hota-koba/published_papers/51425349 Hotaka Kobayashi Robert H. Singer A platform for analyzing translational control by RBPs at single-mRNA resolution in cells Biophysical Society of Japan Biophysics and Physicobiology 2189-4779 null null 20251000 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v22.0025 hota-koba/published_papers/32430318 Hotaka Kobayashi Robert H. Singer Single-molecule imaging of microRNA-mediated gene silencing in cells Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, which regulate the expression of thousands of genes; miRNAs silence gene expression from complementary mRNAs through translational repression and mRNA decay. For decades, the function of miRNAs has been studied primarily by ensemble methods, where a bulk collection of molecules is measured outside cells. Thus, the behavior of individual molecules during miRNA-mediated gene silencing, as well as their spatiotemporal regulation inside cells, remains mostly unknown. Here we report single-molecule methods to visualize each step of miRNA-mediated gene silencing in situ inside cells. Simultaneous visualization of single mRNAs, translation, and miRNA-binding revealed that miRNAs preferentially bind to translated mRNAs rather than untranslated mRNAs. Spatiotemporal analysis based on our methods uncovered that miRNAs bind to mRNAs immediately after nuclear export. Subsequently, miRNAs induced translational repression and mRNA decay within 30 and 60 min, respectively, after the binding to mRNAs. This methodology provides a framework for studying miRNA function at the single-molecule level with spatiotemporal information inside cells. Springer Science and Business Media LLC Nature Communications 2041-1723 13 1 null null 20220300 10.1038/s41467-022-29046-5 hota-koba/published_papers/32430271 Daniel J. Klionsky Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz Sara Abdelfatah Mahmoud Abdellatif Asghar Abdoli Steffen Abel Hagai Abeliovich Marie H. Abildgaard Yakubu Princely Abudu Abraham Acevedo-Arozena Iannis E. Adamopoulos Khosrow Adeli Timon E. Adolph Annagrazia Adornetto Elma Aflaki Galila Agam Anupam Agarwal Bharat B. Aggarwal Maria Agnello Patrizia Agostinis Javed N. Agrewala Alexander Agrotis Patricia V. Aguilar S. Tariq Ahmad Zubair M. Ahmed Ulises Ahumada-Castro Sonja Aits Shu Aizawa Yunus Akkoc Tonia Akoumianaki Hafize Aysin Akpinar Ahmed M. Al-Abd Lina Al-Akra Abeer Al-Gharaibeh Moulay A. Alaoui-Jamali Simon Alberti Elísabet Alcocer-Gómez Cristiano Alessandri Muhammad Ali M. Abdul Alim Al-Bari Saeb Aliwaini Javad Alizadeh Eugènia Almacellas Alexandru Almasan Alicia Alonso Guillermo D. Alonso Nihal Altan-Bonnet Dario C. Altieri Élida M. C. Álvarez Sara Alves Cristine Alves da Costa Mazen M. Alzaharna Marialaura Amadio Consuelo Amantini Cristina Amaral Susanna Ambrosio Amal O. Amer Veena Ammanathan Zhenyi An Stig U. Andersen Shaida A. Andrabi Magaiver Andrade-Silva Allen M. Andres Sabrina Angelini David Ann Uche C. Anozie Mohammad Y. Ansari Pedro Antas Adam Antebi Zuriñe Antón Tahira Anwar Lionel Apetoh Nadezda Apostolova Toshiyuki Araki Yasuhiro Araki Kohei Arasaki Wagner L. Araújo Jun Araya Catherine Arden Maria-Angeles Arévalo Sandro Arguelles Esperanza Arias Jyothi Arikkath Hirokazu Arimoto Aileen R. Ariosa Darius Armstrong-James Laetitia Arnauné-Pelloquin Angeles Aroca Daniela S. Arroyo Ivica Arsov Rubén Artero Dalia Maria Lucia Asaro Michael Aschner Milad Ashrafizadeh Osnat Ashur-Fabian Atanas G. Atanasov Alicia K. Au Patrick Auberger Holger W. Auner Laure Aurelian Riccardo Autelli Laura Avagliano Yenniffer Ávalos Sanja Aveic Célia Alexandra Aveleira Tamar Avin-Wittenberg Yucel Aydin Scott Ayton Srinivas Ayyadevara Maria Azzopardi Misuzu Baba Jonathan M. Backer Steven K. Backues Dong-Hun Bae Ok-Nam Bae Soo Han Bae Eric H. Baehrecke Ahruem Baek Seung-Hoon Baek Sung Hee Baek Giacinto Bagetta Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna Hua Bai Jie Bai Xiyuan Bai Yidong Bai Nandadulal Bairagi Shounak Baksi Teresa Balbi Cosima T. Baldari Walter Balduini Andrea Ballabio Maria Ballester Salma Balazadeh Rena Balzan Rina Bandopadhyay Sreeparna Banerjee Sulagna Banerjee Ágnes Bánréti Yan Bao Mauricio S. Baptista Alessandra Baracca Cristiana Barbati Ariadna Bargiela Daniela Barilà Peter G. Barlow Sami J. Barmada Esther Barreiro George E. Barreto Jiri Bartek Bonnie Bartel Alberto Bartolome Gaurav R. Barve Suresh H. Basagoudanavar Diane C. Bassham Robert C. Bast Alakananda Basu Henri Batoko Isabella Batten Etienne E. Baulieu Bradley L. Baumgarner Jagadeesh Bayry Rupert Beale Isabelle Beau Florian Beaumatin Luiz R.G. Bechara George R. Beck Michael F. Beers Jakob Begun Christian Behrends Georg M.N. Behrens Roberto Bei Eloy Bejarano Shai Bel Christian Behl Amine Belaid Naïma Belgareh-Touzé Cristina Bellarosa Francesca Belleudi Melissa Belló Pérez Raquel Bello-Morales Jackeline Soares de Oliveira Beltran Sebastián Beltran Doris Mangiaracina Benbrook Mykolas Bendorius Bruno A. Benitez Irene Benito-Cuesta Julien Bensalem Martin W. Berchtold Sabina Berezowska Daniele Bergamaschi Matteo Bergami Andreas Bergmann Laura Berliocchi Clarisse Berlioz-Torrent Amélie Bernard Lionel Berthoux Cagri G. Besirli Sebastien Besteiro Virginie M. Betin Rudi Beyaert Jelena S. Bezbradica Kiran Bhaskar Ingrid Bhatia-Kissova Resham Bhattacharya Sujoy Bhattacharya Shalmoli Bhattacharyya Md. Shenuarin Bhuiyan Sujit Kumar Bhutia Lanrong Bi Xiaolin Bi Trevor J. Biden Krikor Bijian Viktor A. Billes Nadine Binart Claudia Bincoletto Asa B. Birgisdottir Geir Bjorkoy Gonzalo Blanco Ana Blas-Garcia Janusz Blasiak Robert Blomgran Klas Blomgren Janice S. Blum Emilio Boada-Romero Mirta Boban Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia Philippe Boeuf Barry Boland Pascale Bomont Paolo Bonaldo Srinivasa Reddy Bonam Laura Bonfili Juan S. Bonifacino Brian A. Boone Martin D. Bootman Matteo Bordi Christoph Borner Beat C. Bornhauser Gautam Borthakur Jürgen Bosch Santanu Bose Luis M. Botana Juan Botas Chantal M. Boulanger Michael E. Boulton Mathieu Bourdenx Benjamin Bourgeois Nollaig M. Bourke Guilhem Bousquet Patricia Boya Peter V. Bozhkov Luiz H. M. Bozi Tolga O. Bozkurt Doug E. Brackney Christian H. Brandts Ralf J. Braun Gerhard H. Braus Roberto Bravo-Sagua José M. Bravo-San Pedro Patrick Brest Marie-Agnès Bringer Alfredo Briones-Herrera V. Courtney Broaddus Peter Brodersen Jeffrey L. Brodsky Steven L. Brody Paola G. Bronson Jeff M. Bronstein Carolyn N. Brown Rhoderick E. Brown Patricia C. Brum John H. Brumell Nicola Brunetti-Pierri Daniele Bruno Robert J. Bryson-Richardson Cecilia Bucci Carmen Buchrieser Marta Bueno Laura Elisa Buitrago-Molina Simone Buraschi Shilpa Buch J. Ross Buchan Erin M. Buckingham Hikmet Budak Mauricio Budini Geert Bultynck Florin Burada Joseph R. Burgoyne M. Isabel Burón Victor Bustos Sabrina Büttner Elena Butturini Aaron Byrd Isabel Cabas Sandra Cabrera-Benitez Ken Cadwell Jingjing Cai Lu Cai Qian Cai Montserrat Cairó Jose A. Calbet Guy A. Caldwell Kim A. Caldwell Jarrod A. Call Riccardo Calvani Ana C. Calvo Miguel Calvo-Rubio Barrera Niels OS Camara Jacques H. Camonis Nadine Camougrand Michelangelo Campanella Edward M. Campbell François-Xavier Campbell-Valois Silvia Campello Ilaria Campesi Juliane C. Campos Olivier Camuzard Jorge Cancino Danilo Candido de Almeida Laura Canesi Isabella Caniggia Barbara Canonico Carles Cantí Bin Cao Michele Caraglia Beatriz Caramés Evie H. Carchman Elena Cardenal-Muñoz Cesar Cardenas Luis Cardenas Sandra M. Cardoso Jennifer S. Carew Georges F. Carle Gillian Carleton Silvia Carloni Didac Carmona-Gutierrez Leticia A. Carneiro Oliana Carnevali Julian M. Carosi Serena Carra Alice Carrier Lucie Carrier Bernadette Carroll A. Brent Carter Andreia Neves Carvalho Magali Casanova Caty Casas Josefina Casas Chiara Cassioli Eliseo F. Castillo Karen Castillo Sonia Castillo-Lluva Francesca Castoldi Marco Castori Ariel F. Castro Margarida Castro-Caldas Javier Castro-Hernandez Susana Castro-Obregon Sergio D. Catz Claudia Cavadas Federica Cavaliere Gabriella Cavallini Maria Cavinato Maria L. Cayuela Paula Cebollada Rica Valentina Cecarini Francesco Cecconi Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko Simone Cenci Victòria Ceperuelo-Mallafré João J. Cerqueira Janete M. Cerutti Davide Cervia Vildan Bozok Cetintas Silvia Cetrullo Han-Jung Chae Andrei S. Chagin Chee-Yin Chai Gopal Chakrabarti Oishee Chakrabarti Tapas Chakraborty Trinad Chakraborty Mounia Chami Georgios Chamilos David W. Chan Edmond Y. W. Chan Edward D. Chan H.Y. Edwin Chan Helen H. Chan Hung Chan Matthew T.V. Chan Yau Sang Chan Partha K. Chandra Chih-Peng Chang Chunmei Chang Hao-Chun Chang Kai Chang Jie Chao Tracey Chapman Nicolas Charlet-Berguerand Samrat Chatterjee Shail K. Chaube Anu Chaudhary Santosh Chauhan Edward Chaum Frédéric Checler Michael E. Cheetham Chang-Shi Chen Guang-Chao Chen Jian-Fu Chen Liam L. Chen Leilei Chen Lin Chen Mingliang Chen Mu-Kuan Chen Ning Chen Quan Chen Ruey-Hwa Chen Shi Chen Wei Chen Weiqiang Chen Xin-Ming Chen Xiong-Wen Chen Xu Chen Yan Chen Ye-Guang Chen Yingyu Chen Yongqiang Chen Yu-Jen Chen Yue-Qin Chen Zhefan Stephen Chen Zhi Chen Zhi-Hua Chen Zhijian J. Chen Zhixiang