Anatomical status of the human palatopharyngeal sphincter and its functional implications.

The PPS is a muscle distinct from the SCP. Its contraction produces Passavant's ridge and conceivably enhances the efficiency of velopharyngeal closure by pressing the salpingopharyngeal fold and the musculus uvulae ridge against the velum.


Gross anatomical classification of the courses of the human lingual artery.

The present study provides detailed information on the courses of lingual artery which will be of clinical importance especially in the super-selective arterial angiography.


Measurement of the zygomatic bone and pilot hole technique for safer insertion of zygomaticus implants

The zygomaticus implant was developed for patients with severe bone resorption of the posterior maxilla. These may eliminate or minimize the need for bone grafting. Although the zygomaticus implant has shown a remarkable success rate in this difficult-to-treat patient population, the method requires an advanced surgical technique and carries an increased risk of complications. There have been few anatomical studies on the zygomatic bone in relation to the insertion of zygomaticus implants. The height and thickness of the zygomatic bone for the insertion were measured in this study. The thickness at the 90° angle point, where the upper margin of the zygomatic arch and the temporal margin of the frontal process of the zygomatic bone intersect and where the apex of the implant penetrates, was found to be 1.8±0.4 mm; this gradually increased inferiorly and anteriorly. Thus, the penetration point of the apex of the zygomaticus implant should be located more inferoanterior to the 90° angle point, as the thickness in this region is thinner than the diameter of the implant. Based on the results of this study, a newer and safer insertion method for the zygomaticus implant using a drill guide is proposed.

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery


Gross Anatomical Classification of the Courses of the Human Sublingual Artery.


The Ceramics Radiating Far Infrared Ray Energy (Rhyolite) Promote the Formation of Bone.


Anatomical status of the human Musculus uvulae and its functional implications.

In our ongoing series of anatomical studies to determine the three-dimensional architecture of the human velar muscles, we have previously reported on the palatopharyngeus. The present study deals with the musculus uvulae (MU), in which the positional relationships of its origin to the posterior nasal spine and the palatine aponeurosis, as well as the interrelation between its anatomical status and functions, have yet to be clarified. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed on 25 and 2 cadavers, respectively. In the former, bilateral MUs and their adjacent structures were exposed mainly from the nasal aspect. In the latter, the soft palates embedded in paraffin were cut into frontal and sagittal sections and alternately processed with HE and Azan stains. The left and right MUs adjacent to each other were found to run longitudinally along the midline beneath the nasal aspect of velum. It was overlaid by glandular tissue that increased in amount as it coursed distally. After originating from the oral surface of palatine aponeurosis, it ran backward to cross above the sling formed by the levator veli palatini muscles of both sides and reached the tip of uvula with its muscle fibers intermingled with glandular tissue. Past studies have proposed three functions of MU to enhance the efficiency of velopharyngeal closure: space occupier, stiffness modifier, and velar extensor. All of the above-described anatomical characteristics of MU could be explained as being adapted for these functions. This implies that MU is actively responsible for maintaining the velopharyngeal closure efficiency.


Mastoparan peptide causes mitochondrial permeability transition not by interacting with specific membrane proteins but by interacting with the phospholipid phase.

The mastoparan peptide is known as an inducer of the mitochondrial permeability transition. Although mastoparan was suggested to interact with a proteinaceous target in mitochondria to induce this transition, the action sites of mastoparan have not yet been investigated. To clarify whether specific interactions of mastoparan with receptors or enzymes are associated with the induction of this permeability transition, we examined the effects of d-isomeric peptides, which were synthesized using d-amino acids assembled in endogenous (inverso mastoparan) and reverse (retro-inverso mastoparan) orientations. When we added inverso mastoparan to isolated mitochondria, the peptide caused the permeability transition in a partially cyclosporin A-sensitive manner at lower doses and in a cyclosporin A-insensitive manner at higher ones. The manners of action and the potencies of inverso mastoparan were close to those of parent mastoparan, indicating that the targets of mastoparan for induction of the permeability transition were neither receptors, nor enzymes in the mitochondria. Retro-inverso mastoparan also had the same effect on the mitochondria as mastoparan, although the potencies of the effect were weaker. Not only on mitochondria, but also on phospholipid vesicles, mastoparan and inverso mastoparan showed massive permeabilization effects at the same potencies, although retro-inverso mastoparan showed weaker ones. These results indicate that mastoparan interacted with the phospholipid phase of the mitochondrial membrane (and not with specific proteins) to induce the permeabilization in cyclosporin A-sensitive and -insensitive manners.


Development of the compound biomaterials containing the ceramics radiating the far infrared ray (FIR) energy and titanium with the bone forming ability


Gross anatomical study of the human palatopharyngeus muscle throught its entile course from origin to insertion

The palatopharyngeus (PP) extends throughout the entire length of the pharynx and probably plays an important role in deglutition, but its spatial distribution remains undefined in some respects. This study was designed to clarify the exact distribution of the PP indispensable for understanding its functions. Using 50 cadavers, the PP and its neighboring muscles were bilaterally exposed in both surfaces of the pharynx. The PP was composed of two divisions: longitudinal and transverse. It is already known that the longitudinal PP is divided into two fasciculi sandwiching the levator veli palatini (LVP) immediately after originating from the palatine aponeurosis. However, we newly discovered a fasciculus originating from the uvula, and further regarded the salpingopharyngeus as another fasciculus of origin. The four fasciculi united to descend through the palatopharyngeal arch and inserted into the thyroid cartilage and beneath the mucosa of the hypopharynx. The transverse PP occupied a location transitional between the PP and superior constrictor (SC), where it originated from the palatine aponeurosis and passed dorsally to encircle the pharyngeal isthmus and reach the pharyngeal raphe. Although whether it belongs to the PP or SC has remained controversial, we regarded it as a portion of the PP from the evolutionary perspective and proposed anatomical criteria for differentiating it from the SC. The wide distribution of the PP suggests that it acts not only to elevate the pharynx or depress the soft palate, but also as a nasopharyngeal sphincter when closing the pharyngeal isthmus.


顎顔面と前頸部の筋膜と筋膜隙

顎顔面と前頸部の筋膜と筋膜隙


S-15176 and its methylated derivative suppress the CsA-insensitive mitochondrial permeability transition and subsequent cytochrome c release induced by silver ion, and show weak protonophoric activity.

A recent report has described that S-15176 (N-[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-1-thiophenyl)]-3-propyl-N'-(2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl) piperazine), an anti-ischemic agent, inhibits the mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) induced by not only Ca(2+) and inorganic phosphate, but also by tert-butylhydroperoxide or phenylarsine oxide [Morin et al. (Biochem Pharmacol 72:911-918, 2006)]. In the present study, we tested the effects of S-15176 on the PT induced by Ag(+), PT of which is not suppressed by cyclosporin A or oligomycin. S-15176 was effective in suppressing the PT and the subsequent cytochrome c release induced by Ag(+), and hence, it was concluded to be a more universal PT inhibitor than cyclosporin A or oligomycin. In addition to the PT-suppression activity, S-15176 also showed weak protonophoric activity. Thus, we further tested to investigate whether the hydroxyl group of S-15176 was involved in its PT-suppression or weak protonophoric activities. The methylated derivative of S-15176 also showed both PT suppression and weak protonophoric activities; hence, the hydroxyl group of S-15176 was concluded not to be involved in these activities.


Far-infrared ray radiation inhibits the proliferation of A549, HSC and Sa3 cancer cells through enhancing the expression of ATF3 gene

Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications


Non-thermal effects of far-infrared ray (FIR) on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 and their tumors


Influenza vaccine with Surfacten, a modified pulmonary surfactant, induces systemic and mucosal immune responses without side effects in minipigs

Immune responses and side effects of intranasally administered flu vaccine with the commercial product Surfacten, a modified bovine pulmonary surfactant, were investigated in minipigs. The use of minipigs was based on the anatomical resemblance of nasal lymph nodes, the principal antigen uptake site of respiratory mucosal immunity, between pig and human. Intranasal instillation of HA vaccine adjuvanted with Surfacten elicited significantly higher serum hemagglutination inhibition titers than the antigen alone, with wide cross-neutralizing activities of secretory IgA in nasal washes. No significant induction of inflammatory cytokines or migration of inflammatory cells was observed at the site of immunization or serum after the first immunization. These data suggest the potential usefulness of Surfacten for mucosal vaccination.


