Effects of trigonelline-containing vitamin supplementation on noise exposure-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction

トリゴネリン含有ビタミンサプリメントの摂取が騒音暴露誘発性血管内皮機能低下に及ぼす影響

With the progress of industrialization, physical environmental factors, such as traffic and environmental noise, have been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Although antioxidant vitamins and trigonelline-containing compounds are known to improve the arterial function, their relationship with noise has not yet been fully investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral antioxidant vitamins and trigonelline-containing supplements on the vascular endothelial function during transient noise exposure. A single-blind crossover comparative study evaluated the vascular endothelial function in response to noise exposure in ten healthy men. Subjects were assigned to either the P trial (taking only a placebo) or a T trial (taking only trigonelline-containing vitamin supplementation) group where they took the assigned substance for 3 consecutive days. On the final day, they received an average noise exposure of 85 dB for 15 min. The FMD of the brachial artery was measured before and after noise exposure. No significant differences SBP, DBP, or HR before and after noise exposure were observed between the two trials groups. At 0 min after noise exposure, the FMD was higher in the T trial group than in the P trial group, and a significant difference was observed between the two conditions. It has been suggested that taking a vitamin supplement containing trigonelline before transient noise exposure may suppress the decline in the vascular endothelial function.

Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine


Effects of electrical stimulation of the lower extremities on postprandial hyperglycemia and arterial stiffness

To compare the acute effects of electrical stimulation (ES) of the lower extremities on postprandial hyperglycemia and arterial stiffness during oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT). In a randomized crossover study, eight healthy young men completed three experimental trials in which they underwent ES for 30 min, starting 60 min before (Before) or 30 min after (After) ingesting 75 g of glucose; ES was not performed in the control trial (Control). The subjects' blood glucose levels and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were measured as an index of arterial stiffness at baseline and 30, 60, and 120 min after glucose ingestion. Serum insulin levels were measured at baseline and 60 min after glucose ingestion. The subjects' glucose intake led to an increase in their blood glucose concentration in all trials, however, in the After trial, ES resulted in significantly lower blood glucose concentrations at 60 min post glucose ingestion compared to the Control and Before trials. The area under the curve (AUC) of serum insulin concentrations during the OGTT in the After trial was significantly lower than that in the other two trials. Moreover, glucose ingestion did not increase the baPWV, however, 30 min of ES during the postprandial state acutely reduced the baPWV. These results suggest that ES is most effective in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia when administered after a meal. Thus, lower extremity ES may be an alternative exercise method to activate postprandial glucose metabolism in healthy individuals.


Effects of acute cycling with electrical muscle stimulation of lower limbs on arterial stiffness

一過性の自転車こぎ運動と下肢への電気刺激の併用が動脈スティフネスに及ぼす影響


Effect of curcumin supplementation on inflammatory status and muscle damage in competitive female soccer players: a placebo-controlled, single-blind, nonrandomized, crossover pilot study


LDH isoenzyme 5 is an index of early onset muscle soreness (EOMS) during prolonged running.

EOMS started to occur at 20 km during a 30 km running task. Our data suggest that LDH isoenzyme 5 is a marker of occurrence in EOMS during prolonged running.

The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness


Acute bout of exercise downregulates thioredoxin-interacting protein expression in rat contracting skeletal muscles.