Chen Hanhua Cheng Jun Cheng Shi-Yuan Cheng Wei Cheng Xiaodong Cheng Xiu-Tang Cheng Yiyun Cheng Zhiyong Cheng Zhong Chen Heesun Cheong Jit Kong Cheong Boris V. Chernyak Sara Cherry Chi Fai Randy Cheung Chun Hei Antonio Cheung King-Ho Cheung Eric Chevet Richard J. Chi Alan Kwok Shing Chiang Ferdinando Chiaradonna Roberto Chiarelli Mario Chiariello Nathalia Chica Susanna Chiocca Mario Chiong Shih-Hwa Chiou Abhilash I. Chiramel Valerio Chiurchiù Dong-Hyung Cho Seong-Kyu Choe Augustine M.K. Choi Mary E. Choi Kamalika Roy Choudhury Norman S. Chow Charleen T. Chu Jason P. Chua John Jia En Chua Hyewon Chung Kin Pan Chung Seockhoon Chung So-Hyang Chung Yuen-Li Chung Valentina Cianfanelli Iwona A. Ciechomska Mariana Cifuentes Laura Cinque Sebahattin Cirak Mara Cirone Michael J. Clague Robert Clarke Emilio Clementi Eliana M. Coccia Patrice Codogno Ehud Cohen Mickael M. Cohen Tania Colasanti Fiorella Colasuonno Robert A. Colbert Anna Colell Miodrag Čolić Nuria S. Coll Mark O. Collins María I. Colombo Daniel A. Colón-Ramos Lydie Combaret Sergio Comincini Márcia R. Cominetti Antonella Consiglio Andrea Conte Fabrizio Conti Viorica Raluca Contu Mark R. Cookson Kevin M. Coombs Isabelle Coppens Maria Tiziana Corasaniti Dale P. Corkery Nils Cordes Katia Cortese Maria do Carmo Costa Sarah Costantino Paola Costelli Ana Coto-Montes Peter J. Crack Jose L. Crespo Alfredo Criollo Valeria Crippa Riccardo Cristofani Tamas Csizmadia Antonio Cuadrado Bing Cui Jun Cui Yixian Cui Yong Cui Emmanuel Culetto Andrea C. Cumino Andrey V. Cybulsky Mark J. Czaja Stanislaw J. Czuczwar Stefania D'Adamo Marcello D'Amelio Daniela D'Arcangelo Andrew C. D'Lugos Gabriella D'Orazi James A. da Silva Hormos Salimi Dafsari Ruben K. Dagda Yasin Dagdas Maria Daglia Xiaoxia Dai Yun Dai Yuyuan Dai Jessica Dal Col Paul Dalhaimer Luisa Dalla Valle Tobias Dallenga Guillaume Dalmasso Markus Damme Ilaria Dando Nico P. Dantuma April L. Darling Hiranmoy Das Srinivasan Dasarathy Santosh K. Dasari Srikanta Dash Oliver Daumke Adrian N. Dauphinee Jeffrey S. Davies Valeria A. Dávila Roger J. Davis Tanja Davis Sharadha Dayalan Naidu Francesca De Amicis Karolien De Bosscher Francesca De Felice Lucia De Franceschi Chiara De Leonibus Mayara G. de Mattos Barbosa Guido R.Y. De Meyer Angelo De Milito Cosimo De Nunzio Clara De Palma Mauro De Santi Claudio De Virgilio Daniela De Zio Jayanta Debnath Brian J. DeBosch Jean-Paul Decuypere Mark A. Deehan Gianluca Deflorian James DeGregori Benjamin Dehay Gabriel Del Rio Joe R. Delaney Lea M. D. Delbridge Elizabeth Delorme-Axford M. Victoria Delpino Francesca Demarchi Vilma Dembitz Nicholas D. Demers Hongbin Deng Zhiqiang Deng Joern Dengjel Paul Dent Donna Denton Melvin L. DePamphilis Channing J. Der Vojo Deretic Albert Descoteaux Laura Devis Sushil Devkota Olivier Devuyst Grant Dewson Mahendiran Dharmasivam Rohan Dhiman Diego di Bernardo Manlio Di Cristina Fabio Di Domenico Pietro Di Fazio Alessio Di Fonzo Giovanni Di Guardo Gianni M. Di Guglielmo Luca Di Leo Chiara Di Malta Alessia Di Nardo Martina Di Rienzo Federica Di Sano George Diallinas Jiajie Diao Guillermo Diaz-Araya Inés Díaz-Laviada Jared M. Dickinson Marc Diederich Mélanie Dieudé Ivan Dikic Shiping Ding Wen-Xing Ding Luciana Dini Jelena Dinić Miroslav Dinic Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova Marc S. Dionne Jörg H.W. Distler Abhinav Diwan Ian M.C. Dixon Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny Ina Dobrinski Oxana Dobrovinskaya Radek Dobrowolski Renwick C.J. Dobson Jelena Đokić Serap Dokmeci Emre Massimo Donadelli Bo Dong Xiaonan Dong Zhiwu Dong Gerald W. Dorn II Volker Dotsch Huan Dou Juan Dou Moataz Dowaidar Sami Dridi Liat Drucker Ailian Du Caigan Du Guangwei Du Hai-Ning Du Li-Lin Du André du Toit Shao-Bin Duan Xiaoqiong Duan Sónia P. Duarte Anna Dubrovska Elaine A. Dunlop Nicolas Dupont Raúl V. Durán Bilikere S. Dwarakanath Sergey A. Dyshlovoy Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari Leopold Eckhart Charles L. Edelstein Thomas Efferth Eftekhar Eftekharpour Ludwig Eichinger Nabil Eid Tobias Eisenberg N. Tony Eissa Sanaa Eissa Miriam Ejarque Abdeljabar El Andaloussi Nazira El-Hage Shahenda El-Naggar Anna Maria Eleuteri Eman S. El-Shafey Mohamed Elgendy Aristides G. Eliopoulos María M. Elizalde Philip M. Elks Hans-Peter Elsasser Eslam S. Elsherbiny Brooke M. Emerling N. C. Tolga Emre Christina H. Eng Nikolai Engedal Anna-Mart Engelbrecht Agnete S.T. Engelsen Jorrit M. Enserink Ricardo Escalante Audrey Esclatine Mafalda Escobar-Henriques Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen Lucile Espert Makandjou-Ola Eusebio Gemma Fabrias Cinzia Fabrizi Antonio Facchiano Francesco Facchiano Bengt Fadeel Claudio Fader Alex C. Faesen W. Douglas Fairlie Alberto Falcó Bjorn H. Falkenburger Daping Fan Jie Fan Yanbo Fan Evandro F. Fang Yanshan Fang Yognqi Fang Manolis Fanto Tamar Farfel-Becker Mathias Faure Gholamreza Fazeli Anthony O. Fedele Arthur M. Feldman Du Feng Jiachun Feng Lifeng Feng Yibin Feng Yuchen Feng Wei Feng Thais Fenz Araujo Thomas A. Ferguson Álvaro F. Fernández Jose C. Fernandez-Checa Sonia Fernández-Veledo Alisdair R. Fernie Anthony W. Ferrante Alessandra Ferraresi Merari F. Ferrari Julio C.B. Ferreira Susan Ferro-Novick Antonio Figueras Riccardo Filadi Nicoletta Filigheddu Eduardo Filippi-Chiela Giuseppe Filomeni Gian Maria Fimia Vittorio Fineschi Francesca Finetti Steven Finkbeiner Edward A. Fisher Paul B. Fisher Flavio Flamigni Steven J. Fliesler Trude H. Flo Ida Florance Oliver Florey Tullio Florio Erika Fodor Carlo Follo Edward A. Fon Antonella Forlino Francesco Fornai Paola Fortini Anna Fracassi Alessandro Fraldi Brunella Franco Rodrigo Franco Flavia Franconi Lisa B. Frankel Scott L. Friedman Leopold F. Fröhlich Gema Frühbeck Jose M. Fuentes Yukio Fujiki Naonobu Fujita Yuuki Fujiwara Mitsunori Fukuda Simone Fulda Luc Furic Norihiko Furuya Carmela Fusco Michaela U. Gack Lidia Gaffke Sehamuddin Galadari Alessia Galasso Maria F. Galindo Sachith Gallolu Kankanamalage Lorenzo Galluzzi Vincent Galy Noor Gammoh Boyi Gan Ian G. Ganley Feng Gao Hui Gao Minghui Gao Ping Gao Shou-Jiang Gao Wentao Gao Xiaobo Gao Ana Garcera Maria Noé Garcia Verónica E. Garcia Francisco García-Del Portillo Vega Garcia-Escudero Aracely Garcia-Garcia Marina Garcia-Macia Diana García-Moreno Carmen Garcia-Ruiz Patricia García-Sanz Abhishek D. Garg Ricardo Gargini Tina Garofalo Robert F. Garry Nils C. Gassen Damian Gatica Liang Ge Wanzhong Ge Ruth Geiss-Friedlander Cecilia Gelfi Pascal Genschik Ian E. Gentle Valeria Gerbino Christoph Gerhardt Kyla Germain Marc Germain David A. Gewirtz Elham Ghasemipour Afshar Saeid Ghavami Alessandra Ghigo Manosij Ghosh Georgios Giamas Claudia Giampietri Alexandra Giatromanolaki Gary E. Gibson Spencer B. Gibson Vanessa Ginet Edward Giniger Carlotta Giorgi Henrique Girao Stephen E. Girardin Mridhula Giridharan Sandy Giuliano Cecilia Giulivi Sylvie Giuriato Julien Giustiniani Alexander Gluschko Veit Goder Alexander Goginashvili Jakub Golab David C. Goldstone Anna Golebiewska Luciana R. Gomes Rodrigo Gomez Rubén Gómez-Sánchez Maria Catalina Gomez-Puerto Raquel Gomez-Sintes Qingqiu Gong Felix M. Goni Javier González-Gallego Tomas Gonzalez-Hernandez Rosa A. Gonzalez-Polo Jose A. Gonzalez-Reyes Patricia González-Rodríguez Ing Swie Goping Marina S. Gorbatyuk Nikolai V. Gorbunov Kıvanç Görgülü Roxana M. Gorojod Sharon M. Gorski Sandro Goruppi Cecilia Gotor Roberta A. Gottlieb Illana Gozes Devrim Gozuacik Martin Graef Markus H. Gräler Veronica Granatiero Daniel Grasso Joshua P. Gray Douglas R. Green Alexander Greenhough Stephen L. Gregory Edward F. Griffin Mark W. Grinstaff Frederic Gros Charles Grose Angelina S. Gross Florian Gruber Paolo Grumati Tilman Grune Xueyan Gu Jun-Lin Guan Carlos M. Guardia Kishore Guda Flora Guerra Consuelo Guerri Prasun Guha Carlos Guillén Shashi Gujar Anna Gukovskaya Ilya Gukovsky Jan Gunst Andreas Günther Anyonya R. Guntur Chuanyong Guo Chun Guo Hongqing Guo Lian-Wang Guo Ming Guo Pawan Gupta Shashi Kumar Gupta Swapnil Gupta Veer Bala Gupta Vivek Gupta Asa B. Gustafsson David D. Gutterman Ranjitha H.B. Annakaisa Haapasalo James E. Haber Aleksandra Hać Shinji Hadano Anders J. Hafrén Mansour Haidar Belinda S. Hall Gunnel Halldén Anne Hamacher-Brady Andrea Hamann Maho Hamasaki Weidong Han Malene Hansen Phyllis I. Hanson Zijian Hao Masaru Harada Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic Nirmala Hariharan Nigil Haroon James Harris Takafumi Hasegawa Noor Hasima Nagoor Jeffrey A. Haspel Volker Haucke Wayne D. Hawkins Bruce A. Hay Cole M. Haynes Soren B. Hayrabedyan Thomas S. Hays Congcong He Qin He Rong-Rong He You-Wen He Yu-Ying He Yasser Heakal Alexander M. Heberle J. Fielding Hejtmancik Gudmundur Vignir Helgason Vanessa Henkel Marc Herb Alexander Hergovich Anna Herman-Antosiewicz Agustín Hernández Carlos Hernandez Sergio Hernandez-Diaz Virginia Hernandez-Gea Amaury Herpin Judit Herreros Javier H. Hervás Daniel Hesselson Claudio Hetz Volker T. Heussler Yujiro Higuchi Sabine Hilfiker Joseph A. Hill William S. Hlavacek Emmanuel A. Ho Idy H.T. Ho Philip Wing-Lok Ho Shu-Leong Ho Wan Yun Ho G. Aaron Hobbs Mark Hochstrasser Peter H.M. Hoet Daniel Hofius Paul