあり方の考察

en:
 Purpose: In the undergraduate educational curriculum of dentistry, there are two main teaching/learning methods for dental students before clinical training: traditional lectures and phantom training. The purpose of this study was to explore effective educational systems for periodontology by examining the test results of both lectures and phantom training.

 Methods: Both a written test and a practical test of periodontology were administered to students of dentistry. A total of 43 dental students of Tokushima University Dental School were recruited. Written tests were performed before and after the lectures on periodontology. A practical test of scaling and root planing was performed after phantom training. Associations between the results of the written test and practical test were analyzed statistically. P values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

 Results: The results of the written tests after lectures were higher than those before lectures. A significant positive correlation was found between the results of the written test and practical test.

 Conclusion: In the students' education on periodontology, the results of the practical test were correlated statistically to the results of the written test. These findings may contribute to establishing effective educational systems for periodontology in dentistry.

ja:
 目的 : 一般的に, 臨床実習前の歯学部生に対する歯周病学の教育は, 座学講義と基礎 (模型) 実習を主体とする. 本研究の目的は, 歯周病学の講義および実習の評価試験の結果の関連性を調べ, 将来の歯学部生に対する歯周病学教育のあり方について考察することである.

 方法 : 2018年度後期から2019年度前期に徳島大学歯学部に在籍し, 歯周病学を履修する歯学部3∼4年次生43名を対象とした. 歯周病学の講義前後に当該分野に関する筆記試験 (5肢2択形式) を行い, さらに歯周病学の基礎 (模型) 実習の終了時に, 顎模型を用いてスケーリング・ルートプレーニングの実習試験を行った. 講義による学生の理解度・習得度の評価は, カイ二乗検定を用いて判定した. 筆記試験および実習試験の結果の関連性は, スピアマンの順位相関検定を用いて判定した. また, 筆記試験の点数を25点満点で9点以下, 10∼12点, 13点以上の3群に分類し, 各群間の実習試験点数の差異の有無について, ANOVA-Tukey HSD解析を用いて判定した. なお, p値が0.05未満を有意差ありと判定した.

 結果 : 歯周病学の講義後の筆記試験の点数は, 出題内容によって差はあるものの, 講義前と比較しておおむね有意に上昇した. 筆記試験の結果と実技試験の結果は, 有意に相関した (r=0.34, p=0.025). また筆記試験の点数が9点以下の群における実習試験の点数は, 筆記試験の点数が10∼12点, 13点以上の群と比較して有意に低かった (p<0.05). 一方, 筆記試験の点数が10∼12点と13点以上の群間における実習試験の点数に有意差は認められなかった (p=0.76).

 結論 : 臨床実習前の歯周病学の学生教育において, 筆記試験の点数と基礎 (模型) 実習試験の点数は有意に相関した. このことは, 将来の効果的な歯周病学の教育システム構築の一助となる可能性を示唆する.

en: The Japanese Journal of Conservative Dentistry

ja: 日本歯科保存学雑誌


en: Calprotectin and cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen levels in crevicular fluid from implant sites with peri-implant diseases: a pilot study

en: Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) contains calprotectin and NTx, which are markers for inflammation and bone resorption, respectively. The aims of this pilot study were to compare calprotectin and NTx levels in PICF from implant sites with or without peri-implant diseases and to evaluate the usefulness of calprotectin and NTx as diagnostic markers for peri-implant diseases. Thirty-five patients with dental implants participated in this pilot study. PICF samples were collected from peri-implant disease sites (n = 40) and non-diseased (healthy) sites (n = 34) after clinical indicators including probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), and bone loss (BL) rate were investigated. Calprotectin and NTx amounts in PICF were measured using their respective ELISA kits and then compared between diseased and healthy samples. The relationship between PICF calprotectin or NTx levels and clinical indicator levels was investigated. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of calprotectin and NTx was performed to predict peri-implant diseases. Calprotectin and NTx levels in PICF were significantly higher from peri-implant disease sites than from healthy sites. PICF calprotectin amounts correlated with PD, and its levels were significantly higher in the GI-1 and GI-2 groups than in the GI-0 group. PICF NTx amounts correlated with PD and the BL rate. ROC curves indicated that PICF calprotectin and NTx are useful biomarkers for peri-implant diseases. Calprotectin and NTx in PICF have potential as biomarkers for the diagnosis of peri-implant diseases.

ja: International Journal of Implant Dentistry


en: The AMPK/mTOR pathway is involved in D-dopachrome tautomerase gene transcription in adipocytes differentiated from SGBS cells, a human preadipocyte cell line

en: In adipose tissue, D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT), a cytokine with structural similarity to macrophage migration inhibitory factor, is mainly expressed in adipocytes rather than preadipocytes and acts as an anti-obesity adipokine in an autocrine manner. However, its transcriptional regulation is largely unknown. In order to explore molecules affecting DDT transcription, a chemical library screening using HEK293 cells stably expressing a DDT promoter-reporter construct was performed. Several derivatives of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1--d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, were identified as transcriptional activators of the DDT gene. Furthermore, DDT mRNA levels were reduced in SGBS adipocytes treated with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, suggesting involvement of AMPK in DDT transcription. Overexpression of the FOXO1 constitutive active form reduced transcriptional activity of the DDT gene in SGBS cells, but increased it in HEK293 cells. Cell-type specific effects were also observed in the DDT gene expression of cells treated with AS1842856, a FOXO1 inhibitor. Finally, involvement of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in DDT transcription in SGBS adipocytes was investigated. Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR, increased DDT mRNA levels and attenuated the inhibitory effects of compound C on DDT mRNA levels in SGBS adipocytes. In conclusion, DDT transcription may be regulated in a cell-dependent manner, and were enhanced by AMPK activation in SGBS adipocytes through inhibiting the mTOR signaling.

en: Cytokine

ja: Cytokine