tks-ysd/published_papers/47216237 Takashi Yoshida Kenichi Ohki Natural images are reliably represented by sparse and variable populations of neurons in visual cortex. Natural scenes sparsely activate neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1). However, how sparsely active neurons reliably represent complex natural images and how the information is optimally decoded from these representations have not been revealed. Using two-photon calcium imaging, we recorded visual responses to natural images from several hundred V1 neurons and reconstructed the images from neural activity in anesthetized and awake mice. A single natural image is linearly decodable from a surprisingly small number of highly responsive neurons, and the remaining neurons even degrade the decoding. Furthermore, these neurons reliably represent the image across trials, regardless of trial-to-trial response variability. Based on our results, diverse, partially overlapping receptive fields ensure sparse and reliable representation. We suggest that information is reliably represented while the corresponding neuronal patterns change across trials and collecting only the activity of highly responsive neurons is an optimal decoding strategy for the downstream neurons. Nature communications 11 1 872 872 20200213 10.1038/s41467-020-14645-x 32054847 tks-ysd/published_papers/47216238 Jumpei Ukita Takashi Yoshida Kenichi Ohki Characterisation of nonlinear receptive fields of visual neurons by convolutional neural network. A comprehensive understanding of the stimulus-response properties of individual neurons is necessary to crack the neural code of sensory cortices. However, a barrier to achieving this goal is the difficulty of analysing the nonlinearity of neuronal responses. Here, by incorporating convolutional neural network (CNN) for encoding models of neurons in the visual cortex, we developed a new method of nonlinear response characterisation, especially nonlinear estimation of receptive fields (RFs), without assumptions regarding the type of nonlinearity. Briefly, after training CNN to predict the visual responses to natural images, we synthesised the RF image such that the image would predictively evoke a maximum response. We first demonstrated the proof-of-principle using a dataset of simulated cells with various types of nonlinearity. We could visualise RFs with various types of nonlinearity, such as shift-invariant RFs or rotation-invariant RFs, suggesting that the method may be applicable to neurons with complex nonlinearities in higher visual areas. Next, we applied the method to a dataset of neurons in mouse V1. We could visualise simple-cell-like or complex-cell-like (shift-invariant) RFs and quantify the degree of shift-invariance. These results suggest that CNN encoding model is useful in nonlinear response analyses of visual neurons and potentially of any sensory neurons. Scientific reports 9 1 3791 3791 20190307 10.1038/s41598-019-40535-4 30846783 tks-ysd/published_papers/47216239 Ayako Hayashi Takashi Yoshida Kenichi Ohki Cell Type Specific Representation of Vibro-tactile Stimuli in the Mouse Primary Somatosensory Cortex. Although the processing of whisker deflections in the barrel area of the rodent primary somatosensory cortex (S1) has been studied extensively, how cutaneous vibro-tactile stimuli are processed in the rodent S1 outside the barrel area has not been fully examined. Particularly, the cell-type specific representation of multiple vibration frequencies in genetically identified inhibitory cells in the S1 has not been examined. Using two-photon calcium imaging, we examined the responses to vibration stimuli of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the S1 hind limb area of male and female mice. The excitatory cells showed relatively sharp selectivity to vibration stimuli, whereas the inhibitory cells exhibited less selectivity. The excitatory and inhibitory cells with different preferred stimuli were intermingled in a "salt and pepper" manner. Furthermore, the noise correlation tended to be especially strong in excitatory-inhibitory and inhibitory-inhibitory cell pairs that have similar stimulus selectivity. These results suggest that excitatory cells tend to represent specific stimulus information and work together with similarly tuned inhibitory cells as a functionally connected network. Frontiers in neural circuits 12 109 109 20180000 10.3389/fncir.2018.00109 30618647 tks-ysd/published_papers/47216240 Shuhei Aihara Takashi Yoshida Takayuki Hashimoto Kenichi Ohki Color Representation Is Retinotopically Biased but Locally Intermingled in Mouse V1. Dichromatic vision is common in many mammals. However, color processing in the primary visual cortex (V1) of dichromatic mammals is relatively unknown compared to the trichromatic primates. In this study, we investigated the