Hofman Annika Höhn Carina I. Holmberg Jose R. Hombrebueno Chang-Won Hong, Yi-Ren Hong Lora V. Hooper Thorsten Hoppe Rastislav Horos Yujin Hoshida I-Lun Hsin Hsin-Yun Hsu Bing Hu Dong Hu Li-Fang Hu Ming Chang Hu Ronggui Hu Wei Hu Yu-Chen Hu Zhuo-Wei Hu Fang Hua Jinlian Hua Yingqi Hua Chongmin Huan Canhua Huang Chuanshu Huang Chuanxin Huang Chunling Huang Haishan Huang Kun Huang Michael L.H. Huang Rui Huang Shan Huang Tianzhi Huang Xing Huang Yuxiang Jack Huang Tobias B. Huber Virginie Hubert Christian A. Hubner Stephanie M. Hughes William E. Hughes Magali Humbert Gerhard Hummer James H. Hurley Sabah Hussain Salik Hussain Patrick J. Hussey Martina Hutabarat Hui-Yun Hwang Seungmin Hwang Antonio Ieni Fumiyo Ikeda Yusuke Imagawa Yuzuru Imai Carol Imbriano Masaya Imoto Denise M. Inman Ken Inoki Juan Iovanna Renato V. Iozzo Giuseppe Ippolito Javier E. Irazoqui Pablo Iribarren Mohd Ishaq Makoto Ishikawa Nestor Ishimwe Ciro Isidoro Nahed Ismail Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas Eisuke Itakura Daisuke Ito Davor Ivankovic Saška Ivanova Anand Krishnan V. Iyer José M. Izquierdo Masanori Izumi Marja Jäättelä Majid Sakhi Jabir William T. Jackson Nadia Jacobo-Herrera Anne-Claire Jacomin Elise Jacquin Pooja Jadiya Hartmut Jaeschke Chinnaswamy Jagannath Arjen J. Jakobi Johan Jakobsson Bassam Janji Pidder Jansen-Dürr Patric J. Jansson Jonathan Jantsch Sławomir Januszewski Alagie Jassey Steve Jean Hélène Jeltsch-David Pavla Jendelova Andreas Jenny Thomas E. Jensen Niels Jessen Jenna L. Jewell Jing Ji Lijun Jia Rui Jia Liwen Jiang Qing Jiang Richeng Jiang Teng Jiang Xuejun Jiang Yu Jiang Maria Jimenez-Sanchez Eun-Jung Jin Fengyan Jin Hongchuan Jin Li Jin Luqi Jin Meiyan Jin Si Jin Eun-Kyeong Jo Carine Joffre Terje Johansen Gail V.W. Johnson Simon A. Johnston Eija Jokitalo Mohit Kumar Jolly Leo A.B. Joosten Joaquin Jordan Bertrand Joseph Dianwen Ju Jeong-Sun Ju Jingfang Ju Esmeralda Juárez Delphine Judith Gábor Juhász Youngsoo Jun Chang Hwa Jung Sung-Chul Jung Yong Keun Jung Heinz Jungbluth Johannes Jungverdorben Steffen Just Kai Kaarniranta Allen Kaasik Tomohiro Kabuta Daniel Kaganovich Alon Kahana Renate Kain Shinjo Kajimura Maria Kalamvoki Manjula Kalia Danuta S. Kalinowski Nina Kaludercic Ioanna Kalvari Joanna Kaminska Vitaliy O. Kaminskyy Hiromitsu Kanamori Keizo Kanasaki Chanhee Kang Rui Kang Sang Sun Kang Senthilvelrajan Kaniyappan Tomotake Kanki Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti Anumantha G. Kanthasamy Arthi Kanthasamy Marc Kantorow Orsolya Kapuy Michalis V. Karamouzis Md. Razaul Karim Parimal Karmakar Rajesh G. Katare Masaru Kato Stefan H.E. Kaufmann Anu Kauppinen Gur P. Kaushal Susmita Kaushik Kiyoshi Kawasaki Kemal Kazan Po-Yuan Ke Damien J. Keating Ursula Keber John H. Kehrl Kate E. Keller Christian W. Keller Jongsook Kim Kemper Candia M. Kenific Oliver Kepp Stephanie Kermorgant Andreas Kern Robin Ketteler Tom G. Keulers Boris Khalfin Hany Khalil Bilon Khambu Shahid Y. Khan Vinoth Kumar Megraj Khandelwal Rekha Khandia Widuri Kho Noopur V. Khobrekar Sataree Khuansuwan Mukhran Khundadze Samuel A. Killackey Dasol Kim Deok Ryong Kim Do-Hyung Kim Dong-Eun Kim Eun Young Kim Eun-Kyoung Kim Hak-Rim Kim Hee-Sik Kim Hyung-Ryong Kim Jeong Hun Kim Jin Kyung Kim Jin-Hoi Kim Joungmok Kim Ju Hwan Kim Keun Il Kim Peter K. Kim Seong-Jun Kim Scot R. Kimball Adi Kimchi Alec C. Kimmelman Tomonori Kimura Matthew A. King Kerri J. Kinghorn Conan G. Kinsey Vladimir Kirkin Lorrie A. Kirshenbaum Sergey L. Kiselev Shuji Kishi Katsuhiko Kitamoto Yasushi Kitaoka Kaio Kitazato Richard N. Kitsis Josef T. Kittler Ole Kjaerulff Peter S. Klein Thomas Klopstock Jochen Klucken Helene Knævelsrud Roland L. Knorr Ben C.B. Ko Fred Ko Jiunn-Liang Ko Hotaka Kobayashi Satoru Kobayashi Ina Koch Jan C. Koch Ulrich Koenig Donat Kögel Young Ho Koh Masato Koike Sepp D. Kohlwein Nur M. Kocaturk Masaaki Komatsu Jeannette König Toru Kono Benjamin T. Kopp Tamas Korcsmaros Gözde Korkmaz Viktor I. Korolchuk Mónica Suárez Korsnes Ali Koskela Janaiah Kota Yaichiro Kotake Monica L. Kotler Yanjun Kou Michael I. Koukourakis Evangelos Koustas Attila L. Kovacs Tibor Kovács Daisuke Koya Tomohiro Kozako Claudine Kraft Dimitri Krainc Helmut Krämer Anna D. Krasnodembskaya Carole Kretz-Remy Guido Kroemer Nicholas T. Ktistakis Kazuyuki Kuchitsu Sabine Kuenen Lars Kuerschner Thomas Kukar Ajay Kumar Ashok Kumar Deepak Kumar Dhiraj Kumar Sharad Kumar Shinji Kume Caroline Kumsta Chanakya N. Kundu Mondira Kundu Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara Lukasz Kurgan Tatiana G. Kutateladze Ozlem Kutlu SeongAe Kwak Ho Jeong Kwon Taeg Kyu Kwon Yong Tae Kwon Irene Kyrmizi Albert La Spada Patrick Labonté Sylvain Ladoire Ilaria Laface Frank Lafont Diane C. Lagace Vikramjit Lahiri Zhibing Lai Angela S. Laird Aparna Lakkaraju Trond Lamark Sheng-Hui Lan Ane Landajuela Darius J. R. Lane Jon D. Lane Charles H. Lang Carsten Lange Ülo Langel Rupert Langer Pierre Lapaquette Jocelyn Laporte Nicholas F. LaRusso Isabel Lastres-Becker Wilson Chun Yu Lau Gordon W. Laurie Sergio Lavandero Betty Yuen Kwan Law Helen Ka-wai Law Rob Layfield Weidong Le Herve Le Stunff Alexandre Y. Leary Jean-Jacques Lebrun Lionel Y.W. Leck Jean-Philippe Leduc-Gaudet Changwook Lee Chung-Pei Lee Da-Hye Lee Edward B. Lee Erinna F. Lee Gyun Min Lee He-Jin Lee Heung Kyu Lee Jae Man Lee Jason S. Lee Jin-A Lee Joo-Yong Lee Jun Hee Lee Michael Lee Min Goo Lee Min Jae Lee Myung-Shik Lee Sang Yoon Lee Seung-Jae Lee Stella Y. Lee Sung Bae Lee Won Hee Lee Ying-Ray Lee Yong-ho Lee Youngil Lee Christophe Lefebvre Renaud Legouis Yu L. Lei Yuchen Lei Sergey Leikin Gerd Leitinger Leticia Lemus Shuilong Leng Olivia Lenoir Guido Lenz Heinz Josef Lenz Paola Lenzi Yolanda León Andréia M. Leopoldino Christoph Leschczyk Stina Leskelä Elisabeth Letellier Chi-Ting Leung Po Sing Leung Jeremy S. Leventhal Beth Levine Patrick A. Lewis Klaus Ley Bin Li Da-Qiang Li Jianming Li Jing Li Jiong Li Ke Li Liwu Li Mei Li Min Li Min Li Ming Li Mingchuan Li Pin-Lan Li Ming-Qing Li Qing Li Sheng Li Tiangang Li Wei Li Wenming Li Xue Li Yi-Ping Li Yuan Li Zhiqiang Li Zhiyong Li Zhiyuan Li Jiqin Lian Chengyu Liang Qiangrong Liang Weicheng Liang Yongheng Liang YongTian Liang Guanghong Liao Lujian Liao Mingzhi Liao Yung-Feng Liao Mariangela Librizzi Pearl P. Y. Lie Mary A. Lilly Hyunjung J. Lim Thania R.R. Lima Federica Limana Chao Lin Chih-Wen Lin Dar-Shong Lin Fu-Cheng Lin Jiandie D. Lin Kurt M. Lin Kwang-Huei Lin Liang-Tzung Lin Pei-Hui Lin Qiong Lin Shaofeng Lin Su-Ju Lin Wenyu Lin Xueying Lin Yao-Xin Lin Yee-Shin Lin Rafael Linden Paula Lindner Shuo-Chien Ling Paul Lingor Amelia K. Linnemann Yih-Cherng Liou Marta M. Lipinski Saška Lipovšek Vitor A. Lira Natalia Lisiak Paloma B. Liton Chao Liu Ching-Hsuan Liu Chun-Feng Liu Cui Hua Liu Fang Liu Hao Liu Hsiao-Sheng Liu Hua-feng Liu Huifang Liu Jia Liu Jing Liu Julia Liu Leyuan Liu Longhua Liu Meilian Liu Qin Liu Wei Liu Wende Liu Xiao-Hong Liu Xiaodong Liu Xingguo Liu Xu Liu Xuedong Liu Yanfen Liu Yang Liu Yang Liu Yueyang Liu Yule Liu J. Andrew Livingston Gerard Lizard Jose M. Lizcano Senka Ljubojevic-Holzer Matilde E. LLeonart David Llobet-Navàs Alicia Llorente Chih Hung Lo Damián Lobato-Márquez Qi Long Yun Chau Long Ben Loos Julia A. Loos Manuela G. López Guillermo López-Doménech José Antonio López-Guerrero Ana T. López-Jiménez Óscar López-Pérez Israel López-Valero Magdalena J. Lorenowicz Mar Lorente Peter Lorincz Laura Lossi Sophie Lotersztajn Penny E. Lovat Jonathan F. Lovell Alenka Lovy Péter Lőw Guang Lu Haocheng Lu Jia-Hong Lu Jin-Jian Lu Mengji Lu Shuyan Lu Alessandro Luciani John M. Lucocq Paula Ludovico Micah A. Luftig Morten Luhr Diego Luis-Ravelo Julian J. Lum Liany Luna-Dulcey Anders H. Lund Viktor K. Lund Jan D. Lünemann Patrick Lüningschrör Honglin Luo Rongcan Luo Shouqing Luo Zhi Luo Claudio Luparello Bernhard Lüscher Luan Luu Alex Lyakhovich Konstantin G. Lyamzaev Alf Håkon Lystad Lyubomyr Lytvynchuk Alvin C. Ma Changle Ma Mengxiao Ma Ning-Fang Ma Quan-Hong Ma Xinliang Ma Yueyun Ma Zhenyi Ma Ormond A. MacDougald Fernando Macian Gustavo C. MacIntosh Jeffrey P. MacKeigan Kay F. Macleod Sandra Maday Frank Madeo Muniswamy Madesh Tobias Madl Julio Madrigal-Matute Akiko Maeda Yasuhiro Maejima Marta Magarinos Poornima Mahavadi Emiliano Maiani Kenneth Maiese Panchanan Maiti Maria Chiara Maiuri Barbara Majello Michael B. Major Elena Makareeva Fayaz Malik Karthik Mallilankaraman Walter Malorni Alina Maloyan Najiba Mammadova Gene Chi Wai Man Federico Manai Joseph D. Mancias Eva-Maria Mandelkow Michael A. Mandell Angelo A. Manfredi Masoud H. Manjili Ravi Manjithaya Patricio Manque Bella B. Manshian Raquel Manzano Claudia Manzoni Kai Mao Cinzia Marchese Sandrine Marchetti Anna Maria Marconi Fabrizio Marcucci Stefania Mardente Olga A. Mareninova Marta Margeta Muriel Mari Sara Marinelli Oliviero Marinelli Guillermo Mariño Sofia Mariotto Richard S. Marshall Mark R. Marten Sascha Martens Alexandre P.J. Martin Katie R. Martin Sara Martin Shaun Martin Adrián Martín-Segura Miguel A. Martín-Acebes Inmaculada Martin-Burriel Marcos Martin-Rincon Paloma Martin-Sanz José A. Martina Wim Martinet Aitor Martinez Ana Martinez Jennifer Martinez