斜角筋椎骨三角の局所解剖構造

斜角筋椎骨三角の局所解剖構造


遠赤外線を用いた歯周組織再生に関する基礎研究ーMC3T3-E1細胞の動態及び骨形成に及ぼす遠赤外線の解析—


The effects inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells by far-infrared radiation (FIR) are controlled by the basal expression level of heat shock protein(HSP) 70A

We developed a tissue culture incubator that can continuously irradiate cells with far-infrared radiation (FIR) of wavelengths between 4 and 20 microm with a peak of 7-12 microm, and found that FIR caused different inhibiting effects to five human cancer cell lines, namely A431 (vulva), HSC3 (tongue), Sa3 (gingiva), A549 (lung), and MCF7 (breast). Then, in order to make clear the control system for the effect of FIR, the gene expression concerned to the inhibition effect by FIR were analyzed. In consequence, basal expression level of HSP70A mRNA was higher in A431 and MCF7 cells than in the FIR-sensitive HSC3, Sa3, and A549 cells. Also, the over expression of HSP70 inhibited FIR-induced growth arrest in HSC3 cells, and an HSP70 siRNA inhibited the proliferation of A431 cells by irradiation with FIR. These results indicate that the effect of a body temperature range of FIR suppressing the proliferation of some cancer cells is controlled by the basal expression level of heat shock protein (HSP) 70A. This finding suggested that FIR should be very effective medical treatment for some cancer cells which have a low level of HSP70. Still more, if the level of HSP70 in any cancer of a patient was measured, the effect of medical treatment by FIR can be foreseen for the cancer.


種々の変異を伴う馬蹄腎の1例について

種々の変異を伴う馬蹄腎の1例について

臨床解剖研究会記録No8

臨床解剖研究会記録No8


肉眼解剖学的にみた嚥下におけるヒト咽頭挙筋群の役割

肉眼解剖学的にみた嚥下におけるヒト咽頭挙筋群の役割

臨床解剖研究会記録No8

臨床解剖研究会記録No8


圧痛点の臨床応用についてー合谷への圧痛，慢性腰痛の圧痛点，解剖構造，指頭感覚などー


Effects of Carbonic AnhydraseInhibitor Acetazolamide(AZ)on Osteoclasts and Bone Structure

We examined the changes of osteoclasts and bone structure in vivo and in vitro under the condition of low activity of bone resorption induced by acetazolamide (AZ). AZ is a specific inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), which is the enzyme indispensable for substantial proton generation by osteoclasts. In vivo study, we investigated histologically and histomorphometrically the changes of trabecular bone and osteoclasts at the cartilage-bone junction of tibiae in rats injected subcutaneously with AZ for 21 days. The area of trabecular bone of AZ treated group increased compared with control group. Moreover, AZ treatment decreased about 20% the number of osteoclasts at the cartilage-bone junction. In vitro study, we examined the effects of AZ on osteoclasts using culture system of rat bone marrow. The number of osteoclasts on the bone slice was suppressed by AZ of a concentration from 10^<-5> to 10^<-4> M in a doze-dependent manner. The number of osteoclasts cultured with 10^<-4>M AZ for 24 hours and with or without parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the bone slice and on the glass showed a significant decrease compared with the control group. Some osteoclasts treated with AZ showed morphological changes of apoptosis-like cell death, including shrinking of cytoplasm and fragmentation of nuclei. These results show that high-doze of AZ decreases bone resorption not only by inhibiting CA II but also by decreasing the number of osteoclasts via induction of cell death. This suggests that CA II plays an important role not only in proton formation but also in osteoclast survival.


Differntial expression of protein phosphatase type 1 isotypes and nucleolin during cell cycle arrest

In the present study, we examined the expression and cytolocalization of protein phosphatase type 1 (PP1) isoforms and nucleolin in human osteoblastic cell line MG63 cells at two boundaries in the cell cycle. We treated MG63 cells with hydroxyurea and nocodazole to arrest the cells at the G(1)/S and G(2)/M boundaries, respectively. As judged from the results of Western blot analysis, PP1 isoforms were expressed differently at each boundary of the cell cycle. Nucleolin was also shown to have a different expression pattern at each boundary. In the hydroxyurea-treated cells, nucleolus-like bodies were bigger in size and decreased in number compared with those in asynchronized cells. However, the subcellular localization of PP1s and nucleolin was not changed. Anti-nucleolin antibody interacted with 110-kDa and 95-kDa proteins present in asynchronized cells and in the cells treated with hydroxyurea. Treatment of the cells with nocodazole decreased the level of the 95-kDa form of nucleolin. In the nocodazole-treated cells, it was impossible to distinguish the distribution of each protein. The phosphorylation status of nucleolin in the cell cycle arrested samples was examined by 2D-IEF-PAGE followed by Western blot analysis. In the case of asynchronized cells or hydroxyurea-treated ones, nucleolin was located at a basic isoelectric point (dephosphorylated status); whereas in the G(2)/M arrest cells, the isoelectric point of nucleolin shifted to an acidic status, indicating that nucleolin was phosphorylated. The present results indicate that PP1 and nucleolin were differently expressed at G(1)/S and G(2)/M boundaries of the cell cycle and acted in a different fashion during cell-cycle progression.


経穴の刺鍼安全深度の研究を顧みて --- 日本と中国の安全深度との比較

経穴の刺鍼安全深度の研究を顧みて --- 日本と中国の安全深度との比較


経路と類似走行を示す解剖学構造について

経路と類似走行を示す解剖学構造について


経絡と類似走行を示す解剖構造について

経絡と類似走行を示す解剖構造について


歯科治療時の偶発症としての開口障害と嚥下痛の発生機序を理解するに必要な局所解剖学的知識


経穴の刺鍼安全深度の研究を顧みて --- 日本と中国での安全深度との比較

経穴の刺鍼安全深度の研究を顧みて --- 日本と中国での安全深度との比較


A New Animal Raiser: Effect of Low Temperature Narrow Wavelength Far Infrared Radiation on Tumor Growth of A431 Cells

ITE Letters on Batteries, New Technologies & Medicine


Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression in MC3T3-E1 after Specific Far-infrared Radiation

We developed the CO_2 incubator (Fig.1) which can emit specific wavelength (7 to 12 om) of farinfrared ray (FIR), which range was regarded to have strong effect to living body, and had been analyzing the effect of specific FIR in radiated osteoblasts. The results suggested that specific FIR inhibited the proliferation and promoted the differentiation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. In the present study, the gene expression in MC3T3-E1 cell affected by specific FIR was analyzed. MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to full time specific FIR and total mRNA were analyzed by using Mouse oligo microarray (Agilent technologies) on day 3 of differentiation. Data filtering and cluster analysis were done by Genespring (Silicon Genetics). The results suggested that most important genes belonged to the control systems for transcription and, cell-cell signaling and growth affected by specific FIR. Still more, it was found that the DEAD related system and Homeobox related system were important for transcription, and interferon related system, thyroid hormone related system, and fibroblast growth hormone related system, platelet-derived growth factor related system and interleukin related system were important for cell-cell signaling and growth by our developed profiling system of genes in specific FIR radiation.


