type: misc

label: url

ja: ヒスタミンと睡眠調節-ヒスタミン神経系とマスト細胞の役割-

en: 睡眠医療

ja: 睡眠医療


en: Sleep regulatory mechanisms

ja: Sleep regulatory mechanisms

en: The fact that resting wakefulness does not satisfy the need for sleep suggests that sleep has a critical role for the brain, probably for its maintenance or repair. Neuronal oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, or energy insufficiency in the brain is now considered to be a trigger or cause for sleep induction. And the timing for sleep is controlled by circadian clock which also exists in the brain. Sleep is occurred in the brain, which is regulated by the brain itself. "Why do we sleep ?" Although everyone wants to know the answer for this issue, scientists should still question that "How do we sleep"?

en: Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine

ja: 日本臨牀


en: 睡眠とエネルギー代謝∼核内受容体との関係から∼

ja: 睡眠とエネルギー代謝∼核内受容体との関係から∼

en: Report of the society of HDS

ja: 健康開発


en: Vitamin A and sleep regulation

ja: Vitamin A and sleep regulation

en: Vitamin A is the parent compound of retinoids, which regulate gene transcription by binding to nuclear retinoid receptors. Recently, it has been suggested that retinoid signaling pathways are important for adult neural function in health and disease. In this mini review we will summarize the molecular pathway of retinoid and experimental data on this pathway relating to sleep regulation, which suggests that retinoid signaling mechanism may be involved in the homeostatic component of sleep electroencephalogram.

en: The Journal of Medical Investigation : JMI


en: Update on Research for Sleep and Circadian Rhythm

ja: 睡眠と生体リズムの最新の知見

en: Slow wave activity(SWA:<4Hz)in electroencephalograms(EEG)appears during non-REMsleep, which is regulated homeostatically, increasing after wakefulness and returning to baselineduring sleep. Recently, it has been suggested that SWA homeostasis may reflect synaptic changesunderlying a cellular need for sleep. Huber et al.(Nature，430(6995):78‐81，2004)have shownthat SWA homeostasis has a local component, which can be triggered by a learning task involvingspecific brain regions. We also found an impaired SWA rebound after sleep deprivation in fmr1(fragile-X syndrome mental retardation1)knockout mice, indicating an involvement of fmr1genein neural plasticity.Clock genes regulating circadian rhythm are recently thought to modulate several brainfunctions. Spanagel et al.(Nature Medicine，11(1):35‐42，2004)have shown that per2mutantmice show alterations in the glutamatergic system in the brain, accompanied by increasing alcoholintake. They also found that, in humans, genetic variations of human per 2 are related to thealcohol consumption Furthermore, clock genes have been indicated to have important roles in notonly brain but also peripheral organs.In future, we need an animal model for"insomnia"which is one of the most common sleepdisorders in humans.

en: Shikoku Acta Medica

ja: 四国医学雑誌


en: Sleep and Biological Clock

ja: 睡眠と生体リズム

en: Circadian rhythm is an endogenous rhythm controlled by a master oscillator (biologicalclock) in the supra-chiasmatic nucleus (SCN), affecting on the almost all physiologicalfunctions including sleep/wake regulation. Recently the biological clock has been shown tofunction at the molecular level, and several circadian-related genes have been identified,such as the Clock, Per 1-3, Bmal 1 or Cry 1, 2.We observed the sleep/wake rhythm in cry 1, 2 double knockout mice and clock mutantmice. Both strains have lost the circadian oscillation in the expression of circadian-relatedgenes. Cry 1, 2 double knockout mice show the entrained sleep/wake rhythm to ordinarylight-dark (LD) cycle, although they show completely flattened rhythm under the constantdark (DD) condition. On the other hand, clock mutant mice show the persistent circadiansleep/wake rhythm under even DD conditions. Although the expression of circadianrelatedgenes do not oscillate, the clock mutant mice have potent circadian rhythm in bodycore temperature, behavior, sleep/wake and cortisol etc. The clock mutant mice have alonger (27 hrs) period of free-running rhythm under DD condition, and the phase of sleep/wake rhythm is delayed for about two hours comparing to the wild-type under LD condition.The important role of the circadian-related genes in the sleep/wake regulation has beenindicated. The functional impairment of the circadian-related genes may be involved in thesleep disorders, such as insomnia or hypersomnia.


en: Why does arterial blood pressure rise actively during REM sleep?

en: A large fluctuation in autonomic function is one of the most important characteristics of REM sleep. Arterial blood pressure (AP) increases during the transition from non-REM to REM sleep, showing phasic surges during REM sleep. REM-associated AP changes involve 1) a long-term recovery process after surgery, 2) circadian rhythm, 3) relationships with ambient temperature. REM-associated AP changes are mediated by sympathetic nerves, buffered by baroreflex, abolished in decerebrated cats, and related to hippocampal theta activity in rats. Furthermore, the midbrain dopaminergic system has been recently found to be involved in increases in REM-associated AP.

ja: The Journal of Medical Investigation : JMI