Moises Martinez Velazquez Nuria Martinez-Lopez Marta Martinez-Vicente Daniel O. Martins Joilson O. Martins Waleska K. Martins Tania Martins-Marques Emanuele Marzetti Shashank Masaldan Celine Masclaux-Daubresse Douglas G. Mashek Valentina Massa Lourdes Massieu Glenn R. Masson Laura Masuelli Anatoliy I. Masyuk Tetyana V. Masyuk Paola Matarrese Ander Matheu Satoaki Matoba Sachiko Matsuzaki Pamela Mattar Alessandro Matte Domenico Mattoscio José L. Mauriz Mario Mauthe Caroline Mauvezin Emanual Maverakis Paola Maycotte Johanna Mayer Gianluigi Mazzoccoli Cristina Mazzoni Joseph R. Mazzulli Nami McCarty Christine McDonald Mitchell R. McGill Sharon L. McKenna BethAnn McLaughlin Fionn McLoughlin Mark A. McNiven Thomas G. McWilliams Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou Tania Catarina Medeiros Diego L. Medina Lynn A. Megeney Klara Megyeri Maryam Mehrpour Jawahar L. Mehta Alfred J. Meijer Annemarie H. Meijer Jakob Mejlvang Alicia Meléndez Annette Melk Gonen Memisoglu Alexandrina F. Mendes Delong Meng Fei Meng Tian Meng Rubem Menna-Barreto Manoj B. Menon Carol Mercer Anne E. Mercier Jean-Louis Mergny Adalberto Merighi Seth D. Merkley Giuseppe Merla Volker Meske Ana Cecilia Mestre Shree Padma Metur Christian Meyer Hemmo Meyer Wenyi Mi Jeanne Mialet-Perez Junying Miao Lucia Micale Yasuo Miki Enrico Milan Małgorzata Milczarek Dana L. Miller Samuel I. Miller Silke Miller Steven W. Millward Ira Milosevic Elena A. Minina Hamed Mirzaei Hamid Reza Mirzaei Mehdi Mirzaei Amit Mishra Nandita Mishra Paras Kumar Mishra Maja Misirkic Marjanovic Roberta Misasi Amit Misra Gabriella Misso Claire Mitchell Geraldine Mitou Tetsuji Miura Shigeki Miyamoto Makoto Miyazaki Mitsunori Miyazaki Taiga Miyazaki Keisuke Miyazawa Noboru Mizushima Trine H. Mogensen Baharia Mograbi Reza Mohammadinejad Yasir Mohamud Abhishek Mohanty Sipra Mohapatra Torsten Möhlmann Asif Mohmmed Anna Moles Kelle H. Moley Maurizio Molinari Vincenzo Mollace Andreas Buch Møller Bertrand Mollereau Faustino Mollinedo Costanza Montagna Mervyn J. Monteiro Andrea Montella L. Ruth Montes Barbara Montico Vinod K. Mony Giacomo Monzio Compagnoni Michael N. Moore Mohammad A. Moosavi Ana L. Mora Marina Mora David Morales-Alamo Rosario Moratalla Paula I. Moreira Elena Morelli Sandra Moreno Daniel Moreno-Blas Viviana Moresi Benjamin Morga Alwena H. Morgan Fabrice Morin Hideaki Morishita Orson L. Moritz Mariko Moriyama Yuji Moriyasu Manuela Morleo Eugenia Morselli Jose F. Moruno-Manchon Jorge Moscat Serge Mostowy Elisa Motori Andrea Felinto Moura Naima Moustaid-Moussa Maria Mrakovcic Gabriel Muciño-Hernández Anupam Mukherjee Subhadip Mukhopadhyay Jean M. Mulcahy Levy Victoriano Mulero Sylviane Muller Christian Münch Ashok Munjal Pura Munoz-Canoves Teresa Muñoz-Galdeano Christian Münz Tomokazu Murakawa Claudia Muratori Brona M. Murphy J. Patrick Murphy Aditya Murthy Timo T. Myöhänen Indira U. Mysorekar Jennifer Mytych Seyed Mohammad Nabavi Massimo Nabissi Péter Nagy Jihoon Nah Aimable Nahimana Ichiro Nakagawa Ken Nakamura Hitoshi Nakatogawa Shyam S. Nandi Meera Nanjundan Monica Nanni Gennaro Napolitano Roberta Nardacci Masashi Narita Melissa Nassif Ilana Nathan Manabu Natsumeda Ryno J. Naude Christin Naumann Olaia Naveiras Fatemeh Navid Steffan T. Nawrocki Taras Y. Nazarko Francesca Nazio Florentina Negoita Thomas Neill Amanda L. Neisch Luca M. Neri Mihai G. Netea Patrick Neubert Thomas P. Neufeld Dietbert Neumann Albert Neutzner Phillip T. Newton Paul A. Ney Ioannis P. Nezis Charlene C.W. Ng Tzi Bun Ng Hang T. T. Nguyen Long T. Nguyen Hong-Min Ni Clíona Ní Cheallaigh Zhenhong Ni M. Celeste Nicolao Francesco Nicoli Manuel Nieto-Diaz Per Nilsson Shunbin Ning Rituraj Niranjan Hiroshi Nishimune Mireia Niso-Santano Ralph A. Nixon Annalisa Nobili Clevio Nobrega Takeshi Noda Uxía Nogueira-Recalde Trevor M. Nolan Ivan Nombela Ivana Novak Beatriz Novoa Takashi Nozawa Nobuyuki Nukina Carmen Nussbaum-Krammer Jesper Nylandsted Tracey R. O'Donovan Seónadh M. O'Leary Eyleen J. O'Rourke Mary P. O'Sullivan Timothy E. O'Sullivan Salvatore Oddo Ina Oehme Michinaga Ogawa Eric Ogier-Denis Margret H. Ogmundsdottir Besim Ogretmen Goo Taeg Oh Seon-Hee Oh Young J. Oh Takashi Ohama Yohei Ohashi Masaki Ohmuraya Vasileios Oikonomou Rani Ojha Koji Okamoto Hitoshi Okazawa Masahide Oku Sara Oliván Jorge M. A. Oliveira Michael Ollmann James A. Olzmann Shakib Omari M. Bishr Omary Gizem Önal Martin Ondrej Sang-Bing Ong Sang-Ging Ong Anna Onnis Juan A. Orellana Sara Orellana-Muñoz Maria Del Mar Ortega-Villaizan Xilma R. Ortiz-Gonzalez Elena Ortona Heinz D. Osiewacz Abdel-Hamid K. Osman Rosario Osta Marisa S. Otegui Kinya Otsu Christiane Ott Luisa Ottobrini Jing-hsiung James Ou Tiago F. Outeiro Inger Oynebraten Melek Ozturk Gilles Pagès Susanta Pahari Marta Pajares Utpal B. Pajvani Rituraj Pal Simona Paladino Nicolas Pallet Michela Palmieri Giuseppe Palmisano Camilla Palumbo Francesco Pampaloni Lifeng Pan Qingjun Pan Wenliang Pan Xin Pan Ganna Panasyuk Rahul Pandey Udai B. Pandey Vrajesh Pandya Francesco Paneni Shirley Y. Pang Elisa Panzarini Daniela L. Papademetrio Elena Papaleo Daniel Papinski Diana Papp Eun Chan Park Hwan Tae Park Ji-Man Park Jong-In Park Joon Tae Park Junsoo Park Sang Chul Park Sang-Youel Park Abraham H. Parola Jan B. Parys Adrien Pasquier Benoit Pasquier João F. Passos Nunzia Pastore Hemal H. Patel Daniel Patschan Sophie Pattingre Gustavo Pedraza-Alva Jose Pedraza-Chaverri Zully Pedrozo Gang Pei Jianming Pei Hadas Peled-Zehavi Joaquín M. Pellegrini Joffrey Pelletier Miguel A. Peñalva Di Peng Ying Peng Fabio Penna Maria Pennuto Francesca Pentimalli Cláudia MF Pereira Gustavo J.S. Pereira Lilian C. Pereira Luis Pereira de Almeida Nirma D. Perera Ángel Pérez-Lara Ana B. Perez-Oliva María Esther Pérez-Pérez Palsamy Periyasamy Andras Perl Cristiana Perrotta Ida Perrotta Richard G. Pestell Morten Petersen Irina Petrache Goran Petrovski Thorsten Pfirrmann Astrid S. Pfister Jennifer A. Philips Huifeng Pi Anna Picca Alicia M. Pickrell Sandy Picot Giovanna M. Pierantoni Marina Pierdominici Philippe Pierre Valérie Pierrefite-Carle Karolina Pierzynowska Federico Pietrocola Miroslawa Pietruczuk Claudio Pignata Felipe X. Pimentel-Muiños Mario Pinar Roberta O. Pinheiro Ronit Pinkas-Kramarski Paolo Pinton Karolina Pircs Sujan Piya Paola Pizzo Theo S. Plantinga Harald W. Platta Ainhoa Plaza-Zabala Markus Plomann Egor Y. Plotnikov Helene Plun-Favreau Ryszard Pluta Roger Pocock Stefanie Pöggeler Christian Pohl Marc Poirot Angelo Poletti Marisa Ponpuak Hana Popelka Blagovesta Popova Helena Porta Soledad Porte Alcon Eliana Portilla-Fernandez Martin Post Malia B. Potts Joanna Poulton Ted Powers Veena Prahlad Tomasz K. Prajsnar Domenico Praticò Rosaria Prencipe Muriel Priault Tassula Proikas-Cezanne Vasilis J. Promponas Christopher G. Proud Rosa Puertollano Luigi Puglielli Thomas Pulinilkunnil Deepika Puri Rajat Puri Julien Puyal Xiaopeng Qi Yongmei Qi Wenbin Qian Lei Qiang Yu Qiu Joe Quadrilatero Jorge Quarleri Nina Raben Hannah Rabinowich Debora Ragona Michael J. Ragusa Nader Rahimi Marveh Rahmati Valeria Raia Nuno Raimundo Namakkal-Soorappan Rajasekaran Sriganesh Ramachandra Rao Abdelhaq Rami Ignacio Ramírez-Pardo David B. Ramsden Felix Randow Pundi N. Rangarajan Danilo Ranieri Hai Rao Lang Rao Rekha Rao Sumit Rathore J. Arjuna Ratnayaka Edward A. Ratovitski Palaniyandi Ravanan Gloria Ravegnini Swapan K. Ray Babak Razani Vito Rebecca Fulvio Reggiori Anne Régnier-Vigouroux Andreas S. Reichert David Reigada Jan H. Reiling Theo Rein Siegfried Reipert Rokeya Sultana Rekha Hongmei Ren Jun Ren Weichao Ren Tristan Renault Giorgia Renga Karen Reue Kim Rewitz Bruna Ribeiro de Andrade Ramos S. Amer Riazuddin Teresa M. Ribeiro-Rodrigues Jean-Ehrland Ricci Romeo Ricci Victoria Riccio Des R. Richardson Yasuko Rikihisa Makarand V. Risbud Ruth M. Risueño Konstantinos Ritis Salvatore Rizza Rosario Rizzuto Helen C. Roberts Luke D. Roberts Katherine J. Robinson Maria Carmela Roccheri Stephane Rocchi George G. Rodney Tiago Rodrigues Vagner Ramon Rodrigues Silva Amaia Rodriguez Ruth Rodriguez-Barrueco Nieves Rodriguez-Henche Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha Jeroen Roelofs Robert S. Rogers Vladimir V. Rogov Ana I. Rojo Krzysztof Rolka Vanina Romanello Luigina Romani Alessandra Romano Patricia S. Romano David Romeo-Guitart Luis C. Romero Montserrat Romero Joseph C. Roney Christopher Rongo Sante Roperto Mathias T. Rosenfeldt Philip Rosenstiel Anne G. Rosenwald Kevin A. Roth Lynn Roth Steven Roth Kasper M.A. Rouschop Benoit D. Roussel Sophie Roux Patrizia Rovere-Querini Ajit Roy Aurore Rozieres Diego Ruano David C. Rubinsztein Maria P. Rubtsova Klaus Ruckdeschel Christoph Ruckenstuhl Emil Rudolf Rüdiger Rudolf Alessandra Ruggieri Avnika Ashok Ruparelia Paola Rusmini Ryan R. Russell Gian Luigi Russo Maria Russo Rossella Russo Oxana O. Ryabaya Kevin M. Ryan Kwon-Yul Ryu Maria Sabater-Arcis Ulka Sachdev Michael Sacher Carsten Sachse Abhishek Sadhu Junichi Sadoshima Nathaniel Safren Paul Saftig Antonia P. Sagona Gaurav Sahay Amirhossein Sahebkar Mustafa Sahin Ozgur Sahin Sumit Sahni Nayuta Saito Shigeru Saito Tsunenori Saito Ryohei Sakai Yasuyoshi Sakai Jun-Ichi Sakamaki Kalle Saksela