functional organization of color processing in mouse V1. The mouse retina has a graded expression pattern of two opsins along its dorsoventral axis. However, it is not clear whether and how this expression pattern is reflected in the cortical representation at local (several hundred microns) and areal (V1) level. Using in vivo two-photon calcium (Ca2+) imaging and wide-field Ca2+ imaging, we revealed that V1 neurons responded to S (UV)- and M (green)-opsin isolating stimuli with slightly biased color preference depending on retinotopic position in V1. This was consistent with the distribution of retinal opsins. At the cellular level, preferences for S- and M-opsin isolating stimuli were intermingled in a local region encompassing several hundred microns. These results suggest that functional organizations of color information are locally intermingled, but slightly biased depending on the retinotopic position in mouse V1. Frontiers in neural circuits 11 22 22 20170000 10.3389/fncir.2017.00022 28405186 tks-ysd/published_papers/47216241 Satoru Kondo Takashi Yoshida Kenichi Ohki Mixed functional microarchitectures for orientation selectivity in the mouse primary visual cortex. A minicolumn is the smallest anatomical module in the cortical architecture, but it is still in debate whether it serves as functional units for cortical processing. In the rodent primary visual cortex (V1), neurons with different preferred orientations are mixed horizontally in a salt and pepper manner, but vertical functional organization was not examined. In this study, we found that neurons with similar orientation preference are weakly but significantly clustered vertically in a short length and horizontally in the scale of a minicolumn. Interestingly, the vertical clustering is found only in a part of minicolumns, and others are composed of neurons with a variety of orientation preferences. Thus, the mouse V1 is a mixture of vertical clusters of neurons with various degrees of orientation similarity, which may be the compromise between the brain size and keeping the vertical clusters of similarly tuned neurons at least in a subset of clusters. Nature communications 7 13210 13210 20161021 10.1038/ncomms13210 27767032 tks-ysd/published_papers/47216247 David Levitan Yaihara Fortis-Santiago Joshua A Figueroa Emily E Reid Takashi Yoshida Nicholas C Barry Abigail Russo Donald B Katz Memory Retrieval Has a Dynamic Influence on the Maintenance Mechanisms That Are Sensitive to ζ-Inhibitory Peptide (ZIP). UNLABELLED: In neuroscientists' attempts to understand the long-term storage of memory, topics of particular importance and interest are the cellular and system mechanisms of maintenance (e.g., those sensitive to ζ-inhibitory peptide, ZIP) and those induced by memory retrieval (i.e., reconsolidation). Much is known about each of these processes in isolation, but less is known concerning how they interact. It is known that ZIP sensitivity and memory retrieval share at least some molecular targets (e.g., recycling α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid, AMPA, receptors to the plasma membrane); conversely, the fact that sensitivity to ZIP emerges only after consolidation ends suggests that consolidation (and by extension reconsolidation) and maintenance might be mutually exclusive processes, the onset of one canceling the other. Here, we use conditioned taste aversion (CTA) in rats, a cortically dependent learning paradigm, to test this hypothesis. First, we demonstrate that ZIP infusions into gustatory cortex begin interfering with CTA memory 43-45 h after memory acquisition-after consolidation ends. Next, we show that a retrieval trial administered after this time point interrupts the ability of ZIP to induce amnesia and that ZIP's ability to induce amnesia is reengaged only 45 h after retrieval. This pattern of results suggests that memory retrieval and ZIP-sensitive maintenance mechanisms are mutually exclusive and that the progression from one to the other are similar after acquisition and retrieval. They also reveal concrete differences between ZIP-sensitive mechanisms induced by acquisition and retrieval: the latency with which ZIP-sensitive mechanisms are expressed differ for the two processes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Memory retrieval and the molecular mechanisms that are sensitive to ζ-inhibitory peptide (ZIP) are the few manipulations that have been shown to effect memory maintenance. Although much is known about their effect on maintenance separately, it is unknown how they interact. Here, we describe a model for the interaction between memory retrieval and ZIP-sensitive mechanisms, showing that retrieval trials briefly (i.e., for 45 h) interrupt these mechanisms. ZIP sensitivity emerges across a similar time window after memory acquisition and retrieval; the maintenance mechanisms that follow acquisition and retrieval differ, however, in the latency with which the impact of ZIP is expressed. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1529-2401 36 41 10654 10662 20161012 27733615 tks-ysd/published_papers/47216242 Kenta M Hagihara Tomonari Murakami Takashi Yoshida Yoshiaki Tagawa Kenichi Ohki Neuronal activity is not required for the initial formation and maturation of visual selectivity. Neuronal activity is important for the functional refinement of neuronal circuits in the early visual system. At the level of the cerebral cortex, however, it is still unknown whether the formation of fundamental functions such as orientation selectivity depends on neuronal activity, as it has been difficult to suppress activity throughout development. Using genetic silencing of cortical activity starting before the formation of orientation selectivity, we found that the orientation selectivity of neurons in the mouse visual cortex formed and matured normally despite a strong suppression of both spontaneous and visually evoked activity throughout development. After the orientation selectivity formed, the distribution of the preferred orientations of neurons was reorganized. We found that this process required spontaneous activity, but not visually evoked activity. Thus, the initial formation and maturation of orientation selectivity is largely independent of neuronal activity, and the initial selectivity is subsequently modified depending on neuronal activity. Nature neuroscience 18 12 1780 8 20151200 10.1038/nn.4155 26523644 tks-ysd/published_papers/47216243 Tomonari Murakami Takashi Yoshida Teppei Matsui Kenichi Ohki Wide-field Ca(2+) imaging reveals visually evoked activity in the retrosplenial area. Due to recent advances of genetic manipulation, mouse brain has become a useful model for studying brain function, which demands whole brain functional mapping techniques in the mouse brain. In the present study, to finely map visual responsive areas in the mouse brain, we combined high-resolution wide-field optical imaging with transgenic mice containing the genetically encoded Ca(2+) indicator, GCaMP3. With the high signal amplitude of GCaMP3 expressing in excitatory neurons, this system allowed neural activity to be observed with relatively fine spatial resolution and cell-type specificity. To evaluate this system, we examined whether non-visual areas exhibited a visual response over the entire surface of the mouse hemisphere. We found that two association areas, the retrosplenial area (RS) and secondary motor/anterior cingulate area (M2/AC), were significantly responsive to drifting gratings. Examination using gratings with distinct spatiotemporal frequency parameters revealed that the RS strongly responded to high-spatial and low-temporal frequency gratings. The M2/AC exhibited a response property similar to that of the RS, though it was not statistically significant. Finally, we performed cellular imaging using two-photon microscopy to examine orientation and direction selectivity of individual neurons, and found that a minority of neurons in the RS clearly showed visual responses sharply selective for orientation and direction. These results suggest that neurons in RS encode visual information of fine spatial details in images. Thus, the present study shows the usefulness of the functional mapping method using a combination of wide-field and two-photon Ca(2+) imaging, which allows for whole brain mapping with high spatiotemporal resolution and cell-type specificity. Frontiers in molecular neuroscience 8 20 20 20150000 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00020 26106292 tks-ysd/published_papers/47216248 Jennifer X Li Takashi Yoshida Kevin J Monk Donald B Katz Lateral hypothalamus contains two types of palatability-related taste responses with distinct dynamics. The taste of foods, in particular the palatability of these tastes, exerts a powerful influence on our feeding choices. Although the lateral hypothalamus (LH) has long been known to regulate feeding behavior, taste processing in LH remains relatively understudied. Here, we examined single-unit LH responses in rats subjected to a battery of taste stimuli that differed in both chemical composition and palatability. Like neurons in cortex and amygdala, LH neurons produced a brief epoch of nonspecific responses followed by a protracted period of taste-specific firing. Unlike in cortex, however, where palatability-related information only appears 500 ms after the onset of taste-specific firing, taste specificity in LH was dominated by palatability-related firing, consistent with LH's role as a feeding center. Upon closer inspection, taste-specific LH neurons fell reliably into one of two subtypes: the first type showed a reliable affinity for palatable tastes, low spontaneous firing rates, phasic responses, and relatively narrow tuning; the second type showed strongest modulation to aversive tastes, high spontaneous firing rates, protracted responses, and broader tuning. Although neurons producing both types of responses were found within the same regions of LH, cross-correlation analyses suggest that they may participate in distinct functional networks. Our data shed light on the implementation of palatability processing both within LH and throughout the taste circuit, and may ultimately have implications for LH's role in the formation and maintenance of taste preferences and aversions. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 33 22 9462 73 20130529 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3935-12.2013 23719813 tks-ysd/published_papers/47216244 Gen Ohtsuki Megumi Nishiyama Takashi Yoshida Tomonari Murakami Mark Histed Carlos Lois Kenichi Ohki Similarity of visual selectivity among clonally related neurons in visual cortex. Neurons in rodent visual cortex are organized in a salt-and-pepper fashion for orientation selectivity, but it is still unknown how this functional architecture develops. A recent study reported that the progeny of single cortical progenitor cells are preferentially connected in the postnatal cortex. If these neurons acquire similar selectivity through their connections, a salt-and-pepper organization may be generated, because neurons derived from different progenitors are intermingled in rodents. Here we investigated whether clonally related cells have similar preferred orientation by using a transgenic mouse, which labels all the progeny of single cortical progenitor cells. We found that preferred orientations of clonally related cells are similar to each other, suggesting that cell lineage is involved in the development of response selectivity of neurons in the cortex. However, not all clonally related cells share response selectivity, suggesting that cell lineage is not the only determinant of response selectivity. Neuron 75 1 65 72 20120712 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.05.023 22794261 tks-ysd/published_papers/47216249 Yuchun Zhang Takashi Yoshida Donald B Katz John E Lisman NMDAR antagonist action in thalamus imposes δ oscillations on the hippocampus. Work on schizophrenia demonstrates the involvement of the hippocampus in the disease and points specifically to hyperactivity of CA1. Many symptoms of schizophrenia can be mimicked by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist; notably, delta frequency oscillations in the awake state are enhanced in schizophrenia, an abnormality that can be mimicked by NMDAR antagonist action in the thalamus. Given that CA1 receives input from the nucleus reuniens of the thalamus, we sought to determine whether an NMDAR antagonist in the thalamus can affect hippocampal processes. We found that a systemic NMDAR antagonist (ketamine; 50 mg/kg) increased the firing rate of cells in the reuniens and CA1 in awake rats. Furthermore, ketamine increased the power of delta oscillations in both structures. The thalamic origin of the change in hippocampal properties was demonstrated in three ways: 1) oscillations in the two structures were coherent; 2) the hippocampal changes induced by systematic ketamine were reduced by thalamic injection of muscimol; and 3) the hippocampal changes could be induced by local injection of ketamine into the thalamus. Lower doses of ketamine (20 mg/kg) did not evoke delta oscillations but did increase hippocampal gamma power, an effect not dependent on the thalamus. There are thus at least two mechanisms for ketamine action on the hippocampus: a low-dose mechanism that affects gamma through a nonthalamic mechanism and a high-dose mechanism that increases CA1 activity and delta oscillations as a result of input from the thalamus. Both mechanisms may be important in producing symptoms of schizophrenia. Journal of neurophysiology 107 11 3181 9 20120600 10.1152/jn.00072.2012 22423006 tks-ysd/published_papers/47216250 Takashi Yoshida Donald B Katz Control of prestimulus activity related to improved sensory coding within a discrimination task. Network state influences the processing of incoming stimuli. It is reasonable to expect, therefore, that animals might adjust cortical activity to improve sensory coding of behaviorally relevant stimuli. We tested this hypothesis, recording single-neuron activity from gustatory cortex (GC) in rats engaged in a two-alternative forced-choice taste discrimination task, and assaying the responses of these same neurons when the rats received the stimuli passively. We found that the task context affected the GC network state (reducing beta- and gamma-band field potential activity) and changed prestimulus and taste-induced single-neuron activity: before the stimulus, the activity of already low-firing neurons was further reduced, a change that was followed by comparable reductions of taste responses themselves. These changes served to sharpen taste selectivity, mainly by reducing responses to suboptimal stimuli. This sharpening of taste selectivity was specifically attributable to neurons with decreased prestimulus activities. Our results suggest the importance of prestimulus activity control for improving sensory coding within the task context. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 31 11 4101 12 20110316 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4380-10.2011 21411651 tks-ysd/published_papers/47216263 Tomonori Takeuchi Gen Ohtsuki Takashi Yoshida Masahiro Fukaya Tasuku Wainai Manami Yamashita Yoshito Yamazaki Hisashi Mori Kenji Sakimura Susumu Kawamoto Masahiko Watanabe Tomoo Hirano Masayoshi Mishina Enhancement of both long-term depression induction and optokinetic response adaptation in mice lacking delphilin. In the cerebellum, Delphilin is expressed selectively in Purkinje cells (PCs) and is localized exclusively at parallel fiber (PF) synapses, where it interacts with glutamate receptor (GluR) delta2 that is essential for long-term depression (LTD), motor learning and cerebellar wiring. Delphilin ablation exerted little effect on the synaptic localization of GluRdelta2. There were no detectable abnormalities in cerebellar histology, PC cytology and PC synapse formation in contrast to GluRdelta2 mutant mice. However, LTD induction was facilitated at PF-PC synapses in Delphilin mutant mice. Intracellular Ca(2+) required for the induction of LTD appeared to be reduced in the mutant mice, while Ca(2+) influx through voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels and metabotropic GluR1-mediated slow synaptic response were similar between wild-type and mutant mice. We further showed that the gain-increase adaptation of the optokinetic response (OKR) was enhanced in the mutant mice. These findings are compatible with the idea that LTD induction at PF-PC synapses is a crucial rate-limiting step in OKR gain-increase adaptation, a simple form of motor learning. As exemplified in this study, enhancing synaptic plasticity at a specific synaptic site of a neural network is a useful approach to understanding the roles of multiple plasticity mechanisms at various cerebellar synapses in motor control and learning. PloS one 3 5 e2297 null 20080528 10.1371/journal.pone.0002297 18509461 tks-ysd/published_papers/47216264 Takashi Yoshida Kazuo Funabiki Tomoo Hirano Increased occurrence of climbing fiber inputs to the cerebellar flocculus in a mutant mouse is correlated with the timing delay of optokinetic response. The cerebellum plays an essential role in motor control, and its dysfunction may delay the onset of action and disrupt smooth and efficient movement. A Purkinje neuron (PN), the sole output cell type in the cerebellar cortex, receives two distinct types of excitatory synaptic inputs, numerous weak inputs from granule neurons (GNs) and occasional strong inputs from a climbing fiber (CF). The role of each input and the significance of low firing rate of CF have been studied. Here we show that the increased occurrence of CF inputs altered the firing pattern of a PN, which was correlated with timing of a reflex. We used the mutant mice deficient in the glutamate receptor delta2 subunit, a molecule related to ionotropic glutamate receptor specifically expressed at GN-PN synapses. The mutant mouse shows more frequent CF inputs and longer timing delay in optokinetic response (OKR), reflex eye movement that follows slow motion of a large visual field. A PN shows two types of action potentials: complex spikes (CS) induced by CF inputs; and simple spikes. They changed respective firing rates during sinusoidal optokinetic stimulation, and the timing of each firing rate modulation was similar in wild-type and mutant mice. However, increased occurrence of CS in the mutant altered the total firing pattern of a PN in the flocculus, which was correlated with the timing delay of OKR. These results support the functional merit of low firing rate of CF in motor control. The European journal of neuroscience 0953-816X 25 5 1467 74 20070300 17425572 tks-ysd/published_papers/47216265 Akira Katoh Takashi Yoshida Yufuko Himeshima Masayoshi Mishina Tomoo Hirano Defective control and adaptation of reflex eye movements in mutant mice deficient in either the glutamate receptor delta2 subunit or Purkinje cells. The ionotropic glutamate receptor delta2 subunit (GluRdelta2) is selectively expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells and is implicated in long-term depression, synaptic formation and elimination. To study the effect of GluRdelta2 deficiency on motor control, we measured the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and optokinetic response (OKR) induced by