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en: 日本障害者歯科学会学術用語解説集(3)

ja: 日本障害者歯科学会学術用語解説集(3)

en: Journal of the Japanese Society for Disability and Oral Health

ja: 障害者歯科


en: 日本障害者歯科学会学術用語解説集(2)

ja: 日本障害者歯科学会学術用語解説集(2)


en: 日本障害者歯科学会学術用語解説集(1)

ja: 日本障害者歯科学会学術用語解説集(1)


en: Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia in Tokushima University Hospital - Safety Management of Disabled Patients with Special Needs during Dental Treatment-

ja: 当院における全身麻酔下歯科治療について -障害をもつ方へ安全な歯科治療の提供-

en: We report about general anesthesia for disabled patients with special needs or young children during dental treatment in Tokushima University Hospital. We have administered ambulatory anesthesia or general anesthesia with short-term hospitalization for the patients. In this report, we showed anesthesia as a behavior management technique and the system for the patients who schedule ambulatory anesthesia in our hospital. We indicated the present situation of dental treatment under general anesthesia and supposed the prospects of dental care for the patients with special needs.

en: Journal of Oral Health and Biosciences

ja: Journal of Oral Health and Biosciences


en: Corneal nerve fiber structure, its role in corneal function, and its changes in corneal diseases

en: Recently, in vivo confocal microscopy is used to examine the human corneal nerve fibers morphology. Corneal nerve fiber architecture and its role are studied in healthy and pathological conditions. Corneal nerves of rats were studied by nonspecific acetylcholinesterase (NsAchE) staining. NsAchE-positive subepithelial (stromal) nerve fiber has been found to be insensitive to capsaicin. Besides, NsAchE-negative but capsaicin-sensitive subbasal nerve (leash) fibers formed thick mesh-like structure showing close interconnections and exhibit both isolectin B4- and transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1- (TRPV1-) positive. TRPV1, TRPV3, TRPA (ankyrin) 1, and TRPM (melastatin) 8 are expressed in corneal nerve fibers. Besides the corneal nerve fibers, the expressions of TRPV (1, 3, and 4), TRPC (canonical) 4, and TRPM8 are demonstrated in the corneal epithelial cell membrane. The realization of the importance of TRP channels acting as polymodal sensors of environmental stresses has identified potential drug targets for corneal disease. The pathophysiological conditions of corneal diseases are associated with disruption of normal tissue innervation, especially capsaicin-sensitive small sensory nerve fibers. The relationships between subbasal corneal nerve fiber morphology and neurotrophic keratopathy in corneal diseases are well studied. The recommended treatment for neurotrophic keratopathy is administration of preservative free eye drops.

en: BioMed Research International

ja: BioMed Research International


en: Current Status of Care for Patients with Disabilities in Tokushima Prefecture and Future Perspectives


en: Four Possible Itching Pathways Related to the TRPV1 Channel, Histamine, PAR-2 and Serotonin (Cited in "Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology, 02/2015")

en: The following four possible pathways for itching sensation have been suggested by recent reports. 1) Histaminergic TRPV1-positive pathway: Although histamine-positive nerve fibers cannot strictly be classified as "itch specific" due to their excitation also by pure algogens (making them itch-selective), the existence of a subpopulation of nociceptors responsible for itching is strongly suggested. Moreover, the TRPV1-expressing neurons have been suggested to be the main sensors and mediators of itching. 2) Histaminergic TRPV1-negative pathway: The scratching behavior caused by itching was not different between capsaicin-pre-treated and vehicle-treated (control) mast cell-rich NC mice. This result suggests the existence of a capsaicin-insensitive (TRPV1-negative) histaminergic pathway. 3) Non-histaminergic PAR-2 pathway: Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) has been shown to play a role in the itching of atopic dermatitis (AD). The itch evoked by cowhage (a non-histaminergic pruritogen that activates PAR-2) is very similar in characteristics to the itch evoked by conditions such as AD. 4) Non-histaminergic serotonin (5-HT) pathway: 5-HT alone applied to the human skin evokes an itching sensation and has been suggested to be involved in the itching associated with pruritic diseases, such as polycythemia vera and cholestasis.

en: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences : MJMS


en: Participation of Glias and Immune Cells in Neuropathic Pain

en: WebmedCentral

ja: WebmedCentral


en: An Overview of the Actions of Capsaicin and Its Receptor, TRPV1, and Their Relations to Small Primary Sensory Neurons

ja: カプサイシンの作用とそのレセプター，TRPV1, 及びそれらと関連する小型一次知覚ニューロンの概観

en: The specific actions of capsaicin on the small primary afferent neurons with regard to neuogenic inflammation and plasma extravasation are examined in this review. First, a short history of the study of capsaicin is introduced from the viewpoint of the efferent function of capsaicin-sensitive nerve fibers. Agonist (resiniferatoxin) and antagonists (capsazepine and ruthenium red) of capsaicin are refened, to better understand the action of the drug. The significance of the discovery of capsaicin receptor, TRPV1, and its characteristic features (polymodal receptor) are discussed based on recent reports, although the sensitization or desensitization mechanisms are not yet resolved. This review also briefly deals with the therapeutic use of capsaicin and its agonist and antagonist for relief pain. Whether or not capsaicin-sensitive nerve fibers are involved in itching is examined by recent literature survey. TRPV1-expressing nerve fibers were recently reported to be responsible for the itching sensation. Then, we proposed putative three possible itching pathways. The participation of pure sensoty nervefibers which exclusively transmit itchiness has not been found, as yet.