Development of CO2 Iincubator with Limited Far-Infrared Radiation for Activation of Mitochondrial Metabolism


歯科偶発症としての縦隔気腫 --- 空気の波及経路についての解剖学的考察

歯科偶発症としての縦隔気腫 --- 空気の波及経路についての解剖学的考察


Okadaic acid induces tyrosine phosphorylation of IkBa that mediated by PKR pathway in human osteoblastic MG63 cells

Treatment of human osteosarcoma cell line MG 63 cells with okadaic acid stimulated phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha, as judged from the results of Western blot analysis and a lambda protein phosphatase dephosphorylation assay. The stimulated phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha was both time- and dose-dependent. The phosphorylation sites of IkappaBalpha were taken to be tyrosine residues because the anti-phospho-tyrosine antibody bound to the samples immunoprecipitated with the anti-IkappaBalpha antibody. In the cells treated with 100 nM okadaic acid consequential translocation of NF-kappaB p65 from the cytosol to the nucleus occurred. Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is a player in the cellular antiviral response and is involved in transcriptional stimulation through activation of NF-kappaB. We investigated the functional relationship between PKR and IkappaBalpha phosphorylation by constructing MG 63 PKR K/R cells that produced a catalytically inactive mutant PKR. NF-kappaB p65 was detected in the nucleus of these cells, even in the unstimulated cells. Although IkappaBalpha was degraded phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha, a substrate of PKR, did not occur in the mutant cells treated with okadaic acid. Our results suggest that okadaic acid-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha was mediated by PKR kinase activity, thus indicating the involvement of this kinase in the control mechanism governing the activation of NF-kappaB.


Effect of calcitonin and CLIK148 on the structure of ruffled border and clear zone in osteoclast-like cells indused from human peripheral blood

ヒト破骨細胞様細胞の波状縁と明帯の形態に及ぼすカルシトニンおよびCLIK148の効果について


Development of CO2 Incubator with Limited Far-Infrared Radiation for Activation of Mitochondrial Metabolism

ITE Letters on Batteries, New Technologies and Medicine


A new animal raiser : Effect of low temperature narrow wavelength far infrared radiation on tumor growth of A431 cells.

ITE Letters on Batteries, New Technologists & Medicine


Okadaic acid induces apoptosis through double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase/eukaryotic initiation factor-2a pathway in human osteoblastic MG63 cells

Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is a participant in the cellular antiviral response and phosphorylates the alpha-subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF-2alpha) to block protein synthesis. Treatment of human osteosarcoma cell line MG63 cells with a serine and threonine protein phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid, at the concentration of 100 nM, but not at 20 nM, induced apoptosis. To investigate the functional relationship between phosphatases and apoptosis, we examined the phosphorylation levels of PKR and eIF-2alpha by Western blot analysis. During treatment of cells with it at the higher concentration (100 nM), okadaic acid increased the level of phosphorylated PKR in MG63 cells, this kinase phosphorylating eIF-2alpha. However, at the lower concentration (20 nM), okadaic acid did not affect the level of phosphorylated PKR. In the cells treated with 100 nM okadaic acid, activation of NF-kappaB also occurred. Even though inhibition of translation occurred simultaneously in MG63 cells, the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Fas and Bax was not affected by 100 nM okadaic acid in these cells. We concluded that the inhibition of translation decreased anti-apoptotic protein expression, thus resulting in apoptosis. Our results also suggest that the inhibition of the protein phosphatase activity by okadaic acid induced apoptosis in MG63 cells through PKR and eIF-2alpha.


Variations in the Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle With Special Reference to Its Origin and Insertion

Previous research on the tensor veli palatini muscle (TVP) has produced conflicting descriptions of its functions and topographical relationships with other orofacial structures. The goal of this study was to describe the morphology of the TVP in a systematic and comprehensive manner. One hundred nineteen sides of 77 human heads from donated cadavers were partially dissected under a binocular microscope. Histological examination of the hard tissue-muscle interfaces was also undertaken. There were two adjacent origins of the TVP: the cranial base origin (CB origin) and the auditory tube cartilage origin (AT origin). The CB origin always lay anterior to the AT origin and there was no septum or loose tissue between the two muscular laminae leading from these origins. The muscle fibers converged on a central tendinous plate in the muscle belly, which gradually became a common tendon that rounded the pterygoid hamulus before inserting into the palatine aponeurosis. Notably, secondary insertions were found on the maxillary tuber (33.6%) and/or in the submucosal tissue near the palatoglossal arch (37.8%). Maxillary insertions were almost exclusively associated with an AT origin that was wide as or wider than the CB origin. Histological observations confirmed that the hamulus acted purely as a pulley and suggested that a connecting band to the tensor tympani had no or few functions of an intermediate tendon. The TVP appears to act as the dilator tubae and that this function can be maintained by preserving or reconstructing the maxillary insertion during push-back surgery, even if hamulotomy is necessary.


Double-stranded RNA mediates selective gene silencing of protein phosphatase type 1 delta isoform in HEK-293 cells

The reversible phosphorylation of proteins mediates cellular signals in eukaryotic cells. RNA interference inhibits the expression of genes and proteins in a sequence-specific manner and provides a tool to study the functions of target molecules. The effect of RNA interference on protein phosphatase isoforms in HEK-293 cells was examined. Protein phosphatase 1 delta (PP1delta) sequence-specific double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) inhibited mRNA and protein expression of the PP1delta. This RNA interference did not affect the expression of lphaand gamma1 isoforms of PP1. Transfection of antisense RNA specific for PP1delta also suppressed the expression of PP1delta. It was further demonstrated by an in vitro RNA cleavage assay that extracts of HEK-293 cells catalyzed the processing of dsRNA. This cell line had much stronger mRNA expression of Dicer, an RNase III-like enzyme, than did human osteoblastic MG63 cells. The present results show that RNA interference is a useful tool to distinguish between PP1 isoforms.

Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry


全内臓逆位を伴った右胸心患者の全身麻酔経験

全内臓逆位を伴った右胸心患者の全身麻酔経験

Journal of Japanese Dental Society of Anesthesiology


Extracellular matrix formed by MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells cultured on titanium 2. Collagen fiber formation

Many aspects of the structures formed between titanium and cells and the mechanism of the formation are still unknown. In order to clarify these issues, we analyzed the initial structures formed between titanium and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells cultured on titanium. The present results indicate that extracellular matrix containing collagen fibers formed at the surface of a calcined layer on the titanium. At first, a hemispherical body and a small secondary spherical structure formed at the surface, followed by more beads to form a string-of-beads structure. These string-of-beads collagen structures elongated and formed spirals. For the first time ever, we directly observed the structure of collagen fiber formed between cultured osteoblasts and titanium with microscopy. Here, we describe the formation mechanism of type I collagen fibers in extracellular bone matrix. Elucidation of the mechanism of collagen fiber formation will aid in the development of controlled tissue regeneration.


Extracellular matrix formed by MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells cultured on titanium 1. Anchor structure

In order to clarify the structure of the extracellular matrix formed by osteoblasts in contact with titanium, we analyzed the structure formed by cultured clonal MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts on a calcified surface of commercial pure titanium, after exfoliating the cells from the surface of the titanium. Collagen fibers formed between neighboring cells and between cells and titanium, in the latter case with one tip of each collagen fiber bound to the cell and the other tip bound to the surface of the titanium embedded in the calcified layer. We called this structure an "anchor structure", because the collagen fibers embedded in the calcified layer anchor the cells to the titanium. This structure may be a reason for the useful biocompatibility between titanium and bone.


Dental pulp cells with multi-potential for differentiation to odontoblast and chondroblast

The repair of dentin is thought to be maintained through differentiation of undefined precursor cells within the dental pulp to odontoblasts. To investigate the characteristics of these undefined precursor cells in dental pulp, mixed pulp cells and cloned cells were obtained from H-2K^b-ts A58 heterozygous transgenic mice. Differentiation of dental pulp precursor cells in vitro was assayed by RT-PCR analysis of gene expression of osteopontin, osteocalcin and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and by von Kossa staining for mineralization. All assays were conducted on cultured mixed pulp cells and clonal cells PC1, PCS and PC 14. The results suggested that dental pulp cells could differentiate to odontoblasts in vitro. To test for chondrogenic potential, mixed pulp cells and clonal cells PC1, PCS and PC 14 were maintained in high density pellet cultures, and PC1 cells were stained with toluidine blue for glycosaminoglycans (GAG) content. To confirm the chondrocyte phenotype, the extracellular matrix of PC1 cells in pellet culture was stained with anti-type II collagen antibody. This study is the first to demonstrate that dental pulp stem cells present in the dental pulp have multi-potential to differentiate to both odontoblast and chondroblast.