We previously reported that in rat skeletal muscle, disuse (i.e., decreased muscle contractile activity) rapidly increases thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), which is implicated in the reduced glucose uptake. Accordingly, we sought herein to (a) determine the effect of exercise (i.e., increased muscle contractile activity) on muscle TXNIP protein expression, and (b) elucidate the mechanisms underlying the changes of TXNIP protein expression in response to exercise. Rat epitrochlearis and soleus muscles were dissected out after an acute bout of 3-hr swimming (without weight loading) or 3-hr treadmill running (15% grade at 9m/min). In a separate protocol, the isolated epitrochlearis and soleus muscles were incubated for 3 hr with AMP-dependent protein kinase activator AICAR. Immediately after the cessation of the 3-hr swimming, the TXNIP protein was decreased in epitrochlearis but not in soleus muscle. Conversely, 3-hr treadmill running decreased the TXNIP protein in soleus but not in epitrochlearis muscle. TXNIP protein was decreased concomitantly with reduced postexercise muscle glycogen, showing that a decrease in TXNIP protein expression occurs in muscles that are recruited during exercise. In addition, 3-hr incubation with AICAR decreased TXNIP protein in both isolated epitrochlearis and soleus muscles. Our results suggest that (a) an acute bout of exercise downregulates TXNIP protein expression in rat contracting skeletal muscles, and (b) the reduction in TXNIP protein expression in contracting muscles is probably mediated by AMPK activation, at least in part.


Anxiety-like behaviors and hippocampal nNOS in response to diet-induced obesity combined with exercise.

A high-fat diet (HFD) and overweight status can induce hippocampal dysfunction, leading to depression and anxiety. Exercise has beneficial effects on emotional behaviors. We previously reported that exercise training rescues HFD-induced excess hippocampal neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression, which is a key regulator of anxiety. Here, we investigated anxiety-like behaviors and hippocampal nNOS expression in response to HFD combined with exercise. Mice were assigned to standard diet, HFD, or HFD with exercise groups for 12 weeks. We found that exercise during the final 6 weeks of the HFD regime improved 12 weeks of HFD-induced defecation, accompanied by rescue of excess nNOS expression. However, anxiety indicators in the elevated plus maze were unchanged. These effects were not apparent after only 1 week of exercise. In conclusion, 6 weeks of exercise training reduced HFD-related anxiety according to one of our measures (defecation), and reversed changes in the hippocampal nNOS/NO pathway.


Effects of Taurine Supplementation on Vascular Endothelial Function at Rest and After Resistance Exercise.

High-intensity resistance exercise has been shown to increase arterial stiffness and reduce vascular endothelial function. Taurine supplementation has a favorable effect on maintaining vascular function. We had previously reported that taurine supplementation attenuated increases in resistance exercise-induced arterial stiffness. In the present study, we further investigate the effects of taurine supplementation on vascular endothelial function at rest and after resistance exercise.Twenty-nine healthy men were recruited and randomly assigned to either the placebo supplement group (n=14) or the taurine supplement group (n=15) in a double-blinded manner. Subjects were required to ingest 6g of either a placebo or the taurine supplement for 2weeks prior to and 3days following the exercise. Two weeks after the commencement of supplementation, the subjects were asked to perform 2 sets of 20 repetitive unilateral maximal-effort resistance exercise of the elbow flexors on a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer, with each contraction lasting 3s, with 1 repetition performed every 9s and 4 min rest in between sets. We evaluated the changes in brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the non-exercised arm as an index of vascular endothelial function. Relative and absolute FMDs were measured prior to supplementation, before exercise, and 24, 48, and 96h after exercise.Two weeks of taurine supplementation significantly increased both relative and absolute FMDs. Baseline diameter significantly increased at 96h following the exercise in both groups. However, there was no change in the peak diameter. Consequently, both relative and absolute FMDs were significantly reduced at 96h after the exercise in both groups. Taurine supplementation does not affect resistance exercise-induced reduction in FMD.Two weeks of taurine supplementation (6g/day) significantly increased vascular endothelial function at rest; however, taurine supplementation did not improve resistance exercise-induced reduction in FMD.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology


Effect of BCAA supplement timing on exercise-induced muscle soreness and damage: a pilot placebo-controlled double-blind study.

The present study confirmed that repeated BCAA supplementation before exercise had a more beneficial effect in attenuating DOMS and EIMD induced by eccentric exercise than repeated supplementation after exercise.


Resistance training-induced decreases in central arterial compliance is associated with increases in serum thromboxane B2 concentrations in young men


Effects of resistance training on arterial compliance and plasma endothelin-1 levels in healthy men.