Gloria Salazar Anna Salazar-Degracia Ghasem H. Salekdeh Ashok K. Saluja Belém Sampaio-Marques Maria Cecilia Sanchez Jose A. Sanchez-Alcazar Victoria Sanchez-Vera Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu J. Thomas Sanderson Marco Sandri Stefano Santaguida Laura Santambrogio Magda M. Santana Giorgio Santoni Alberto Sanz Pascual Sanz Shweta Saran Marco Sardiello Timothy J. Sargeant Apurva Sarin Chinmoy Sarkar Sovan Sarkar Maria-Rosa Sarrias Surajit Sarkar Dipanka Tanu Sarmah Jaakko Sarparanta Aishwarya Sathyanarayan Ranganayaki Sathyanarayanan K. Matthew Scaglione Francesca Scatozza Liliana Schaefer Zachary T. Schafer Ulrich E. Schaible Anthony H.V. Schapira Michael Scharl Hermann M. Schatzl Catherine H. Schein Wiep Scheper David Scheuring Maria Vittoria Schiaffino Monica Schiappacassi Rainer Schindl Uwe Schlattner Oliver Schmidt Roland Schmitt Stephen D. Schmidt Ingo Schmitz Eran Schmukler Anja Schneider Bianca E. Schneider Romana Schober Alejandra C. Schoijet Micah B. Schott Michael Schramm Bernd Schröder Kai Schuh Christoph Schüller Ryan J. Schulze Lea Schürmanns Jens C. Schwamborn Melanie Schwarten Filippo Scialo Sebastiano Sciarretta Melanie J. Scott Kathleen W. Scotto A. Ivana Scovassi Andrea Scrima Aurora Scrivo David Sebastian Salwa Sebti Simon Sedej Laura Segatori Nava Segev Per O. Seglen Iban Seiliez Ekihiro Seki Scott B. Selleck Frank W. Sellke Joshua T. Selsby Michael Sendtner Serif Senturk Elena Seranova Consolato Sergi Ruth Serra-Moreno Hiromi Sesaki Carmine Settembre Subba Rao Gangi Setty Gianluca Sgarbi Ou Sha John J. Shacka Javeed A. Shah Dantong Shang Changshun Shao Feng Shao Soroush Sharbati Lisa M. Sharkey Dipali Sharma Gaurav Sharma Kulbhushan Sharma Pawan Sharma Surendra Sharma Han-Ming Shen Hongtao Shen Jiangang Shen Ming Shen Weili Shen Zheni Shen Rui Sheng Zhi Sheng Zu-Hang Sheng Jianjian Shi Xiaobing Shi Ying-Hong Shi Kahori Shiba-Fukushima Jeng-Jer Shieh Yohta Shimada Shigeomi Shimizu Makoto Shimozawa Takahiro Shintani Christopher J. Shoemaker Shahla Shojaei Ikuo Shoji Bhupendra V. Shravage Viji Shridhar Chih-Wen Shu Hong-Bing Shu Ke Shui Arvind K. Shukla Timothy E. Shutt Valentina Sica Aleem Siddiqui Amanda Sierra Virginia Sierra-Torre Santiago Signorelli Payel Sil Bruno J. de Andrade Silva Johnatas D. Silva Eduardo Silva-Pavez Sandrine Silvente-Poirot Rachel E. Simmonds Anna Katharina Simon Hans-Uwe Simon Matias Simons Anurag Singh Lalit P. Singh Rajat Singh Shivendra V. Singh Shrawan K. Singh Sudha B. Singh Sunaina Singh Surinder Pal Singh Debasish Sinha Rohit Anthony Sinha Sangita Sinha Agnieszka Sirko Kapil Sirohi Efthimios L. Sivridis Panagiotis Skendros Aleksandra Skirycz Iva Slaninová Soraya S. Smaili Andrei Smertenko Matthew D. Smith Stefaan J. Soenen Eun Jung Sohn Sophia P. M. Sok Giancarlo Solaini Thierry Soldati Scott A. Soleimanpour Rosa M. Soler Alexei Solovchenko Jason A. Somarelli Avinash Sonawane Fuyong Song Hyun Kyu Song Ju-Xian Song Kunhua Song Zhiyin Song Leandro R. Soria Maurizio Sorice Alexander A. Soukas Sandra-Fausia Soukup Diana Sousa Nadia Sousa Paul A. Spagnuolo Stephen A. Spector M. M. Srinivas Bharath Daret St. Clair Venturina Stagni Leopoldo Staiano Clint A. Stalnecker Metodi V. Stankov Peter B. Stathopulos Katja Stefan Sven Marcel Stefan Leonidas Stefanis Joan S. Steffan Alexander Steinkasserer Harald Stenmark Jared Sterneckert Craig Stevens Veronika Stoka Stephan Storch Björn Stork Flavie Strappazzon Anne Marie Strohecker Dwayne G. Stupack Huanxing Su Ling-Yan Su Longxiang Su Ana M. Suarez-Fontes Carlos S. Subauste Selvakumar Subbian Paula V. Subirada Ganapasam Sudhandiran Carolyn M. Sue Xinbing Sui Corey Summers Guangchao Sun Jun Sun Kang Sun Meng-xiang Sun Qiming Sun Yi Sun Zhongjie Sun Karen K.S. Sunahara Eva Sundberg Katalin Susztak Peter Sutovsky Hidekazu Suzuki Gary Sweeney J. David Symons Stephen Cho Wing Sze Nathaniel J. Szewczyk Anna Tabęcka-Łonczynska Claudio Tabolacci Frank Tacke Heinrich Taegtmeyer Marco Tafani Mitsuo Tagaya Haoran Tai Stephen W. G. Tait Yoshinori Takahashi Szabolcs Takats Priti Talwar Chit Tam Shing Yau Tam Davide Tampellini Atsushi Tamura Chong Teik Tan Eng-King Tan Ya-Qin Tan Masaki Tanaka Motomasa Tanaka Daolin Tang Jingfeng Tang Tie-Shan Tang Isei Tanida Zhipeng Tao Mohammed Taouis Lars Tatenhorst Nektarios Tavernarakis Allen Taylor Gregory A. Taylor Joan M. Taylor Elena Tchetina Andrew R. Tee Irmgard Tegeder David Teis Natercia Teixeira Fatima Teixeira-Clerc Kumsal A. Tekirdag Tewin Tencomnao Sandra Tenreiro Alexei V. Tepikin Pilar S. Testillano Gianluca Tettamanti Pierre-Louis Tharaux Kathrin Thedieck Arvind A. Thekkinghat Stefano Thellung Josephine W. Thinwa V.P. Thirumalaikumar Sufi Mary Thomas Paul G. Thomes Andrew Thorburn Lipi Thukral Thomas Thum Michael Thumm Ling Tian Ales Tichy Andreas Till Vincent Timmerman Vladimir I. Titorenko Sokol V. Todi Krassimira Todorova Janne M. Toivonen Luana Tomaipitinca Dhanendra Tomar Cristina Tomas-Zapico Sergej Tomić Benjamin Chun-Kit Tong Chao Tong Xin Tong Sharon A. Tooze Maria L. Torgersen Satoru Torii Liliana Torres-López Alicia Torriglia Christina G. Towers Roberto Towns Shinya Toyokuni Vladimir Trajkovic Donatella Tramontano Quynh-Giao Tran Leonardo H. Travassos Charles B. Trelford Shirley Tremel Ioannis P. Trougakos Betty P. Tsao Mario P. Tschan Hung-Fat Tse Tak Fu Tse Hitoshi Tsugawa Andrey S. Tsvetkov David A. Tumbarello Yasin Tumtas María J. Tuñón Sandra Turcotte Boris Turk Vito Turk Bradley J. Turner Richard I. Tuxworth Jessica K. Tyler Elena V. Tyutereva Yasuo Uchiyama Aslihan Ugun-Klusek Holm H. Uhlig Marzena Ułamek-Kozioł Ilya V. Ulasov Midori Umekawa Christian Ungermann Rei Unno Sylvie Urbe Elisabet Uribe-Carretero Suayib Üstün Vladimir N Uversky Thomas Vaccari Maria I. Vaccaro Björn F. Vahsen Helin Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg Rut Valdor Maria J. Valente Ayelén Valko Richard B. Vallee Angela M. Valverde Greet Van den Berghe Stijn van der Veen Luc Van Kaer Jorg van Loosdregt Sjoerd J.L. van Wijk Wim Vandenberghe Ilse Vanhorebeek Marcos A. Vannier-Santos Nicola Vannini M. Cristina Vanrell Chiara Vantaggiato Gabriele Varano Isabel Varela-Nieto Máté Varga M. Helena Vasconcelos Somya Vats Demetrios G. Vavvas Ignacio Vega-Naredo Silvia Vega-Rubin-de-Celis Guillermo Velasco Ariadna P. Velázquez Tibor Vellai Edo Vellenga Francesca Velotti Mireille Verdier Panayotis Verginis Isabelle Vergne Paul Verkade Manish Verma Patrik Verstreken Tim Vervliet Jörg Vervoorts Alexandre T. Vessoni Victor M. Victor Michel Vidal Chiara Vidoni Otilia V. Vieira Richard D. Vierstra Sonia Viganó Helena Vihinen Vinoy Vijayan Miquel Vila Marçal Vilar José M. Villalba Antonio Villalobo Beatriz Villarejo-Zori Francesc Villarroya Joan Villarroya Olivier Vincent Cecile Vindis Christophe Viret Maria Teresa Viscomi Dora Visnjic Ilio Vitale David J. Vocadlo Olga V. Voitsekhovskaja Cinzia Volonté Mattia Volta Marta Vomero Clarissa Von Haefen Marc A. Vooijs Wolfgang Voos Ljubica Vucicevic Richard Wade-Martins Satoshi Waguri Kenrick A. Waite Shuji Wakatsuki David W. Walker Mark J. Walker Simon A. Walker Jochen Walter Francisco G. Wandosell Bo Wang Chao-Yung Wang Chen Wang Chenran Wang Chenwei Wang Cun-Yu Wang Dong Wang Fangyang Wang Feng Wang Fengming Wang Guansong Wang Han Wang Hao Wang Hexiang Wang Hong-Gang Wang Jianrong Wang Jigang Wang Jiou Wang Jundong Wang Kui Wang Lianrong Wang Liming Wang Maggie Haitian Wang Meiqing Wang Nanbu Wang Pengwei Wang Peipei Wang Ping Wang Ping Wang Qing Jun Wang Qing Wang Qing Kenneth Wang Qiong A. Wang Wen-Tao Wang Wuyang Wang Xinnan Wang Xuejun Wang Yan Wang Yanchang Wang Yanzhuang Wang Yen-Yun Wang Yihua Wang Yipeng Wang Yu Wang Yuqi Wang Zhe Wang Zhenyu Wang Zhouguang Wang Gary Warnes Verena Warnsmann Hirotaka Watada Eizo Watanabe Maxinne Watchon Anna Wawrzyńska Timothy E. Weaver Grzegorz Wegrzyn Ann M. Wehman Huafeng Wei Lei Wei Taotao Wei Yongjie Wei Oliver H. Weiergräber Conrad C. Weihl Günther Weindl Ralf Weiskirchen Alan Wells Runxia H. Wen Xin Wen Antonia Werner Beatrice Weykopf Sally P. Wheatley J. Lindsay Whitton Alexander J. Whitworth Katarzyna Wiktorska Manon E. Wildenberg Tom Wileman Simon Wilkinson Dieter Willbold Brett Williams Robin S.B. Williams Roger L. Williams Peter R. Williamson Richard A. Wilson Beate Winner Nathaniel J. Winsor Steven S. Witkin Harald Wodrich Ute Woehlbier Thomas Wollert Esther Wong Jack Ho Wong Richard W. Wong Vincent Kam Wai Wong W. Wei-Lynn Wong An-Guo Wu Chengbiao Wu Jian Wu Junfang Wu Kenneth K. Wu Min Wu Shan-Ying Wu Shengzhou Wu Shu-Yan Wu Shufang Wu William K.K. Wu Xiaohong Wu Xiaoqing Wu Yao-Wen Wu Yihua Wu Ramnik J. Xavier Hongguang Xia Lixin Xia Zhengyuan Xia Ge Xiang Jin Xiang Mingliang Xiang Wei Xiang Bin Xiao Guozhi Xiao Hengyi Xiao Hong-tao Xiao Jian Xiao Lan Xiao Shi Xiao Yin Xiao Baoming Xie Chuan-Ming Xie Min Xie Yuxiang Xie Zhiping Xie Zhonglin Xie Maria Xilouri Congfeng Xu En Xu Haoxing Xu Jing Xu JinRong Xu Liang Xu Wen Wen Xu Xiulong Xu Yu Xue Sokhna M.S. Yakhine-Diop Masamitsu Yamaguchi Osamu Yamaguchi Ai Yamamoto Shunhei Yamashina Shengmin Yan Shian-Jang Yan Zhen Yan Yasuo Yanagi Chuanbin Yang Dun-Sheng Yang Huan Yang Huang-Tian Yang Hui