骨スライス上で培養した骨芽細胞MC3T3-E1細胞の細胞外マトリックス形成機構とその運命


Morphological Features of the Osteopetrotic Op/Op Mouse Skeleton


膏盲穴刺鍼の安全深度の検討—遺体解剖，および生体での臨床所見とCT画像における検討—


Blood supply to the duodenal papilla and the Communicating artery between the anterior and posterior Pancreaticoduodenal arterial arcade

The communicating artery (ComA) between the anterior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal arterial arcades is little understood, although it has been described several times during the past 100 years. In 44 of 51 cadaveric specimens in the present study, the typical ComA was observed to pass between the major and accessory pancreatic ducts. In addition, a second ComA was sometimes found crossing inferior to the major pancreatic duct. The typical ComAs often (36 of the 44) issued papillary branch(es). Although direct papillary branches of the posterior arcade were often observed to either coexist with (9 specimens) or exist independently (4 specimens), the ComA-derived branch seemed to be critical for papillary blood supply, because of its shorter length, greater thickness, and higher frequency. Moreover, the typical ComA could be a good landmark during limited pancreatic resection, such as duodenum-preserving subtotal resection of the pancreatic head or pancreatic segment resection, because the artery is likely to be an indicator of the borders between the celiac and superior mesenteric arterial territories, as well as those between the ventral and dorsal segments of the pancreas.

Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery


顎関節症と鍼灸治療—下関穴刺鍼の局所解剖·臨床的意義—

顎関節症と鍼灸治療—下関穴刺鍼の局所解剖·臨床的意義—


※中穴刺鍼の安全深度の検討(1)—遺体での胸骨裂孔の形状と胸骨の厚さ，および生体での画像所見による安全深度の検討—


Review article: Applications of fluorescence microscopy to studies of denta hard tissue

In this review we describe applications of fluorescence microscopy to investigations of dental hard tissue. Many studies have shown that human teeth show autofluorescence and several applications of fluorescence microscopy have been reported, although the chemical nature of autofluorescence remains unknown. However, most applications are based on a static measurement mode, which has inherent limitations. These limitations can be overcome by the use of time-resolved fluorescence microscopy. Therefore, we attempted to combine ordinary and time-resolved fluorescence microscopy to study human dentine. Using stationary measurements, blue fluorescence with a peak of 440 +/- 10 nm and a width of approximately 100 nm was observed. Increases in fluorescence intensity were found to be dependent upon age and temperature, regardless of tooth type or gender. The results suggest that the aging mechanism for crown dentine differs from that for root dentine and that the observed increase in fluorescence intensity is partially due to a temperature-dependent physicochemical mechanism. We speculate that fluorescence microscopy will become a useful tool for analysis of dental hard tissue in several fields.

Frontiers of Medical and Biological Engineering


Pronounced palatal and mandibular tori observed in a patient with chronic Phenytoin therapy, a case report

Phenytoin, an anticonvulsant drug for epileptic patients, has many adverse effects, including calvarial thickening and coarsening of the facial features. Previous studies have demonstrated that phenytoin has an anabolic action on bone cells. This report describes pronounced palatal and mandibular tori found in a 45-year-old Japanese man undergoing chronic phenytoin therapy. The tori were extremely large, lobular, and symmetrical. A palatal torus appeared along the middle of the hard palate and mandibular tori consisted of 2 pairs of nodular masses extensively filling the lingual floor of the oral cavity. Pronounced osseous outgrowth occurred for the duration of a dose-increase of phenytoin from 1985 to 1997. His parents did not have any palatal or mandibular tori. These facts suggest that these unusual tori may have been the result of chronic phenytoin therapy, rather than association with the familial background.


Autofluorescence in human dentine in relation to age, tooth type and temperature measured by nanosecond time-resolved fluorescence microscopy

Stationary and dynamic characteristics of autofluorescence in human dentine were examined with a nanosecond time-resolved fluorescence microphotometer. With ageing, the intensity of the fluorescence increased whereas the decay time decreased. There were no differences in fluorescence intensity, decay time or spectral profile among tooth types taken from the same individuals or from individuals of the same age. Fluorescence intensity was enhanced after the application of heat (37 and 50 degrees C), but remained unchanged when specimens were kept at 4 degrees C. These results suggest that the increase in fluorescence intensity was partially due to a temperature-dependent physicochemical mechanism.


刺鍼の安全性についての局所解剖学的検討(5)—遺体解剖，および生体でのCT画像より見た中※·陰部·梁門穴への刺鍼の安全深度について—


Cationic uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation are inducers of Mitochondrial permeability transition

To determine whether cationic uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation induce permeability transition in mitochondria, the effects of the divalent cationic sulfhydryl cross-linker copper-o-phenanthroline (Cu(OP)2) and the cyanine dye tri-S-C4(5) on rat liver mitochondria were examined. Like Ca2+, they accelerated mitochondrial respiration with succinate and induced mitochondrial swelling when inorganic phosphate (Pi) was present in the incubation medium. The acceleration of respiration and swelling were inhibited by the SH-reagent N-ethylmaleimide, and by the specific permeability transition inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA). In addition, these cations, like Ca2+, induced release of ADP entrapped in the mitochondrial matrix space, and the morphological change of mitochondria induced by these cations was essentially the same as that induced by Ca2+. It is concluded that the uncoupling actions of Cu(OP)2 and tri-S-C4(5) are due to induction of permeability transition in the inner mitochondrial membrane.


Cationic uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation are inducers of mitochondrial permeability transition


cDNA cloning of bovine thrombospondin 1 and its expression in odontoblasts and predentin

The extracellular matrix protein thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) was cloned from odontoblasts of bovine mandibular teeth which participate in dentinogenesis. The 5289 bp cDNA contains a complete open reading frame of 1170 amino acids. Bovine TSP1 has high homologies to its human and mouse counterparts. In immunohistochemical analyses of bovine anterior teeth with anti-TSP1 monoclonal antibody, TSP1 was only detectable at the position of predentin, located between dentin and unmineralized dental pulp. Northern blot analysis showed high levels of two sizes of TSP1 mRNAs in odontoblasts but not dental pulp and gingiva. Previously we found that osteotropic factors such as calcitriol and TGF-beta induce TSP1 at the transcriptional level in clonal rat dental pulp cells. These results suggest a role of TSP1 in dentinogenesis and/or maintenance of dentin and dental pulp.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology


Identification of calprotein , a calcium binding leukocyte protein, In human dental calculus matrix

Calprotectin is a calcium binding protein produced by leukocytes, macrophages and epithelial cells, and its levels in several tissues increase during infections and in many inflamed areas, suggesting that it may be an indicator of inflammatory activity. Osteopontin is a prominent phosphorylated glycoprotein in bone matrix, having calcium binding capacity. Recently, it has been reported that calprotectin and osteopontin are present in urinary stones (pathological mineralized masses in the body), and that these proteins may be involved in their formation. Dental calculus formed by mineralization of dental plaque is an inflammatory factor which may contribute to periodontal disease. It contains many organic components involved in mineralization. We recently found osteopontin molecules in human dental calculus and suggested that the components of its matrix may be similar to those of urinary stones. In this study, we investigated the presence of calprotectin in human dental calculus by immunohistochemical and immunoblotting analyses using a specific antibody for calprotectin. After fixation and demineralization of dental calculi adhered to tooth roots, sections embedded in paraffin were immunoreacted with the antibody for calprotectin and positive immunostaining for calprotectin was observed. Dental calculus proteins were then extracted with EDTA and separated by electrophoresis on 15% polyacrylamide gels. By immunoblotting analysis, 3 or 4 bands were observed at 11, 14.5, 22-25, 28 or 36.5 kDa and these patterns corresponded to those of calprotectin subunits. When non-immune rabbit serum was used instead of calprotectin-specific antibody as a negative control, no immunoreactivity was observed. These findings indicate that calprotectin is associated not only with antibacterial action but also with calcium binding capacity during dental calculus formation.