Arterial compliance (AC) is an index of the elasticity of large arteries. Endothelial dysfunction has been reported to result in reduced arterial compliance, which represents increased arterial stiffness. A reduction in AC is elicited by high-intensity resistance training, however the mechanisms are obscure. Because a single bout of resistance exercise causes a transient increase in circulating plasma endothelin-1 in humans, some vasoconstrictors may play a role in the mechanisms. The present study aimed to investigate whether resistance training-induced decrease in AC is associated with changes in circulating vasoconstrictors levels in young men. Young sedentary men were assigned to control (n=5) or training (n=9) groups. The training group performed four-week high-intensity resistance training (weight training exercise; three sessions/week). We measured AC and plasma levels of endothelin-1, angiotensin II, and norepinephrine before and after intervention. Resistance training significantly decreased AC, whereas the changes in plasma levels of neither endothelin-1, nor angiotensin II, nor norepinephrine were significantly different between the control and the training groups. Moreover, we found no significant correlations between changes in circulating plasma levels (endothelin-1, angiotensin II, and norepinephrine) and in the AC. Despite of no alteration of the resting circulating plasma levels (endothelin-1, etc.), we cannot exclude a possibility that the tissue/local concentrations of vasoconstrictors (endothelin-1, etc.) around the vessels might be increased and also involved in a reduction of AC in the training group. Taken together, the present results suggest that circulating vasoconstrictors (endothelin-1, etc.) in plasma are not involved in a reduction in AC by the resistance training.

Physiological Research / Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca


Immobilization rapidly induces thioredoxin-interacting protein gene expression together with insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle.

Acute short duration of disuse induces the development of insulin resistance for glucose uptake in rodent skeletal muscle. Because thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) has been implicated in the downregulation of insulin signaling and glucose uptake, we examined the possibility that muscle disuse rapidly induces insulin resistance via increased TXNIP mRNA and protein expression. Male Wistar rats were subjected to unilateral 6-h hindlimb immobilization by plaster cast. At the end of this period, the soleus muscles from both immobilized and contralateral nonimmobilized hindlimbs were excised and examined. The 6-h immobilization resulted in an increase in TXNIP mRNA and protein expressions together with a decrease in insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake in the rat soleus muscle. Additionally, in the rats euthanized 6 h after the plaster cast removal, TXNIP protein expression and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the immobilized muscle had both been restored to a normal level. Various interventions (pretreatment with transcription inhibitor actinomycin D or AMP-dependent protein kinase activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) also suppressed the increase in TXNIP protein expression in 6-h-immobilized muscle together with partial prevention of insulin resistance for glucose uptake. These results suggested the possibility that increased TXNIP protein expression in immobilized rat soleus muscles was associated with the rapid induction of insulin resistance for glucose uptake in that tissue. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The cellular mechanism by which disuse rapidly induces muscle insulin resistance for glucose uptake remains to be identified. Using a rat hindlimb immobilization model, our findings suggest the possibility that transcriptional upregulation of thioredoxin-interacting protein is associated with the immobilization-induced rapid development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.


Aerobic exercise training enhances cerebrovascular pulsatility response to acute aerobic exercise in older adults.

The brain's low resistance ensures a robust blood flow throughout systole and diastole and is susceptible to flow pulsatility. Increased cerebral pulsatility contributes to the progression of cerebrovascular disease. Although aerobic exercise affects vascular function, little is known about the effect of exercise on the cerebral pulsatility index in older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training on the post-exercise cerebral pulsatility response in older adults. Ten healthy older adults participated in a 12-week exercise training intervention. Before and after the intervention, we measured the pulsatility index of the middle cerebral artery by means of transcranial Doppler method at baseline and following a cycling exercise bout performed at an intensity corresponding to the ventilatory threshold. Before exercise training, there was no significant change in the cerebral pulsatility response to an acute bout of cycling exercise. However, after the intervention, cerebral pulsatility decreased significantly following 30 min of an acute cycling exercise (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that cerebral pulsatility index did not change following an acute bout of cycling exercise at an intensity corresponding to ventilatory threshold, but that, after 12 weeks of exercise training, cerebral pulsatility index was reduced at 30 min after a single bout of cycling exercise. These results suggest that long-term aerobic exercise training may enhance the post-exercise reduction in pulsatility index in older adults.