Yang Jin-Ming Yang Jing Yang Jingyu Yang Ling Yang Liu Yang Ming Yang Pei-Ming Yang Qian Yang Seungwon Yang Shu Yang Shun-Fa Yang Wannian Yang Wei Yuan Yang Xiaoyong Yang Xuesong Yang Yi Yang Ying Yang Honghong Yao Shenggen Yao Xiaoqiang Yao Yong-Gang Yao Yong-Ming Yao Takahiro Yasui Meysam Yazdankhah Paul M. Yen Cong Yi Xiao-Ming Yin Yanhai Yin Zhangyuan Yin Ziyi Yin Meidan Ying Zheng Ying Calvin K. Yip Stephanie Pei Tung Yiu Young H. Yoo Kiyotsugu Yoshida Saori R. Yoshii Tamotsu Yoshimori Bahman Yousefi Boxuan Yu Haiyang Yu Jun Yu Jun Yu Li Yu Ming-Lung Yu Seong-Woon Yu Victor C. Yu W. Haung Yu Zhengping Yu Zhou Yu Junying Yuan Ling-Qing Yuan Shilin Yuan Shyng-Shiou F. Yuan Yanggang Yuan Zengqiang Yuan Jianbo Yue Zhenyu Yue Jeanho Yun Raymond L. Yung David N. Zacks Gabriele Zaffagnini Vanessa O. Zambelli Isabella Zanella Qun S. Zang Sara Zanivan Silvia Zappavigna Pilar Zaragoza Konstantinos S. Zarbalis Amir Zarebkohan Amira Zarrouk Scott O. Zeitlin Jialiu Zeng Ju-deng Zeng Eva Žerovnik Lixuan Zhan Bin Zhang Donna D. Zhang Hanlin Zhang Hong Zhang Hong Zhang Honghe Zhang Huafeng Zhang Huaye Zhang Hui Zhang Hui-Ling Zhang Jianbin Zhang Jianhua Zhang Jing-Pu Zhang Kalin Y.B. Zhang Leshuai W. Zhang Lin Zhang Lisheng Zhang Lu Zhang Luoying Zhang Menghuan Zhang Peng Zhang Sheng Zhang Wei Zhang Xiangnan Zhang Xiao-Wei Zhang Xiaolei Zhang Xiaoyan Zhang Xin Zhang Xinxin Zhang Xu Dong Zhang Yang Zhang Yanjin Zhang Yi Zhang Ying-Dong Zhang Yingmei Zhang Yuan-Yuan Zhang Yuchen Zhang Zhe Zhang Zhengguang Zhang Zhibing Zhang Zhihai Zhang Zhiyong Zhang Zili Zhang Haobin Zhao Lei Zhao Shuang Zhao Tongbiao Zhao Xiao-Fan Zhao Ying Zhao Yongchao Zhao Yongliang Zhao Yuting Zhao Guoping Zheng Kai Zheng Ling Zheng Shizhong Zheng Xi-Long Zheng Yi Zheng Zu-Guo Zheng Boris Zhivotovsky Qing Zhong Ao Zhou Ben Zhou Cefan Zhou Gang Zhou Hao Zhou Hong Zhou Hongbo Zhou Jie Zhou Jing Zhou Jing Zhou Jiyong Zhou Kailiang Zhou Rongjia Zhou Xu-Jie Zhou Yanshuang Zhou Yinghong Zhou Yubin Zhou Zheng-Yu Zhou Zhou Zhou Binglin Zhu Changlian Zhu Guo-Qing Zhu Haining Zhu Hongxin Zhu Hua Zhu Wei-Guo Zhu Yanping Zhu Yushan Zhu Haixia Zhuang Xiaohong Zhuang Katarzyna Zientara-Rytter Christine M. Zimmermann Elena Ziviani Teresa Zoladek Wei-Xing Zong Dmitry B. Zorov Antonio Zorzano Weiping Zou Zhen Zou Zhengzhi Zou Steven Zuryn Werner Zwerschke Beate Brand-Saberi X. Charlie Dong Chandra Shekar Kenchappa Zuguo Li Yong Lin Shigeru Oshima Yueguang Rong Judith C. Sluimer Christina L. Stallings Chun-Kit Tong Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition) Informa UK Limited Autophagy 1554-8635 17 1 1 382 20210102 10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280 hota-koba/published_papers/6545785 Hotaka Kobayashi Yukihide Tomari Identification of an AGO (Argonaute) protein as a prey of TER94/VCP. VCP (valosin containing protein) recognizes a wide variety of substrates and mediates their degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system and macroautophagy/autophagy. The substrate repertoire of VCP, however, is not fully understood. In our recent study, we found that Drosophila TER94/VCP mediates autophagic degradation of an Argonaute subfamily protein (AGO1), which binds microRNAs (miRNAs) and silences the expression of thousands of target genes. In the absence of TER94/VCP, miRNA-mediated gene silencing is globally impaired. Our findings reveal an unexpected connection between VCP and AGO, which may dramatically expand the biological significance of VCP. Autophagy 16 1 190 192 20200100 10.1080/15548627.2019.1691351 31718417 hota-koba/published_papers/22293589 Hotaka Kobayashi Keisuke Shoji Kaori Kiyokawa Lumi Negishi Yukihide Tomari VCP Machinery Mediates Autophagic Degradation of Empty Argonaute. The Argonaute subfamily of proteins (AGO) loads microRNAs (miRNAs) to form the effector complex that mediates target gene silencing. Empty AGO, but not miRNA-loaded AGO, is selectively degraded across species. We have reported that the degradation of empty AGO is part of a quality control pathway that eliminates dysfunctional AGO. However, how empty AGO is degraded remains unclear. Here we show that the empty state of Drosophila Ago1 is degraded by autophagy. Comprehensive LC-MS/MS analyses, together with manipulation of the Ago1 ubiquitination level, revealed that VCP, which mediates selective autophagy, recognizes empty Ago1 via the Ufd1-Npl4 heterodimer. Depletion of VCP-Ufd1-Npl4 machinery impairs degradation of empty Ago1 and miRNA-mediated target gene silencing. Our findings reveal a direct link between empty AGO degradation and selective autophagy that ensures efficient miRNA function. Cell Reports 28 5 1144 1153 20190730 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.003 31365860 hota-koba/published_papers/9792887 Hotaka Kobayashi Keisuke Shoji Kaori Kiyokawa Lumi Negishi Yukihide Tomari Iruka Eliminates Dysfunctional Argonaute by Selective Ubiquitination of Its Empty State. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are loaded into the Argonaute subfamily of proteins (AGO) to form an effector complex that silences target genes. Empty but not miRNA-loaded AGO is selectively degraded across species. However, the mechanism and biological significance of selective AGO degradation remain unclear. We discovered a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase we named Iruka (Iru), which selectively ubiquitinates the empty form of Drosophila Ago1 to trigger its degradation. Iru preferentially binds empty Ago1 and ubiquitinates Lys514 in the L2 linker, which is predicted to be inaccessible in the miRNA-loaded state. Depletion of Iru results in global impairment of miRNA-mediated silencing of target genes and in the accumulation of aberrant Ago1 that is dysfunctional for canonical protein-protein interactions and miRNA loading. Our findings reveal a sophisticated mechanism for the selective degradation of empty AGO that underlies a quality control process to ensure AGO function. Molecular Cell 73 1 119 129 20190103 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.10.033 30503771 hota-koba/published_papers/14741621 Hotaka Kobayashi Yukihide Tomari RISC assembly: Coordination between small RNAs and Argonaute proteins. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 0006-3002 1859 1 71 81 20160100 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.08.007 26303205 hota-koba/published_papers/12276756 Hotaka Kobayashi Kan Etoh Soujiro Marubashi Norihiko Ohbayashi Mitsunori Fukuda Measurement of Rab35 activity with the GTP-Rab35 trapper RBD35. Small GTPase Rab35 functions as a molecular switch for membrane trafficking, specifically for endocytic recycling, by cycling between a GTP-bound active form and a GDP-bound inactive form. Although Rab35 has been shown to regulate various cellular processes, including cytokinesis, cell migration, and neurite outgrowth, its precise roles in these processes are not fully understood. Since a molecular tool that could be used to measure Rab35 activity would be useful for identifying the mechanisms by which Rab35 mediates membrane trafficking, we recently used a RUN domain-containing region of RUSC2 to develop an active Rab35 trapper, and we named it RBD35 (Rab-binding domain specific for Rab35). Because RBD35 specifically interacts with the GTP-bound active form of Rab35 and does not interact with any of the other 59 Rab proteins identified in humans and mice, RBD35 is a useful tool for measuring the level of active Rab35 by pull-down assays and for inhibiting the function of Rab35 by overexpression. In this chapter, we describe the assay procedures for analyzing Rab35 with RBD35. Methods in Molecular Biology 1298 207 16 20150000 10.1007/978-1-4939-2569-8_18 25800845 hota-koba/published_papers/8732862 Hotaka Kobayashi Kan Etoh Norihiko Ohbayashi Mitsunori Fukuda Rab35 promotes the recruitment of Rab8, Rab13 and Rab36 to recycling endosomes through MICAL-L1 during neurite outgrowth. Biology Open 2046-6390 3 9 803 14 20140801 10.1242/bio.20148771 25086062 hota-koba/published_papers/8732861 Hotaka Kobayashi Kan Etoh Mitsunori Fukuda Rab35 is translocated from Arf6-positive perinuclear recycling endosomes to neurite tips during neurite outgrowth. Small GTPase Rab35 is a key regulator of neurite outgrowth, and its activation dramatically enhances nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth. We recently reported finding that Rab35 and its effector molecules recruit EHD1, a facilitator of vesicle formation, to Arf6-positive perinuclear recycling endosomes (hereafter simply referred to as recycling endosomes) in response to NGF stimulation. Although Rab35 is likely to promote the formation of transport vesicles from recycling endosomes that contributes to neurite outgrowth, the destination of the vesicles during neurite outgrowth remains unknown. Here we report finding that Rab35 is translocated from recycling endosomes to neurite tips in a late phase of NGF stimulation. We found that Rab35 immunofluorescence signals accumulated at recycling endosomes during the first 6 h, i.e., the early phase of NGF stimulation and then translocated