ラット後肢の指骨切断後の治癒過程に及ぼすethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonateの影響—光学顕微鏡所見を中心に—


殷門穴と坐骨神経との位置関係—肉眼解剖およびCT画像による検討—

殷門穴と坐骨神経との位置関係—肉眼解剖およびCT画像による検討—


上頸神経節への刺鍼方法の解剖学的検討

上頸神経節への刺鍼方法の解剖学的検討


Identification of osteopontin in human dental calculus matrix.

Osteopontin is a prominent non-collagenous component of bone matrix, although it is expressed in several other tissues. Recently, osteopontin was reported to be involved in urinary stone formation and atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta, suggesting that it may be a key protein associated with these types of pathological mineralization. In this study, whether or not human dental calculus contains osteopontin was investigated by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analyses. After extraction of calculus proteins with EDTA and separation of the proteins by electrophoresis, immunoblotting analysis revealed the presence of osteopontin. Two forms of osteopontin appeared at 61 and 68 kDa on 10% polyacrylamide gel and the proteins were digested with thrombin, a highly specific protease. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that osteopontin was localized in dental calculus adherent to tooth roots. These findings indicate that osteopontin is, in fact, present in human dental calculus and may be involved in calculus formation as the stone matrix.


Identification of osteopontin in human dental calculus matrix


遺体解剖と生体X線像より見た肩外兪穴(肩甲骨上角際)への刺鍼の安全性について

遺体解剖と生体X線像より見た肩外兪穴(肩甲骨上角際)への刺鍼の安全性について


Positional relation between acpunctures to the points Daijo(BL11), kengaiyu(SI14) and tenryo(TE15) and the pleura, discussed from a cadaver dissection and CT photographs of living bodies --- (4)—遺体解剖，および生体でのMRI画像より見た※門穴，天柱穴への刺鍼の安全な方向と深度について—

刺鍼の安全性についての局所解剖学的検討 --- (4)—遺体解剖，および生体でのMRI画像より見た※門穴，天柱穴への刺鍼の安全な方向と深度について—


Changes with age in the auto-fluoresence intensity of human dentin, in the buccolingual and longitudinal directions.

頬舌および歯軸方向におけるヒト象牙質の自己蛍光強度の加齢変化


Histological study on endochondral ossification in the osteopetrotic op/op mouse


Distribution of motoneurons supplying dorsal and ventral suboccipital muscles in the feline neck

A combination of retrograde tracers was used to compare the relative distributions of motoneurons supplying the ventral and lateral suboccipital muscles, rectus capitis anterior (RCA), and rectus capitis lateralis (RCL), with those supplying dorsal muscles, including rectus capitis posterior muscles (RCP), complexus (CM), and the medial head of obliquus capitis superior (OCS). Three of the tracers, horseradish peroxidase, fluororuby, and fluorescein-conjugated dextran, were applied to cut nerve ends. Fast blue was applied by intramuscular injection, and fluorogold was delivered both by injection and by cut nerve exposure. Motoneurons supplying RCA and RCL were clustered on the medial wall of the ventral horn in a restricted region defined previously as the commissural nucleus. Labelled cells supplying RCL were confined to the C1 segment, but those supplying RCA were distributed from C1 to rostral C4. Motoneurons supplying RCA tended to lie more dorsomedially than those supplying RCL, but there was substantial overlap between the two populations. Motoneurons supplying dorsal muscles had a separate, more ventral distribution. RCP motoneurons were located primarily in the ventromedial nucleus, but a small proportion of cells was found in the white matter of the ventral funiculus or the gray matter surrounding the central canal. Motoneurons supplying CM and OCS were located dorsomedially to the RCP cell population. These results suggest that neck motoneurons are arranged according to a "musculotopic" pattern in which dorsal muscles have the most ventral locations, and progressively more lateral and then ventral muscles are layered dorsomedially along the medial wall of the ventral horn.


Efficacy of seven retrograde tracers, compared in multiple-labelling studies of feline motoneurones

The labelling efficacies of 7 retrograde tracers were evaluated following cut nerve exposure or intramuscular injection into the serially compartmentalized neck muscle, biventer cervicis. Tested tracers included Fast Blue (FB), Fluorogold (FG), dextran conjugated to fluorescein (FD), dextran conjugated to rhodamine (Fluororuby (FR), 3000 and 10,000 MW), fluorescent latex microspheres, horseradish peroxidase coupled to colloidal gold, and 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl indocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI). In 2 animals, horseradish peroxidase was also employed and spinal cords were processed for peroxidase activity to evaluate its effect on the appearance of cells labelled with fluorescent tracers. Four tracers, FB, FG, FD and FR, could be observed in motoneurones under the conditions of our study. FB and FG labelled comparable numbers of motoneurones following cut nerve exposure, but dissimilar numbers following intramuscular injection. FG diffused extensively following injection and was found in motoneurones not only in the appropriate ipsilateral segment but also adjacent ipsilateral and contralateral segments. Intramuscular injections of FB usually labelled fewer cells than cut nerve exposure, but evidence for spurious labelling following intramuscular injection could also be found. FD or FR labelled motoneurones following cut nerve exposure but not following intramuscular injection. The conjugated dextrans labelled more variable numbers of cells than FB or FG, but the labelled cells had similar patterns of distribution. The remaining tracers were ineffective as retrograde markers in our study, and the possible reasons for these failures are discussed.


刺鍼の安全性についての局所解剖学的検討 --- (2)—遺体解剖および生体でのCT·MRI画像診断より見た左不容穴の解剖学的考察—


刺鍼の安全性についての局所解剖学的検討 --- (3)—遺体解剖および生体でのMRI·X-P画像より見た肩井欠への刺鍼の安全な方向と深度について—


頸部における胸膜頂の体表投影部位に関する解剖学的研究 --- (第二報)—胸鎖乳突筋，鎖骨，頸部諸経穴(気舎，欠盆，水突，天鼎)との関連—


Oral streptococci and systemic diseases-Immunological analysis of cell surface antigens by monoclonal antibodies to oral streptococci and Streptococcus pyogenes-


Nucleus ambiguus of the rabbit : Cytoarchitectural subdivision , and myotopical and neurotopic representations

The cytoarchitectural subdivisions of the nucleus ambiguus of the rabbit and its myotopical and neurotopical representations were investigated with HRP labeling. The nucleus was subdivided into the compact cell group (CoG), the medial and lateral scattered cell groups (SGm and SGl), and the diffuse cell group (DiG). The CoG was formed by esophageal, pharyngeal constrictor, and palatal motoneurons in the rostral half of the nucleus. The SGm and SGl were located medial and lateral to the CoG, respectively, in the rostral one-third of the nucleus. Stylopharyngeal and cricothyroid motoneurons were located in the most rostral one-fifth of the SGm and the remaining four-fifths, respectively, whereas the SGl was not labeled with HRP injections into the palatal, pharyngeal, esophageal, and laryngeal muscles. The DiG was formed by recurrent laryngeal motoneurons in the caudal two-thirds of the nucleus. Neurons of origin for the glossopharyngeal nerve occupied the stylopharyngeal region, with a few of them scattered in the CoG and SGl. Neurons giving rise to axons in the superior laryngeal nerve occupied the cricothyroid region, with a few of them scattered in the pharyngeal constrictor region; whereas the pharyngeal vagal branch originated from the pharyngeal constrictor and palatal regions. Neurons of the DiG, SGl, and esophageal region contributed to the infranodosal vagus nerve; esophageal fibers of the recurrent laryngeal nerve originated from the dorsal esophageal region. Laryngeal fibers of the recurrent laryngeal nerve originated from the DiG, the caudal neurons of which had axons traversing the cranial accessory root.