en: Shikoku Dental Research

ja: 四国歯学会雑誌


en: Roles of Glia, Immune Cells and the Thermo-TRP Channels, TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPM8, in Pathological Pain

en: Studies into the interactions between glia/immune cells and neurons have focused on the induction of patho-logical (neuropathic or inflammatory) pain. Growing evidence of close relationships between peripheral and central glia and pathological pain has emerged during the last 2 decades. Numerous experimental studies have showed the release of cytokines and inflammatory neuropeptides from peripheral and central terminals of primary sensory neurons and from ac-tivated peripheral and central glia after nerve injury (crush, ligation or transection), which in turn act in a paracrine or autocrine manner. Cytokines induce the synthesis of algogens (pain-inducing substances such as prostaglandin) which leads to the primary (peripheral) or secondary (central) sensitization responsible for hyperalgesia or allodynia under in-flammatory conditions. The review has also highlighted the role of thermo transient receptor potential (TRP) channels TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPM8 in the induction of pathological pain. The noxious heat sensor TRPV1 has an overt role in noxious heat hyperalgesia or allodynia, whereas TRPA1 and TRPM8 seem to have roles in noxious cold or mechanical al-lodynia, although results are inconsistent. Close mutual interrelationships between immune and glial cells and thermoTRP channels via cytokines or pro-inflammatory neuropeptides cannot be ignored when attempting to explain the induction and continuation of pathological pain. Investigations on the initial signals sent to the central area (superficial dorsal horn) remote from injured (or infectious) sites are a key point to clarify the mechanisms of pathological pain.

en: The Open Neuroscience Journal

ja: The Open Neuroscience Journal


en: An overview of the action of capsaicin and its receptor , TRPV1, and their relations to small primary sensory neurons (In the Hot-Topic of "Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy functions of capsaicin in association with its actions on primary sensory neurons" eds. by A. Hiura & G. Jancso)

en: Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry


en: カプサイシンとTRP チャネル・サブファミリーおよびカプサイシン受容体 (TRPV1) と小型一次知覚ニューロンの特性とその相関関係


en: Capsaicin, transient receptor potential (TRP) protein subfamilies and the particular relationship between capsaicin receptors and small primary sensory neurons (Cited in " Physiology & Behavior, 90(5), 2007; American Journal of Physiology, 295(5), 2008; Journal of Neurochemistry, 112(2), 2009; Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 112(2), 2010; Acta Physiologica (Oxford), 2011; Human Physiology, 2012; FEBS Letter, 586(8), 2012; PLoS ONE, 8 (3), 2013; Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 04/2014; Molecular Pain, 10(1), 2014")

en: A number of subfamilies of the capsaicin receptor, collectively called TRP, have been reported since the discovery of vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1). The term 'TRP' is derived from 'transient receptor potential', which means the transient and rapid defect of reaction following long stimulation with light in the photoreceptor cells of mutant Drosophila. The common features of TRP family members are the centrally situated six transmembrane domain, in which an ion channel is located, three to four ankirin repeats at the N-terminus and a TRP domain comprising 25 amino acids at the C-terminus. The TRP family members are present in animals, including invertebrates and vertebrates, and in the cells in various tissues in individual animals. During evolution, the original TRP seems to have acquired a wide variety of functions related to sensing the inner or outer environment (e.g. to sensing light (Drosophila), osmolarity, protons, temperature, ligands and mechanical force). In mammals, the TRPV subfamily is exclusively expressed in small- to medium-sized primary sensory neurons that also co-express some chemical markers (i.e. isolectin B4 (IB4), fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP), the P2X3 purinoceptor (a receptor provoked by ATP-induced nociception) and Ret, a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor). There is a paradox in that regardless of the marked or complete loss of noxious, small sensory neurons (polymodal nociceptors) in mice treated with capsaicin during the neonatal period, as well as in VR1 (TRPV1)-deficient knock-out mice, the responses to noxious heat are normal. Regarding the paradox in mice treated with capsaicin as neonates, our explanation is that although capsaicin probably reduces the number of a subgroup of small neurons (IB4-, VR1+), the remaining IB4+ (VR1-) neurons can sense noxious heat normally. One working hypothesis is that mice lacking TRPV1/2 can sense noxious heat under normal conditions, presumably via another still unknown pathway, and TRPV1 has been suggested to be involved in noxious heat transduction under pathological conditions, such as inflammation and tissue injury. Further studies will be required to clarify these complexities. Mice treated with capsaicin as neonates would provide a model to investigate the above paradoxes, as would TRPV1-knock-out mice, although different mechanisms may be operating in the two models.

en: Anatomical Science International

ja: Anatomical Science International