to neurite tips during the late phase of NGF stimulation (i.e., >6 h to <36 h after NGF stimulation). These findings suggest that Rab35 regulates membrane trafficking from recycling endosomes to neurite tips during neurite outgrowth. Small GTPases 5 e29290 null 20140000 10.4161/sgtp.29290 24852758 hota-koba/published_papers/5461106 Hotaka Kobayashi Mitsunori Fukuda Arf6, Rab11 and transferrin receptor define distinct populations of recycling endosomes. Recycling endosomes are key platforms for endocytic recycling that return internalized molecules back to the plasma membrane. To determine how recycling endosomes perform their functions, searching for proteins and lipids that specifically localized at recycling endosomes has often been performed by colocalization analyses between candidate molecules and conventional recycling endosome markers. However, it remains unclear whether all the conventional markers have identical localizations. Here we report finding that three well-known recycling endosome markers, i.e., Arf6, Rab11 and transferrin receptor (TfR), have different intracellular localizations in PC12 cells. The results of immunofluorescence analyses showed that the signals of endogenous Arf6, Rab11 and TfR in nerve growth factor-stimulated PC12 cells generally differed, although there was some overlapping. Our findings provide new information about recycling endosome markers, and they highlight the heterogeneity of recycling endosomes. Communicative & Integrative Biology 6 5 e25036 null 20130901 10.4161/cib.25036 24255739 hota-koba/published_papers/5149585 Hotaka Kobayashi Mitsunori Fukuda Rab35 establishes the EHD1-association site by coordinating two distinct effectors during neurite outgrowth. Endocytic recycling is a process in which molecules that have been internalized are recycled back to the plasma membrane, and although it is crucial for regulating various cellular events, the molecular nexus underlying this process remains poorly understood. Here we report a molecular link between two gatekeepers for endocytic recycling, the molecular switch Rab35 and the molecular scissors EHD1, that is mediated by two distinct Rab35 effectors during neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Rab35 forms a tripartite complex with MICAL-L1 and centaurin-β2/ACAP2 and recruits them to perinuclear Arf6-positive endosomes in response to nerve growth factor stimulation. MICAL-L1 and centaurin-β2 then cooperatively recruit EHD1 to the same compartment by functioning as a scaffold for EHD1 and as an inactivator of Arf6, respectively. We propose that Rab35 regulates the formation of an EHD1-association site on Arf6-positive endosomes by integrating the functions of two distinct Rab35 effectors for successful neurite outgrowth. COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD Journal of Cell Science 126 Pt 11 2424 35 20130601 10.1242/jcs.117846 23572513 hota-koba/published_papers/3153751 Hotaka Kobayashi Mitsunori Fukuda Rab35 regulates Arf6 activity through centaurin-β2 (ACAP2) during neurite outgrowth. Two small GTPases, Rab and Arf, are well-known molecular switches that function in diverse membrane-trafficking routes in a coordinated manner; however, very little is known about the direct crosstalk between Rab and Arf. Although Rab35 and Arf6 were independently reported to regulate the same cellular events, including endocytic recycling, phagocytosis, cytokinesis and neurite outgrowth, the molecular basis that links them remains largely unknown. Here we show that centaurin-β2 (also known as ACAP2) functions both as a Rab35 effector and as an Arf6-GTPase-activating protein (GAP) during neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. We found that Rab35 accumulates at Arf6-positive endosomes in response to nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulation and that centaurin-β2 is recruited to the same compartment in a Rab35-dependent manner. We further showed by knockdown and rescue experiments that after the Rab35-dependent recruitment of centaurin-β2, the Arf6-GAP activity of centaurin-β2 at the Arf6-positive endosomes was indispensable for NGF-induced neurite outgrowth. These findings suggest a novel mode of crosstalk between Rab and Arf: a Rab effector and Arf-GAP coupling mechanism, in which Arf-GAP is recruited to a specific membrane compartment by its Rab effector function. COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD Journal of Cell Science 0021-9533 125 Pt 9 2235 43 20120501 10.1242/jcs.098657 22344257 hota-koba/published_papers/12276758 Nanako Ishido Hotaka Kobayashi Yasushi Sako Takao Arai Mistunori Fukuda Takeshi Nakamura How to make FRET biosensors for Rab family GTPases. Biosensors 5 81 98 20110600 hota-koba/published_papers/3153752 Mitsunori Fukuda Hotaka Kobayashi Koutaro Ishibashi Norihiko Ohbayashi Genome-wide investigation of the Rab binding activity of RUN domains: development of a novel tool that specifically traps GTP-Rab35. Cell Structure and Function 1347-3700 36 2 155 70 20110000 10.1247/csf.11001 21737958 hota-koba/published_papers/3153753 Eiko Kanno* Koutaro Ishibashi* Hotaka Kobayashi* Takahide Matsui Norihiko Ohbayashi Mitsunori Fukuda (* First authors) Comprehensive screening for novel rab-binding proteins by GST pull-down assay using 60 different mammalian Rabs. The Rab family belongs to the Ras-like small GTPase superfamily and is implicated in membrane trafficking through interaction with specific effector molecules. Because of the large number of Rab isoforms in mammals, however, the effectors of most of the mammalian Rabs are yet to be identified. In this study, we systematically screened five different cell or tissue lysates for novel Rab effectors by a combination of glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay with 60 different mammalian Rabs and mass spectroscopic analysis. Three of the 21 Rab-binding proteins we identified, mKIAA1055/TBC1D2B (Rab22-binding protein), GAPCenA/TBC1D11 (Rab36-binding protein) and centaurin beta2/ACAP2 (Rab35-binding protein), are GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) for Rab or Arf. Although it has recently been proposed that the Rab-GAP (Tre-2 /Bub2/Cdc16) domain physically interacts with its substrate Rab, these three GAPs interacted with specific Rabs via a domain other than a GAP domain, e.g. centaurin beta2 binds GTP-Rab35 via the ankyrin repeat (ANKR) domain. Although centaurin beta2 did not exhibit any Rab35-GAP activity in vitro, the Rab35-binding ANKR domain of centaurin beta2 was found to be required for its plasma membrane localization and regulation of Rab35-dependent neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells through inactivation of Arf6. These findings suggest a novel mode of interaction between Rab and GAP. WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC Traffic 1398-9219 11 4 491 507 20100400 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2010.01038.x 20070612 hota-koba/misc/46176523 H. Kobayashi M. Fukuda Rab cluster as a novel mechanism that concentrates multiple Rab-signalings MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL 1939-4586 24 null null 20130000 hota-koba/presentations/53671940 Hotaka Kobayashi In-cell single-molecule imaging of mRNA translation The UTokyo-NTU International Symposium 2026 "Quantitative Biosciences and Advanced Technologies" 20260413 hota-koba/presentations/52285718 Hotaka Kobayashi Seeing mRNA vaccines in action with single-molecule imaging 第3回 AMED SCARDA「ワクチン開発のための世界トップレベル研究開発拠点の形成事業」合同シンポジウム 20260303 hota-koba/presentations/52285659 小林 穂高 mRNAが蛋白質へと翻訳される様子を細胞内1分子イメージングで見る JSTさきがけ・ACT-X 合同シンポジウム「若い知性が開拓する新しい生命科学」 20260214 hota-koba/presentations/51426054 Hotaka Kobayashi Dissecting microRNA-mediated gene silencing by single-molecule imaging 第98回 日本生化学会大会 20251104 hota-koba/presentations/51426028 Hotaka Kobayashi Single-molecule imaging of mRNA vaccine action The Third UTOPIA Symposium 20251022 hota-koba/presentations/51425659 Hotaka Kobayashi mRNA Translation under the Microscope UTokyo IQB Happy Hour 20250926 hota-koba/presentations/51425592 Hotaka Kobayashi Single-molecule imaging of RBP-mediated translational regulation in cells International Symposium on Cellular Structural Biology 20250918 hota-koba/presentations/51425468 小林 穂高 細胞内1分子イメージングを用いてmRNAの翻訳制御を見てみると JST共創の場「国循拠点」第45回 若手人材育成セミナー 20250826 hota-koba/presentations/51425449 Hotaka Kobayashi Single-molecule imaging of microRNA function in cells RNA Tokyo 20250724 hota-koba/presentations/52285859 小林 穂高 mRNAワクチンは細胞内でどう働く?を細胞内1分子イメージングで見る 第22回 UTOPIA Monthly Research Seminar 20250526 hota-koba/presentations/50548175 Hotaka Kobayashi Single-molecule imaging of translational control in cells RIKEN Early-Career Researchers' Workshop for the Pioneering Project Single Molecule Science 理化学研究所 新領域開拓課題「一分子の科学」若手研究会 20250514 hota-koba/presentations/50548228 小林 穂高 翻訳を見る -細胞内1分子イメージングで捉える，翻訳の時空間情報- 東京大学 大学院新領域創成科学研究科 メディカル情報⽣命専攻セミナー 20250502 hota-koba/presentations/50283457 Hotaka Kobayashi Imaging expression dynamics of mRNA vaccines 第2回 AMED SCARDA「ワクチン開発のための世界トップレベル研究開発拠点の形成事業」合同シンポジウム 20250317 hota-koba/presentations/48680606 Hotaka Kobayashi Imaging translational regulation at single-cell and single-mRNA resolution Karolinska Institutet Guest Seminar (Invited Talk) 20241001 hota-koba/presentations/47780351 Hotaka Kobayashi Single-molecule imaging of translational regulation in cells International Symposium on Multifaceted Protein Dynamics (Talk) 20240904 hota-koba/presentations/48680564 小林 穂高 細胞内1分子イメージングを武器にmicroRNAの謎に迫る 2024年度 徳島大学先端酵素学研究所シンポジウム(招待講演) 20240809 hota-koba/presentations/47169770 Hotaka Kobayashi 小林 穂高 When and where do microRNAs work in cells? 