The Central Projections of the Monkey Tooth Pulp Afferent Neurons

Transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheatgerm agglutinin (HRP:WGA) entrapped in hypoallergenic polyacrylamide gel was used to study the patterns of termination of primary afferents that innervate the upper and lower tooth pulps within the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex (TSNC) of the monkey. HRP:WGA injections were also made into the lower incisors and molars, in order to examine the topographic arrangement of pulpal afferent projections. HRP-labeled pulpal afferents innervating lower and upper teeth projected ipsilaterally to the rostral subnucleus dorsalis (Vpd) and caudal subnucleus ventralis (Vpv) of the nucleus principalis (Vp); the rostrodorsomedial (Vo.r) and dorsomedial (Vo.dm) subdivisions of the nucleus oralis (Vo); the dorsomedial subdivision of the nucleus interpolaris (Vi); and laminae I-II and/or V of the nucleus caudalis (Vc) at its rostralmost level. The HRP-labeled terminals from upper and lower pulpal afferents formed a rostrocaudal column from the midlevel of Vp to the rostral tip of Vc. The label in Vp and Vo was considerably dense, but the column of terminals was interrupted at the Vpd-Vpv transition. The label in Vi and Vc was much less dense compared to that in the rostral nuclei, and the column of terminals was interrupted frequently. The representation of the upper and lower teeth in TSNC was organized in a somatotopic fashion that varied from one subdivision to the next, though their terminal zones overlapped within Vpd. The upper and lower teeth were represented in Vpv, Vo.r, Vo.dm, Vi, and Vc in a ventrodorsal, dorsoventral, lateromedial, lateromedial, and lateromedial sequence, respectively. Topographic arrangement was also noticed for the projections of pulpal afferents from the lower incisors and molars: The representations of the lower incisors and molars in Vpv, Vo.r, Vo.dm, Vi, and Vc were organized in a lateromedial, dorsoventral, ventrodorsal, ventrodorsal, and lateromedial sequence, respectively. The present results indicating sparse projections from pulpal afferents in the monkey's Vc are in good correspondence with a clinical report that trigeminal tractotomy just rostral to the obex has no significant effect on dental pain perception in patients. Furthermore, the present study indicates that projection patterns of pulpal afferents--which include the termination sites, the density of terminations between nuclei, and topographic arrangement--differ among animal species.


An HRP study of the location of the motoneurons supplying the tensor veli palatini muscle of the rabbit

Location of the motoneurons supplying the tensor veli palatini muscle of the rabbit was examined with the retrograde labeling technique following intramuscular injection of HRP. Labeled motoneurons were ipsilaterally located in the ventral or ventromedial portion of the rostral two-thirds of the motor trigeminal nucleus at the level of about 6.0 to 8.5 mm rostral to the obex. The location of the labeled motoneurons was ventromedial to the region supplying the masseter, the temporalis, and the medial pterygoid muscles and ventral to the region supplying the anterior digastric and the mylohyoid muscles, the location which coincided with the lateral pterygoid region. The labeled motoneurons were scattered around or in this region.


Synaptic connection of a low-threshold mechanoreceptive primary neuron within the trigeminal subnucleus oralis

The central axon of a primary afferent neuron that responded to indentation of the glabrous skin of the lower lip in a slowly adapting fashion was intra-axonally injected with horseradish peroxidase. The labeled terminal within the subnucleus oralis was examined electron microscopically. The labeled ending had a pale axoplasm and contained clear spherical synaptic vesicles. The labeled ending formed a synaptic triad with a dendrite and an unlabeled axonal ending with pleomorphic vesicles (a mixture of oval, flattened and dense core vesicles). The labeled primary ending was presynaptic only to the dendrite, while the unlabeled ending was presynaptic to both the dendrite and the labeled primary ending.


Location of the motoneurons supplying the rabbit pharyngeal constrictor Muscles and the peripheral course of their axons : A study using the Retrograde HRP or fluorescent labeling technique

The location of the motoneurons supplying the rabbit pharyngeal constrictor muscles (the superior and the middle constrictors, and the thyropharyngeus and the cricopharyngeus; the last two collectively compose the inferior constrictor) was investigated with intramuscular injection of HRP or the fluorescent tracer nuclear yellow into the individual muscles. Moreover, the peripheral course of their axons was investigated by injection of HRP into all of the pharyngeal constrictors in conjunction with intracranial severing of either the vagus or the glossopharyngeal nerves. The pharyngeal constrictor motoneurons were ipsilaterally located within a subdivision of the nucleus ambiguus which is formed by a compact arrangement of the smallest neurons of the nucleus and situated in the rostral half of the nucleus. We named that subdivision the compact cell group (CoG). Axons of the pharyngeal constrictor motoneurons traversed the vagal rootlets. The rostrocaudal extent of the pharyngeal constrictor motoneurons covered almost the entire length of CoG at a level from about 500 to 2,900 microns rostral to the obex, with their number being most numerous in the middle one-third level of the CoG. Although the motoneurons of the superior constrictor, those of the middle constrictor, and those of the thyropharyngeous and the cricopharyngeus overlapped considerably in location, they tended to be arranged rostrocaudally in that order. At the middle one-third level of the CoG, where the CoG is subdivided into dorsomedial and ventrolateral subgroups of neurons, the superior and the middle constrictor motoneurons were confined to the medial portion of the dorsomedial subgroup, while the inferior constrictor motoneurons were distributed throughout its entirety.


An HRP study of location of the rabbit palatopharyngeal motoneurons and peripheral course of their axons.

The location of the rabbit palatopharyngeal motoneurons and the peripheral course of their axons were investigated with intramuscular injection of HRP either in the normal animal or in conjunction with intracranial severing of the vagal rootlets. Labeled palatopharyngeal motoneurons were ipsilaterally located within a subdivision of the nucleus ambiguus which is formed by a compact arrangement of the smallest neurons of the nucleus and situated in the rostral of the nucleus. We named that subdivision the compact cell group (CoG). The labeled motoneurons occupied the caudal half of the CoG at a level from about 500 to 1,900 microns rostral to the obex. Labeling was completely abolished by severing the vagal rootlets, indicating that the axons of the palatopharyngeal motoneurons traversed the vagal rootlets.


Neurons of origin of the internal ramus of the rabbit accessory nerve : Localization in the dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve and the nucleus retroambigualis

The neurons of origin of the internal ramus of the rabbit accessory nerve were identified in the dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve, using bilateral injections of horseradish peroxidase into the inferior vagal ganglion, soft palate, and pharynx, which were preceded by different combinations of the unilateral intracranial severings of the rootlets of the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves, those of the cranial root of the accessory nerve, and the trunk of its spinal root. The neurons of origin occupied the caudal four-fifths of the dorsal vagal nucleus extending from about 1.0 mm rostral to the obex as far caudally as the second cervical spinal segment, with their number being about half the total number of neurons of the nucleus. Although considerably fewer, they were also located in the nucleus retroambigualis of the caudal half of the first cervical spinal segment and the second segment. Axons of most internal ramus neurons traversed the rootlets of the cranial accessory root. Axons of the few neurons located more caudally than about 1.0 mm caudal to the obex emerged from the upper cervical spinal cord to run along the trunk of the spinal accessory root before finally joining the internal ramus; caudal to the midlevel of the first cervical segment, the dorsal vagal nucleus and the nucleus retroambigualis contained neurons whose axons followed only that course.