sinusoidal rotation of the animal and/or the surrounding screen in two GluRdelta2 mutant mice: a GluRdelta2 knockout mouse (delta2-/-) and a lurcher mouse with a point mutation in the GluRdelta2 gene resulting in loss of all Purkinje cells. delta2-/- showed significantly higher VOR gain in the dark (VORD) than in the wild-type. In delta2-/-, the VOR gain in light was lower than that in the dark. The phase of OKR lagged more in delta2-/- than in lurcher and wild-type mice. Both mutant mice failed to change the VORD or OKR gain adaptively in response to sustained vestibular and/or visual stimulation. Basal properties of VOR and OKR changed little by lesion of the flocculus, but they changed substantially by lesion of the inferior olivary nuclei (IO). The abnormal VOR gain and OKR phase delay were clearly reduced in delta2-/- by the latter lesion. Our results indicate that failures in the GluRdelta2-dependent synaptic regulation affect motor performance more severely than loss of cerebellar cortical outputs. This study suggests that the anomalies in delta2-/- are dependent on inputs from IO and that GluRdelta2 deficiency changed properties of not only the cerebellar cortex but also the brainstem neuronal pathways controlling reflex eye movements during development. The European journal of neuroscience 0953-816X 21 5 1315 26 20050300 15813941 tks-ysd/published_papers/47216266 Takashi Yoshida Akira Katoh Gen Ohtsuki Masayoshi Mishina Tomoo Hirano Oscillating Purkinje neuron activity causing involuntary eye movement in a mutant mouse deficient in the glutamate receptor delta2 subunit. How failures in regulation of synaptic transmission in the mammalian CNS affect neuronal activity and disturb motor coordination is addressed. The mutant mouse deficient in the glutamate receptor delta2 subunit, specifically expressed in cerebellar Purkinje neurons, has defects in synaptic regulations such as synaptic plasticity, stabilization, and elimination of synaptic connections and shows failures in motor coordination and learning. In this study, the cause of motor discoordination of the delta2 mutant mouse was analyzed by comparing its motor control ability with those of the wild-type mouse and the lurcher mutant mouse, which loses all Purkinje neurons, the sole output neurons in the cerebellar cortex. Unexpectedly, the delta2 mutant mouse showed severer motor discoordination than the lurcher mouse without any cerebellar cortical outputs. The delta2 mutant mouse showed involuntary spontaneous eye movement with characteristic 10 Hz oscillation, which disappeared by ablation of the cerebellar flocculus, suggesting that the delta2 mutant cerebellar cortex outputs an abnormal signal. In vivo extracellular recordings of neuronal activity revealed that Purkinje neurons tended to fire clustered action potentials and complex spikes at approximately 10 Hz in the delta2 mutant mouse. A whole-cell patch-clamp recording from Purkinje neurons in cerebellar slices indicated that the clustered action potentials could be induced by climbing fiber activation. Taken together, our results suggest that the delta2 subunit deficiency produces the oscillating activity in Purkinje neurons by enhancing climbing fiber inputs, causing surplus movement and affecting motor control worse than no signal at all. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1529-2401 24 10 2440 8 20040310 15014119 tks-ysd/misc/47216355 岸野文昭 岸野文昭 岸野文昭 吉田盛史 吉田盛史 吉田盛史 上村允人 大木研一 大木研一 大木研一 マウス一次視覚野における開眼後の情報表現変化 日本神経化学会大会抄録集(Web) 65th null null 20220000 tks-ysd/misc/47216356 吉田盛史 浮田純平 大木研一 大木研一 AI時代の数理 大脳皮質と人工知能 数理科学 0386-2240 58 7 null null 20200000 tks-ysd/misc/47216357 林亜矢子 吉田盛史 大木研一 マウス一次体性感覚野のin vivo calcium imaging 日本皮膚科学会雑誌 0021-499X 126 6 null null 20160000 tks-ysd/misc/47216360 吉田盛史 吉田盛史 船曳和雄 船曳和雄 平野丈夫 平野丈夫 グルタミン酸受容体δ2サブユニット欠損マウスにおける視運動性眼球運動異常の解析 Equilibrium Research 0385-5716 64 5 null null 20050000 tks-ysd/misc/47216375 デルタ2受容体の10年 最近の展開 グルタミン酸受容体デルタ2サブユニット欠損マウスにおける運動制御異常(10th anniversary of Delta2-Casting new light on its function: Discoordination of motor control in a GluRδ2 knockout mouse) (一社)日本神経化学会 神経化学 0037-3796 43 2-3 352 352 20040800 tks-ysd/misc/47216374 GluR δ2欠損マウスにおける下オリーブ核破壊の反射性眼球運動への効果(Lesion of inferior olivary nuclei reduces abnormal dynamics of reflexive eye movements in a GluRδ2 knockout mouse) (一社)日本神経化学会 神経化学 0037-3796 43 2-3 439 439 20040800 tks-ysd/misc/47216358 加藤明 吉田盛史 平野丈夫 分子小脳学-小脳の形成と機能の分子機構 小脳による運動制御・運動学習機構解明へ向けての分子遺伝学的アプローチ 脳の科学 1343-4144 25 6 null null 20030000 tks-ysd/misc/47216361 加藤明 吉田盛史 平野丈夫 グルタミン酸受容体δ2サブユニット欠損による運動障害とその原因 日本神経科学大会プログラム・抄録集 1347-8583 25th null null 20020000 tks-ysd/misc/47216362 加藤明 吉田盛史 平野丈夫 GluRδ2欠損マウス及びlurcherマウスにおける反射性眼球運動の異常 日本神経科学大会プログラム・抄録集 1347-8583 24th null null 20010000 tks-ysd/misc/47216359 加藤明 吉田盛史 平野丈夫 GluRδ2欠損マウス及びlurcherマウスにおける反射性眼球運動の異常 神経化学 0037-3796 40 2/3 null null 20010000