細胞内においてmicroRNAはいつ・どこで機能しているのか? 第76回 日本細胞生物学会大会(招待講演) 20240717 hota-koba/presentations/48680938 Hotaka Kobayashi Imaging how mRNA vaccines work in cells The 2nd UTOPIA Symposium (Invited Talk) 20240619 hota-koba/presentations/44078720 小林 穂高 ストレス応答を支えるmicroRNA-その背後にある不思議な現象を複合的なオミクス解析から紐解く- 第17回 日本臨床ストレス応答学会大会(招待講演) 20231117 hota-koba/presentations/44078686 小林 穂高 ncRNA が機能する様子をこの目で見てみたい 第63回 生物物理若手の会 夏の学校(招待講演) 20230906 hota-koba/presentations/42854245 小林 穂高 蛋白質合成の制御過程を細胞内1分子イメージングで見る 第23回 日本蛋白質科学会年会(招待講演) 20230706 hota-koba/presentations/41487202 小林 穂高 mRNA・翻訳・RBPの三者を単分子感度で細胞内イメージングする技術 第2回 バイオ単分子研究会(招待講演) 20230206 hota-koba/presentations/40300770 Hotaka Kobayashi Single-molecule imaging of RNA silencing in cells 2022 East Asian Single-Molecule Biophysics Symposium (Invited talk) 20221018 hota-koba/presentations/40300738 Hotaka Kobayashi 小林 穂高 Translational regulation visualized at single-molecule resolution in cells mRNAの翻訳制御を1分子解像度でin situイメージングする 第60回 日本生物物理学会年会(招待講演) 20220929 hota-koba/presentations/40300727 Hotaka Kobayashi 小林 穂高 In situ single-molecule imaging of microRNA function microRNAの機能発現を1細胞1分子レベルで可視化する新規技術の開発 第60回 日本生物物理学会年会(招待講演) 20220928 hota-koba/presentations/40300664 Hotaka Kobayashi Imaging translational control at single-mRNA resolution in cells 第23回 日本RNA学会年会(口頭) 20220721 hota-koba/presentations/38622674 Hotaka Kobayashi Imaging big roles of microRNAs at single-molecule resolution in cells. Symposium on the Life of an mRNA (Invited Talk) 20220628 hota-koba/presentations/38622549 Hotaka Kobayashi Simultaneous visualization of single mRNAs, translation, and RBPs in cells. JASS Meeting 2022 (Invited Talk) 20220520 hota-koba/presentations/36531215 小林 穂高 翻訳制御の細胞内1分⼦イメージング 第2回 タタバイオ分子クラブ(招待講演) 20220117 hota-koba/presentations/32430529 Hotaka Kobayashi Robert H Singer Single-molecule imaging of microRNA-mediated gene silencing in cells Albert Einstein College of Medicine, ASB WIP Seminar (Talk) 20210430 hota-koba/presentations/32430506 Hotaka Kobayashi Robert H Singer Visualization of microRNA-mediated gene silencing by single mRNA imaging Albert Einstein College of Medicine, ASB WIP Seminar (Talk) 20200214 hota-koba/presentations/12289769 Kobayashi H Shoji K Kiyokawa K Negishi L Tomari Y VCP, which is associated with multiple genetic disorders, mediates quality control of Argonaute, the core of microRNA-mediated gene silencing. JMSA New York Life Science Forum 2019 (Poster) 20190420 hota-koba/presentations/21225846 Kobayashi H Iruka ensures the quality of Argonaute by selective ubiquitination of its empty state. 13th Microsymposium on Small RNA Biology (Invited Talk) 20180620 hota-koba/presentations/21225854 Kobayashi H Shoji K Negishi L Tomari Y Iruka ensures the quality of Argonaute by selective ubiquitination of its empty state. 13th Microsymposium on Small RNA Biology (Poster) 20180618 hota-koba/presentations/21226072 小林 穂高 庄司 佳祐 根岸 瑠美 泊 幸秀 Iruka directs selective ubiquitination of empty Argonaute for successful miRNA-mediated silencing. 第18回 東京大学生命科学シンポジウム(ポスター) 20180609 hota-koba/presentations/21226133 小林 穂高 根岸 瑠美 泊 幸秀 IrukaはmicroRNA非結合型Argonauteを選択的にユビキチン化する 第19回 日本RNA学会年会(口頭) 20170721 hota-koba/presentations/21226182 Kobayashi H Negishi L Tomari Y Takotsubo (Iruka) mediates selective degradation of miRNA-unloaded Argonaute. The 43rd Naito Conference (Poster) 20170628 hota-koba/presentations/10372075 小林 穂高 福田 光則 泊 幸秀 Rabタンパク質を利用したRNAサイレンシングの場の探索 RNAフロンティアミーティング2014(口頭) 20140918 hota-koba/presentations/10372074 小林 穂高 衛藤 貫 大林 典彦 福田 光則 Rab35は神経突起伸長においてRab8, Rab13, Rab36の局在を制御する 第54回 生命科学夏の学校(ポスター) 20140829 hota-koba/presentations/8571607 小林 穂高 福田 光則 Rab cluster regulates neurite outgrowth. 第3回 脳科学若手の会脳科学ウィンタースクール(ポスター) 20140215 hota-koba/presentations/8571603 Kobayashi H Fukuda M Rab cluster as a novel mechanism that concentrates multiple Rab-signalings. The American Society for Cell Biology 2013 Annual Meeting (Poster) 20131215 hota-koba/presentations/7834286 小林 穂高 福田 光則 メンブレントラフィックの制御因子Rabによる神経突起伸長メカニズムの解明 東北大学国際高等研究教育機構ライフ・バイオ・メディカル領域セミナー(口頭・ポスター) 20131004 hota-koba/presentations/6979784 小林 穂高 福田 光則 Rab35 establishes the EHD1-association site through MICAL-L1 during neuritis outgrowth. 第2回 脳科学若手の会脳科学ウィンタースクール(ポスター) 20130223 hota-koba/presentations/6979781 小林 穂高 福田 光則 Rab35はMICAL-L1を介してEHD1の局在を制御することで神経突起伸長を制御する 第85回 日本生化学会大会(口頭・ポスター) 20121216 hota-koba/presentations/6081281 Kobayashi H Fukuda M Rab35 regulates Arf6 activity through centaurin β2/ACAP2 during neurite outgrowth: A novel cross-talk between Rab and Arf. Cold Spring Harbor Asia Conference ``Small GTPase different scales: proteins, membranes, cells'' (Poster) 20120900 hota-koba/presentations/5746119 小林 穂高 福田 光則 分子スイッチRab35による神経突起伸長メカニズムの解明 第3回 新学術領域研究「包括型脳科学研究推進支援ネットワーク」夏のワークショップ(ポスター) 20120700 hota-koba/presentations/5573410 小林 穂高 福田 光則 新規Rab35結合蛋白質MICAL-L1の同定とその機能解析 第4回 新学術領域研究「細胞内ロジスティクス」班会議(ポスター) 20120600 hota-koba/presentations/5573411 小林 穂高 福田 光則 Rab35 regulates Arf6 activity through centaurin β2/ACAP2 during neurite outgrowth. 第1回 脳科学若手の会脳科学ウィンタースクール(ポスター) 20120200 hota-koba/presentations/5573408 小林 穂高 福田 光則 Rab35はcentaurin β2/ACAP2を介してArf6の活性を制御することで神経突起伸長を制御する:RabとArfの新規クロストーク 第3回新学術領域研究「細胞内ロジスティクス」班会議(ポスター) 20110600 hota-koba/presentations/5573409 Kobayashi H Fukuda M Rab35 and its effector centaurin β2 regulate neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells by modulating Arf6 activity on recycling endosomes. The 1st Tohoku International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Neuroscience (Poster) 20110100 hota-koba/presentations/5573404 小林 穂高 福田 光則 Arf6-GAP centaurinβ2はRab35依存的にcentrosome周辺へと局在する 第33回 日本分子生物学会年会・第83回 日本生化学会大会合同大会(口頭・ポスター) 20101200 hota-koba/presentations/5573406 小林 穂高 菅野 栄子 石橋 弘太郎 福田 光則 新規Rab35結合蛋白質centaurinβ2はArf6不活性化を介してRab35依存的なPC12細胞の神経突起伸長を制御する 第32回 日本分子生物学会年会(ポスター) 20091200 hota-koba/presentations/5573407 小林 穂高 菅野 栄子 石橋 弘太郎 福田 光則 新規Rab35結合蛋白質centaurinβ2の同定とその機能解析 第1回 新学術領域研究「細胞内ロジスティクス」班会議(ポスター) 20091100 hota-koba/presentations/5573405 小林 穂高 菅野 栄子 石橋 弘太郎 松井 貴英 大林 典彦 福田 光則 包括的なRabエフェクター探索により見出された新規Rab-GAP間結合様式 第6回 東北大学バイオサイエンスシンポジウム(ポスター) 20090600 hota-koba/books_etc/53671855 伊藤 隼人 小林 穂高 環状RNAに潜む「逆走」の遺伝暗号? 実験医学(羊土社) 20260500 hota-koba/books_etc/49071173 李 沛涵 泊 幸秀 小林 穂高 microRNAによる遺伝子発現抑制と相分離 医学のあゆみ「生物学的相分離と計測技術」(医歯薬出版) 20250100 hota-koba/books_etc/48653928 泊 幸秀 小林 穂高 microRNAの発見とその歩み 化学 2024年12月号(化学同人) 20241100 hota-koba/books_etc/47169705 泊 幸秀 小林 穂高 miRNA経路の全体像 RNAの科学 : 時代を拓く生体分子(朝倉書店) 20240700 hota-koba/books_etc/47169691 Neina Motoki 元起 寧那 Yukihide Tomari 泊 幸秀 Hotaka Kobayashi 小林 穂高 Detecting mRNAs and translated peptides with IF-FISH IF-FISH法を利用したmRNAと翻訳ペプチドの同時可視化 蛋白質科学会アーカイブ(日本蛋白質科学会) 20240400 hota-koba/books_etc/42854143 元起 寧那 泊 幸秀 小林 穂高 microRNAによる遺伝子サイレンシングの1分子解析 生物物理(日本生物物理学会) 20230600 10.2142/biophys.63.160 hota-koba/books_etc/20433152 小林 穂高 松浦 絵里子 泊 幸秀 miRNA ノンコーディングRNA(化学同人) 20160700 hota-koba/books_etc/14529062 小林 穂高 福田 光則 エンドソーム 脳科学辞典(日本神経科学学会) 20130500 10.14931/bsd.1039 hota-koba/books_etc/11715530 小林 穂高 福田 光則 Rabファミリー低分子量Gタンパク質 脳科学辞典(日本神経科学学会) 20120500 10.14931/bsd.2662 Hotaka Kobayashi AMED SCARDA Japan Initiative for World-leading Vaccine Research and Development Centers, Best Oral Presentation Award for Early-Career Researcher 20260300 小林 穂高 日本細胞生物学会 若手最優秀発表賞 20240700 小林 穂高 文部科学大臣表彰 若手科学者賞 20240400 Hotaka Kobayashi 小林 穂高 PSSJ Young Scientist Award for Excellence 日本蛋白質科学会 若手奨励賞優秀賞 20230700 Hotaka Kobayashi 小林 穂高 PSSJ Young Scientist Award 日本蛋白質科学会 若手奨励賞 20230400 Hotaka Kobayashi International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics, IUPAB award 20220900 Hotaka Kobayashi 小林 穂高 Early Career Award in Biophysics 日本生物物理学会 若手奨励賞 20220900 小林 穂高 日本生化学会 早石修記念海外留学助成 20200400 Hotaka Kobayashi Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Washington Director Award 20190400 Hotaka Kobayashi The 43rd Naito Conference, Poster Award 20170600 小林 穂高 井上科学振興財団 井上研究奨励賞 20150200 小林 穂高 Merck Award for Young Biochemistry Researcher 20140800 小林 穂高 東北大学 総長賞 20140300 小林 穂高 東北大学生命科学会 会長賞 20140200 Hotaka Kobayashi The American Society for Cell Biology, Graduate Student Travel Award 20131000 小林 穂高 東北大学 大学院生命科学研究科 生命機能卓越研究奨励賞 20131000 小林 穂高 脳科学若手の会「第2回脳科学ウィンタースクール」優秀ポスター賞 20130200 Hotaka Kobayashi Cold Spring Harbor Asia, Fellowship Award 20120900 小林 穂高 包括型脳科学研究推進支援ネットワーク「第3回夏のワークショップ」 若手優秀発表賞 20120700 小林 穂高 脳科学若手の会「第1回脳科学ウィンタースクール」優秀ポスター賞 20120200 小林 穂高 日本学生支援機構 第一種奨学金全額返還免除 20110400 小林 穂高 東北大学生命科学会 会長賞 20110200 Hotaka Kobayashi Tohoku International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Neuroscience, Poster Presentation Prize 20110100 小林 穂高 東北大学 総長賞 20090300