中頸神経節並びに椎骨動脈神経節近傍への刺鍼に関する解剖学的検討

中頸神経節並びに椎骨動脈神経節近傍への刺鍼に関する解剖学的検討


後頸部諸経穴への刺鍼に関する解剖学的考察 --- —※門，天柱，風池，完骨，翳風について—


後仙骨孔(八※穴)への刺鍼に関する解剖学的検討

後仙骨孔(八※穴)への刺鍼に関する解剖学的検討


頸部における胸膜頂の体表投影部位に関する解剖学的研究

頸部における胸膜頂の体表投影部位に関する解剖学的研究


陰部神経刺鍼の解剖学的検討

陰部神経刺鍼の解剖学的検討


第1—第2中手骨骨間背面領域(合谷穴周辺)の解剖構造と圧痛との関連

第1—第2中手骨骨間背面領域(合谷穴周辺)の解剖構造と圧痛との関連


An HRP study of the central localization of the rabbit stylopharyngeal motoneurons and the peripheral courses of their axons

The Journal of Osaka University Dental School


Neurons of origin of the internal ramus of the rabbit accessory nerve : Localization in the nucleus ambiguus


Central localization of the cervical esophageal motoneurons in the rabbit


ウサギ副神経内枝起始細胞の疑核および迷走神経背側核内局在

ウサギ副神経内枝起始細胞の疑核および迷走神経背側核内局在


ウサギ頸部食道筋支配運動神経細胞の中枢局在

ウサギ頸部食道筋支配運動神経細胞の中枢局在


上腸間膜動脈より分枝する変異総肝動脈を伴う全内臓逆位の1例

上腸間膜動脈より分枝する変異総肝動脈を伴う全内臓逆位の1例


腹腔動脈の3枝が独立して腹大動脈より生じる1例

腹腔動脈の3枝が独立して腹大動脈より生じる1例


An anatomical observation of the pressure pain zone in the suprascapular region.

肩甲上部圧痛部位の解剖学的所見

A pressure pain, frequently associated by an induration, is usually perceptible in the suprascapular region of the normal subjects. We considered the relation of the pressure pain with the anatomical structures of that region, firstly by investigating the locus of the pressure pain and whether it is associated by an induration or not, using the living subjects and in several cases, followed by a X-ray examination of the final destination of the needle which was inserted in the pressure pain zone; and lastly by dissecting the anatomical structures penetrated by that needle in a woman's cadaver.<br>We obtained the follwing three results from the above investigation and observations. (1) The most conspicuous pressure pain was perceptible in the middle of the upper margin of the suprascapular region, and a long and slender induration extending sagitally was palpable there. (2) The second rib lay in the deepest layer of the pressure pain zone, the layer which were overlain by the serratus posterior superior muscle, the serratus anterior and the omohyoid, many branches of the transversus colli artery and vein and the accessory nerve, and the trapezius muscle with the posterior suprascapular nerves running on its superficial surface, in order of lower to upper layer. (3) The transversus colli vessels, which forms a complex network of branchings crossing sagitally above the second rib, was suggested to have some relationship to the occurence of the pressure pain associated by the induration, because only the formation of such vascular network was peculiar to the pressure pain zone.

正常者の肩甲上部に認められる圧痛・硬結につき解剖構造との関連を検討した．まず, 生体で肩甲上部の圧痛部位と同部位での硬結を調査した．その結果, 肩甲上部上縁のほぼ中央に最も著明な圧痛が認められ, 矢状方向に細長い硬結が触知された．生体でのX線所見, 及び遺体解剖所見より, 圧痛部位には, 第二肋骨を底面とし, 後鎖骨上神経, 僧帽筋, 頸横動静脈の多くの分枝, 副神経, 肩甲舌骨筋, 前鋸筋, 上後鋸筋などが認められた．この中で圧痛部位のみに特有な所見として, 頸横動静脈が叢状分枝をなしつつ第2肋骨上を矢状方向に通過することが挙げられ, これが圧痛・硬結の出現に何らかの関連性のあることが示唆された．

The Journal of The Japan Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society


ウサギ迷走神経背側核における副神経内枝起始細胞の分布

ウサギ迷走神経背側核における副神経内枝起始細胞の分布


星状神経節刺針の解剖学的検討

星状神経節刺針の解剖学的検討

Journal of the Japan Society of Acupuncture


Fibers supplying the laryngeal musculature in the cranial root of the rabbit accessory nerve : nucleus of origin , peripheral course, and innervated muscles

The location of the rabbit laryngeal motoneurons whose axons traverse the cranial root of the accessory nerve was studied with injection of HRP or nuclear yellow into the laryngeal muscles in combination with the intracranial severing of either the rootlets of the vagus nerve or those of the cranial root. The motoneurons were located in the diffuse cell group that forms a subnucleus occupying the caudal two-thirds of the nucleus ambiguus and sending fibers to the inferior laryngeal nerve. The caudal one-third of the diffuse cell group supplying the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, was occupied only by these motoneurons, whereas in its rostral two-thirds, they were intermingled with motoneurons having axons that traversed the vagal rootlets. The thyroarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid motoneurons are present in the rostral two-thirds of the diffuse cell group; axons of the former traversed the rootlets of the cranial root, and of the latter traversed the vagal rootlets. On the other hand, the medial scattered cell group, located in the rostral one-third of the nucleus ambiguus and sending fibers to the cricothyroid muscle via the superior laryngeal nerve, contained only motoneurons with axons traversing the vagal rootlets. The above findings clarified that fibers of the cranial root enter the inferior laryngeal nerve after joining the vagus, and then reach the adductor muscles for the vocal fold, with their neurons of origin in a caudal portion of the nucleus ambiguus. The vagal rootlet fibers, with their neurons of origin situated more rostrally in the nucleus, innervate the tensor and abductor muscles via the superior and inferior laryngeal nerve, respectively.


Rare case of the inferior mesenteric artery arising from the superior mesenteric artery

The authors observed a variation of the inferior mesenteric artery, which arose from the superior mesenteric artery, in a 69-year-old Japanese male cadaver during dissection in 1984. In this case, no rudiment of the ordinary inferior mesenteric artery could be found on the abdominal aorta. There are few reports of this variation, and an extensive search of the available literature revealed only four cases, including two in Japan. Such a variation had been somewhat inadequately described as an "absence of the inferior mesenteric artery" in the previous reports, but we avoided this terminology, because all of the cases possessed an artery, which, though arising from the superior mesenteric artery instead of the abdominal aorta, had the same branches as a normal inferior mesenteric artery. Consistent with findings observed in the previous cases, the unusual inferior mesenteric artery arose as the first branch of the superior mesenteric artery, with the common trunk of both mesenteric arteries originating from the abdominal aorta at a level at which an ordinary superior mesenteric artery would arise. It is for this reason that we did not adopt another acceptable name, that is, "the common mesenteric artery," for this variation. The variation can be explained as the result of an unusual development of the embryonic artery system, which comprises a number of ventral splanchnic arteries interconnected by longitudinal anastomotic channels to supply the primitive digestive tube.


Localization of rabbit laryngeal motoneurons in the nucleus ambiguus


ラット頸神経叢皮枝(頸横，小後頭，大耳介神経)の中枢内投射—TransganglionicなHRP標識法による研究—


気舎穴と欠盆穴への刺針に関する解剖学的考察—特に肺尖との位置的関係について—

気舎穴と欠盆穴への刺針に関する解剖学的考察—特に肺尖との位置的関係について—


人迎穴の解剖学的部位について --- (Ⅱ)—洞刺と内外頸動脈分岐部の位置—

人迎穴の解剖学的部位について --- (Ⅱ)—洞刺と内外頸動脈分岐部の位置—


Location of the rabbit spinal accessory nucleus : a study by means of the HRP method


An HRP study of the motoneurons supplying the rat hypobranchial muscles : Central localization, Peripheral axon course and Soma size

The locations of motoneurons (MNs) supplying the rat hypobranchial muscles (lingual, geniohyoid, and infrahyoid) and the peripheral courses of axons of these MNs were investigated by using a method of HRP injection into the hypoglossal nerve or these muscles in combination with severing of the hypoglossal and/or cervical components of the plexus hypoglossocervicalis. Moreover, some sizes of the MNs were investigated in both transverse and horizontal sections. The hypobranchial MNs formed a sequence of cell columns extending caudally from the hypoglossal nucleus, via the supraspinal nucleus, to the medial and then the ventrolateral subnuclei of the ventral horn of C1 to C3. The lingual and geniohyoid MNs were located in the hypoglossal nucleus. The majority of their axons passed solely through the hypoglossal nerve, whereas a small number of axons, whose somata lay in the caudal hypoglossal nucleus, passed through the first cervical nerve and then through the ansa cervicalis to reach the hypoglossal nerve. The infrahyoid MNs were located in the supraspinal nucleus and the ventral horn, and their axons passed through the first to third cervical nerves. The hypobranchial MNs were divided into three groups according to their size: the lingual, the geniohyoid and thyrohyoid, and lastly the other infrahyoid MNs, in order of smaller to larger size. The sizes of lingual, geniohyoid, and thyrohyoid MNs displayed a unimodal distribution both in transverse and horizontal sections, whereas the other infrahyoid MNs showed a bimodal distribution.


