label: url

en: Presurgical orthodontic treatment with ultraearly application of premaxilla-guiding nasoalveolar molding in feeding neonates. A case series.

en: JADA Foundational Science

ja: JADA Foundational Science

number: C


en: Myeloma cell growth suppression by osteoblast-derived extracellular vesicles: the creation of a non-permissive niche for myeloma cells by bone-forming osteoblasts

en: Haematologica

ja: Haematologica


en: Scissor bite correction with miniscrew-anchored uprighting: A case report

en: AJO-DO Clinical Companion

ja: AJO-DO Clinical Companion


en: Myeloma cell growth suppression by osteoblast-derived extracellular vesicles: the creation of a non-permissive niche for myeloma cells by bone-forming osteoblasts.

en: Not available.

ja: Not available.


en: The Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Febuxostat Suppresses Adipogenesis and Activates Nrf2.

en: Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a rate-limiting enzyme in purine catabolism that acts as a novel regulator of adipogenesis. In pathological states, xanthine oxidoreductase activity increases to produce excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a critical inducer of antioxidants, which is bound and repressed by a kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in the cytoplasm. The Keap1-Nrf2 axis appears to be a major mechanism for robust inducible antioxidant defenses. Here, we demonstrate that febuxostat, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, alleviates the increase in adipose tissue mass in obese mouse models with a high-fat diet or ovariectomy. Febuxostat disrupts in vitro adipocytic differentiation in adipogenic media. Adipocytes appeared at day 7 in absence or presence of febuxostat were 160.8 ± 21.2 vs. 52.5 ± 12.7 (p < 0.01) in 3T3L1 cells, and 126.0 ± 18.7 vs. 55.3 ± 13.4 (p < 0.01) in 10T1/2 cells, respectively. Adipocyte differentiation was further enhanced by the addition of hydrogen peroxide, which was also suppressed by febuxostat. Interestingly, febuxostat, but not allopurinol (another xanthine oxidase inhibitor), rapidly induced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and facilitated the degradation of Keap1, similar to the electrophilic Nrf2 activator omaveloxolone. These results suggest that febuxostat alleviates adipogenesis under oxidative conditions, at least in part by suppressing ROS production and Nrf2 activation. Regulation of adipocytic differentiation by febuxostat is expected to inhibit obesity due to menopause or overeating.

en: Antioxidants

ja: Antioxidants