type: misc

label: url

en: 遺伝性胃癌:病態解析と診断の進歩 胃腺癌および近位胃ポリポーシス(GAPPS)を中心に.

en: 胃と腸

ja: 胃と腸


en: Triple-negative breast cancer and basal-like subtype : Pathology and targeted therapy.

en: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogenous disease. For personalized medicine, it is essential to identify and classify tumor subtypes to develop effective therapeutic strategies. Although gene expression profiling has identified several TNBC subtypes, classification of these tumors remains complex. Most TNBCs exhibit an aggressive phenotype, but some rare types have a favorable clinical course. In this review, we summarize the classification and characteristics related to the various TNBC subtypes, including the rare types. Therapeutic methods that are suitable for each subtype are also discussed. Of the intrinsic breast cancer subtypes identified by gene expression analysis, the basal-like subtype specifically displayed decreased expression of an estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) cluster. We also present results that characterize the TNBC and basal-like phenotypes. TNBC may be categorized into four major classes : basal-like, immune-enriched, mesenchymal, and luminal androgen receptor. Therapeutic strategies for each subtype have been proposed along with newly approved targeted therapies for TNBC, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. Understanding the classification of TNBC based on gene expression profiling in association with clinicopathological factors will facilitate accurate pathological diagnosis and effective treatment selection. J. Med. Invest. 68 : 213-219, August, 2021.

en: The Journal of Medical Investigation : JMI


en: Classification of triple-negative breast cancer subtypes based on heterogeneity and comparison with basal-like carcinoma

ja: トリプルネガティブ乳癌の多様性と病理診断ー基底細胞タイプとはー

en: Immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)methods have been implemented to characterize triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)due to the lack of expression of estrogen receptor(ER)and progesterone receptor(PgR)as well as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2). TNBC exhibits adverse prognostic features, as both hormone and anti-HER2 therapies are ineffective, and thus chemotherapy is required. Among the intrinsic subtypes identified through gene expression analysis, the expression of ER and HER2cluster was found to be low specifically in the basal-like subtype. The basal-like subtype exhibits mammary myoepithelial cell(or basal cell)-like gene expression pattern. Most of the cells were triple negative in immunohistochemical method, and exhibited a characteristic expression of myoepithelial or basal cell markers, such as cytokeratin(CK)5/6, CK14, CK17, p63, and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR). Basal-like carcinoma is similar to TNBC in terms of histology and clinical features. Here, we have presented some of our study results indicating the characteristics of TNBC and basal-like phenotype. TNBC is a heterogeneous disease, and ongoing research is aimed at developing individualized treatment based on its biological characteristics. However, the effective treatment methods and therapeutic efficacy predictors are yet to be discovered. Recently, targeted therapies for TNBC, including the poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitors for germline BRCA mutation-associated breast cancer and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have been approved. Moreover, the level of programmed death ligand1(PD-L1)in tumor-infiltrating immune cells is determined using the histopathological analysis of specimens to assess the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, the classification of TNBC subtypes and characteristics of basal-like carcinoma has been discussed.

en: Shikoku Acta Medica

ja: 四国医学雑誌


en: 【Refresher Course】婦人科腫瘍のWHO分類第4版の解説

ja: 【Refresher Course】婦人科腫瘍のWHO分類第4版の解説

en: Japanese Journal of Imaging Diagnosis

ja: 画像診断


en: Oxaliplatin-related sinusoidal obstruction syndrome mimicking metastatic liver tumors.

en: A 40-year-old woman who had undergone a curative low anterior resection for advanced rectal cancer was admitted to our hospital. She had been administrated oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed three hypovascular tumors, 3.0, 1.5 and 1.0 cm in diameter, located in the right hepatic lobe. The hepatocyte phase of the gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated these lesions as hypointense tumors relative to the surrounding hepatic parenchyma. All these findings of the preoperative imaging modalities were compatible to metastatic liver tumors from the rectal cancer, and right hepatic lobectomy was successfully performed. Histopathologically, the tumors revealed sinusoidal dilation and severe congestion outlined by atrophic hepatocyte trabeculae, which was known as peliosis hepatis. The perisinusoidal space of Disse was extensively dilated and contained many erythrocytes. Taking these findings into account, the hepatic tumors were considered to be the space-occupying lesions resulting from the sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. We herein report the first case of focal sinusoidal obstruction syndrome mimicking metastatic liver tumors.

en: Hepatology Research

ja: Hepatology Research


en: High expressions of cancer stem cell markers in cholangiolocellular carcinoma.

en: Cholangiolocellular carcinoma (CLC) is an extremely rare malignant liver tumor. It is thought to originate from the ductules and/or canals of Hering, where hepatic stem cells (HpSC) are located, but there are few reports on cancer stem cell markers in CLC. Thus, we evaluated the significance of cancer stem cell markers, including CD133, CD44, and EpCAM, in CLC. The subjects of this study were three patients with CLC and one patient with an intermediate type of combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (CHC). The cancer cell markers, CK7, CK19, and EMA, were evaluated immunohistochemically. Histological examination of the CLC revealed morphologically cholangiolar features and immunohistochemical examination revealed positivity for CD133, CD44, and EpCAM. On the other hand, in the intermediate type of CHC, only CD44 was positive, whereas CD133 and EpCAM were negative. CLC may have stronger features derived from HpSCs than an intermediate type of CHC.

en: Surgery Today

ja: Surgery Today


en: 胸膜中皮腫の組織診断における問題点

ja: 胸膜中皮腫の組織診断における問題点


en: 【婦人科がん画像診断の最先端】卵巣転移性腫瘍

ja: 【婦人科がん画像診断の最先端】卵巣転移性腫瘍

en: Obstetrical and Gynecological Practice

ja: 産婦人科の実際