人迎穴の解剖学的部位について --- (1)—人迎穴と内·外頸動脈分岐部の位置的関係—


正常大動脈弓の鏡像を呈する右大動脈弓の1例

正常大動脈弓の鏡像を呈する右大動脈弓の1例


The origin of the nucleus of the rabbit bulbar accessory nerve: A study using the retrograde cell-labelling technique.

ウサギ副神経延髄根の起始核—逆行性細胞標識法による研究

The location of the origin of motoneurons of the rabbit bulbar accessory nerve was studied by injection of HRP and nuclear yellow into the inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN) or the laryngeal muscles, in combination with the intracranial severing of either the rootl ets of the vagal nerve (Xr) or those of the bulbar accessory nerve (XIr). The motoneurons of XIr-fibers were located in the caudal three-fourths of the nucleus ambiguus corresponding to the ILN region. They occupied its major portion in the caudal fourth of the nucleus supplying the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, whereas, in th e middle two-fourths, they are intermingled with the motoneurons of Xr-fibers. The rostral fourth of the nucleus, the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) region, was occupied by the Xr-motoneurons supplying the cricothyroid muscle. The thyroarytenoid motoneurons and those of the posterior cricoary-tenoid muscle were situated in the middle two-fourths of the nucleus ambiguus, the former of which have axons passing through XIr and the latter have axons those passing through Xr. From the above results it is clear that the XIr-fibers innervate the adductor muscle for the vocal cord by way of ILN, their nucleus of origin being located in the caudal portion of the nucleus ambiguus and partially overlaps th e zone of Xr-motoneurons. The origin of the neurons of the Xr-fibers are located in a more rostral portion, and they innervate the tensor and abductor muscles by way of SLN and ILN, respectively.

迷走神経根 (Xr) と副神経延髄根 (XIr) をそれぞれ頭蓋腔内で切断の後, 下喉頭神経または喉頭筋に逆行性細胞標識物質を注入して, 神経根切断による標識運動神経細胞分布域の変動を検索し, XIr起始核の同定を行った．XIr起始細胞は, 下喉頭神経領域の疑核尾側3/4に存在する．すなわち, 外側輪状披裂筋を支配する疑核最尾側1/4ではその全域を占め, 中央り2ではXr起始細胞と混在する．また, 上喉頭神経領域の疑核最吻側1/4には輪状甲状筋支配のXr起始細胞が存在する．疑核中央1/2には甲状披裂筋と後輪状披裂筋の両運動神経細胞が存在するが, 軸索は, 前者ではXIr, 後者ではXrを経由する．すなわち, XIrは下喉頭神経を経て声門閉鎖筋を支配し, 起始核は鰍の尾側よりにみとめられる．一方, 吻側よりに起始核を有するXrは, 各々上, 下喉頭神経を介して, 声帯緊張筋と声門開大筋を支配する．なお, XIr起始核と副神経脊髄核間に連続性はみとめられない．


ビデオ入力画像における細胞径測定プログラム

ビデオ入力画像における細胞径測定プログラム


神経分布からみた腰殿部圧痛部位の局所解剖学的考察

神経分布からみた腰殿部圧痛部位の局所解剖学的考察


Localization of origin cells of the superior and inferior laryngeal nerves in the nucleus ambiguus : an HRP study in the rabbit


A horseradish peroxidase study of rat lingual motoneurons with axons passing through the cervical nerve


胸大胸骨筋を伴う大胸筋部分欠損の1例

胸大胸骨筋を伴う大胸筋部分欠損の1例


The Postnatal development of the rat inferior alveolar nerve

The Journal of Osaka University Dental School


Location of Cell Somata and the Peripheral Course of Axons of the geniohyoid and Thyrohyoid Motoneurons : A Horseradish Peroxidase Study in the Rat


頸神経ワナ経由軸索を有するラット舌筋支配運動神経細胞について

頸神経ワナ経由軸索を有するラット舌筋支配運動神経細胞について


Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) 法によるラット三角筋支配運動神経細胞の局在に関する研究

The Journal of Osaka University Dental Society


A Study on the Localization of the Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius Motoneurons in the Rat by Means of the HRP Method

The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles of the rat, which are innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) and cervical spinal nerve (CSN), consist of five smaller muscles: the sternomastoid, cleidomastoid, clavotrapezius, acromiotrapezius, and spinotrapezius. In this study, the location of cell somata of the motoneurons supplying each of these smaller muscles and the peripheral course of their axons have been studied by means of the horseradish peroxidase retrograde axonal transport technique (the HRP method) in combination with cutting of the SAN. The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius motoneurons formed three cell columns, column-M, -L, and -5, in the ipsilateral ventral horn of the cervical spinal cord. Column-M and -L extend longitudinally in the medial nucleus of C1 and C2 and in the ventrolateral nucleus from the middle of C2 to the middle of C6, respectively. These columns consist of the motoneurons whose axons pass through the SAN and they merge in the caudal C2 to constitute the spinal accessory nucleus. Column-5, which consists of the motoneurons passing through the CSN, extends longitudinally from C3 to C5 close to column-L in the ventrolateral nucleus. Motoneurons supplying the sternomastoid, cleidomastoid, clavotrapezius, acromiotrapezius, and spinotrapezius muscles showed a rostrocaudal somatotopic distribution in the spinal accessory nucleus and in column-5 in this order, though the sternomastoid motoneurons were not found in column-5.


A Study on the Location of the Rat Phrenic Nucleus by Means of the Horseradish Peroxidase Method


The Postnatal Development of the Rat Spinal Trigeminal Tract


上行大動脈の背側を通る左腕頭静脈の1例について

上行大動脈の背側を通る左腕頭静脈の1例について


Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) 法によるラット胸鎖乳突筋ならびに僧帽筋支配運動神経細胞の局在に関する研究


A Case of the Left Innominate Vein Passing Behind the Ascending Aorta


A Study on the Localization of the Rat by Means of the HRP Method --- I. Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus and Teres Major Muscles


Fine Structure of Pulpal Nerve Fibers of the Rat Mandibular Incisor


A study on the localization of the rhomboideus motoneurons in the rat by HRP method


ラット頸髄前角細胞群の分類に関する細胞構築学的研究

ラット頸髄前角細胞群の分類に関する細胞構築学的研究


左下大静脈の1例について

左下大静脈の1例について


総肝動脈を欠如し副肝動脈がこれを代償する3例について

総肝動脈を欠如し副肝動脈がこれを代償する3例について


大動脈後性左腎静脈の1例について

大動脈後性左腎静脈の1例について


顎二腹筋後腹と茎突舌骨筋の運動神経細胞の局在について

顎二腹筋後腹と茎突舌骨筋の運動神経細胞の局在について


副肝動脈を中心とした腹腔動脈の破格5例

副肝動脈を中心とした腹腔動脈の破格5例


重複下大静脈の1例について

重複下大静脈の1例について


カラーアトラス:皮膚・粘膜の下，透けて見えますか --- 歯科医師・口腔外科医に必要な解剖学の知識


歯科局所麻酔時に必要な解剖学の知識 --- より効果的な麻酔を目指して

歯科局所麻酔時に必要な解剖学の知識 --- より効果的な麻酔を目指して

「見える! わかる! 臨床に役立つ解剖写真集 5」，歯界展望

「見える! わかる! 臨床に役立つ解剖写真集 5」，歯界展望