分岐鎖アミノ酸(BCAA)摂取がマラソン後の血清C反応性タンパク質濃度ならびに血漿グルタミン濃度に及ぼす効果


Increased N-Acetyltaurine in the Skeletal Muscle After Endurance Exercise in Rat.

Taurine is metabolized to a novel metabolite, N-acetyltaurine (NAT), through N-acetylation with acetate. Furthermore, NAT production increases when the endogenous production of acetate is elevated in some situations, such as alcohol catabolism and endurance exercise. We have previously reported that both the serum concentration and urinary excretion of NAT from humans were increased after endurance exercise, and that NAT was secreted by cultured skeletal muscle cells exposed to both acetate and taurine. The present study evaluated the hypothesis that NAT is synthesized in the skeletal muscle after endurance exercise. Normal rats were loaded to a transient treadmill running until exhaustion. Serum, skeletal muscle, and liver were collected immediately after the exercise. The NAT concentration in the plasma and in the soleus muscle from the exercised rats was significantly increased compared to that in the samples from the sedentary control rats. There was a significant positive correlation in the NAT concentration between the plasma and soleus muscle. The NAT concentration in the liver was unchanged after the endurance exercise. These results confirm that the significantly increased NAT in both the serum and urine after endurance exercise is derived from NAT synthesis in the skeletal muscle.


Effect of closed fracture on spot urinary thiobarbituric acid reactive substance level in old rats

Gazzetta Medica Italiana Archivio per le Scienze Mediche


Influence of aerobic exercise training on post-exercise responses of aortic pulse pressure and augmentation pressure in postmenopausal women.

Central arterial blood pressure (BP) is more predictive of future cardiovascular events than is brachial BP because it reflects the BP load imposed on the left ventricle with greater accuracy. However, little is known about the effects of exercise training on central hemodynamic response to acute exercise. The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of an aerobic exercise regimen on the response of aortic BP after a single aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women. Nine healthy postmenopausal women (age: 61 ± 2 years) participated in a 12-week aerobic exercise training regimen. Before and after the training, each subjects performed a single bout of cycling at ventilatory thresholds for 30 min. We evaluated the post-exercise aortic BP response, which was estimated via the general transfer function from applanation tonometry. After the initial pre-training aerobic exercise session, aortic BP did not change significantly: however, aortic pulse pressure and augmentation pressure were significantly attenuated after the single aerobic exercise session following the 12-week training regimen. The present study demonstrated that a regular aerobic exercise training regimen induced the post-exercise reduction of aortic pulse pressure and augmentation pressure. Regular aerobic exercise training may enhance post-exercise reduction in aortic BP.


Increased N-acetyltaurine in serum and urine after endurance exercise in human.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology


Taurine supplementation reduces eccentric exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness in young men.


Lifestyle modification-induced increase in serum testosterone and SHBG decreases arterial stiffness in overweight and obese men


The change in salivary taurine level following 3 consecutive soccer match in collegiate male soccer players

男子大学サッカー選手における試合合宿前後の唾液中タウリン濃度の変動

Strenuous and consecutive exercise results in fatigue symptoms accompanied decrease in salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in athletes. On the other hand, it has been reported that plasma taurine concentration was increased after the high intensity exercise. However, change in salivary taurine concentration after strenuous and consecutive exercise is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between fatigue symptoms and changes in salivary taurine concentration in collegiate male soccer players. Thirty seven collegiate male soccer players participated in three consecutive days of match program. To detect of fatigued players, we measured awakening heart rate and body weight. As the results of these two measurements, we divided subjects to two groups (non-fatigue group, n=15; fatigue group, n=22). We also measured salivary sIgA and taurine concentrations before and after program. Before the program, there were no significant differences in any parameters between two groups. Salivary flow rate and sIgA secretion rate were significantly decreased after the program in the fatigue group. Furthermore, salivary taurine concentration was significantly increased after the program in the fatigue group. In the non-fatigue group, there were no significant differences in any parameters during program. Our results indicated that salivary taurine concentration increased after consecutive high-intense exercise in the collegiate male soccer players.

Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine


Combined effect of branched-chain amino acids and taurine supplementation on delayed onset muscle soreness and muscle damage in high-intensity eccentric exercise.

A combination of 3.2 g BCAA and 2.0 g taurine, three times a day, for two weeks prior to and three days after exercise may be a useful nutritional strategy for attenuating exercise-induced DOMS and muscle damage.

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition


Additional effects of taurine on the benefits of BCAA intake for the delayed-onset muscle soreness and muscle damage induced by high-intensity eccentric exercise.

Taurine (TAU) has a lot of the biological, physiological, and pharmocological functions including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress. Although previous studies have appreciated the effectiveness of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) on the delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), consistent finding has not still convinced. The aim of this study was to examine the additional effect of TAU with BCAA on the DOMS and muscle damages after eccentric exercise. Thirty-six untrained male volunteers were equally divided into four groups, and ingested a combination with 2.0 g TAU (or placebo) and 3.2 g BCAA (or placebo), thrice a day, 2 weeks prior to and 4 days after elbow flexion eccentric exercise. Following the period after eccentric exercise, the physiological and blood biochemical markers for DOMS and muscle damage showed improvement in the combination of TAU and BCAA supplementation rather than in the single or placebo supplementations. In conclusion, additional supplement of TAU with BCAA would be a useful way to attenuate DOMS and muscle damages induced by high-intensity exercise.


Effect of taurine supplementation on the alterations in amino Acid content in skeletal muscle with exercise in rat.

Taurine included abundantly in skeletal muscle, particularly in the slow-twitch fibers, enhances exercise performance. However, the exact mechanisms for this effect have been unclear. The present study investigated the influence of taurine supplementation on amino acids profile in skeletal muscles as one of mechanisms in the enhancement of exercise performance induced by taurine. In the rats that received taurine solution, amino acids concentrations were comprehensively quantified in two portions with different fiber compositions in the fast-twitch fiber dominant (FFD) gastrocnemius muscle after 2 weeks, and in the gastrocnemius and additional other FFD muscles, liver, and plasma with exhausted exercise after 3 weeks. In the FFD muscles after 2 weeks, a common phenomenon that decreased concentrations of threonine (-16%), serine (-15~-16%), and glycine (-6~-16%) were observed, and they are categorized in the pyruvate precursors for hepatic gluconeogenesis rather than biosynthesis, polar, and side-chain structures. The decreases in the three amino acids were significantly emphasized after an additional week of taurine supplementation in the FFD muscles (p values in three amino acids in these tissues were less than 0.001-0.05), but not in the liver and plasma, accompanied with significantly increase of running time to exhaustion (p <0.05). In contrast, the three amino acids (threonine and serine; p < 0.05, glycine; p < 0.01) and alanine (p < 0.01) in the liver were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, following the exhaustive exercise. In conclusion, the taurine-induced reductions of these amino acids in skeletal muscle might be one of the mechanisms which underpin the enhancement of exercise performance by taurine. Key pointsTaurine ingestion significantly decreased certain amino acids in skeletal muscles accompanied with enhanced exercise performance.The decreased amino acids in common were threonine, serine, and glycine, but not alanine; pyruvate precursor for gluconeogenesis.The alteration of three amino acids in muscles was maintained after exhausted exercise.The muscular alterations of them might be one of taurine-induced roles on exercise performance.


タウリン摂取がマウス骨格筋の糖・脂質代謝関連因子へ及ぼす影響

タウリン摂取がマウス骨格筋の糖・脂質代謝関連因子へ及ぼす影響