Iroquois homeobox 3 regulates odontoblast proliferation and differentiation mediated by Wnt5a expression.

Iroquois homeobox (Irx) genes are TALE-class homeobox genes that are evolutionarily conserved across species and have multiple critical cellular functions in fundamental tissue development processes. Previous studies have shown that Irxs genes are expressed during tooth development. However, the precise roles of genes in teeth remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that Irx3 is an essential molecule for the proliferation and differentiation of odontoblasts. Using cDNA synthesized from postnatal day 1 (P1) tooth germs, we examined the expression of all Irx genes (Irx1-Irx6) by RT-PCR and found that all genes except Irx4 were expressed in the tooth tissue. Irx1-Irx3 a were expressed in the dental epithelial cell line M3H1 cells, while Irx3 and Irx5 were expressed in the dental mesenchymal cell line mDP cells. Only Irx3 was expressed in both undifferentiated cell lines. Immunostaining also revealed the presence of IRX3 in the dental epithelial cells and mesenchymal condensation. Inhibition of endogenous Irx3 by siRNA blocks the proliferation and differentiation of mDP cells. Wnt3a, Wnt5a, and Bmp4 are factors involved in odontoblast differentiation and were highly expressed in mDP cells by quantitative PCR analysis. Interestingly, the expression of Wnt5a (but not Wnt3a or Bmp4) was suppressed by Irx3 siRNA. These results suggest that Irx3 plays an essential role in part through the regulation of Wnt5a expression during odontoblast proliferation and differentiation.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications


当科における5年間の障害児・有病児の初診時実態調査

当科における5年間の障害児・有病児の初診時実態調査

障害児や有病児への理解の深まりから社会環境や福祉制度の整備が進みつつあるが，障害や全身疾患をもつ児が地域において疾病予防も含めた歯科医療を受けられる環境がいまだ十分にあるとは言えず，実情に応じた環境整備が求められる．そこで，今回，平成25年度から平成29年度に当科を受診した児のうち障害児・有病児の5年間の初診時実態調査を行い，過去に当科で行った調査と比較し，近年の変化を検討した．初診患者1,301名のうち，障害児・有病児の割合は49

The Japanese Journal of Pediatric Dentistry


Fibroblast growth factor 2 suppresses the expression of C-C motif chemokine 11 through the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway in human dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells

The regulation of the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) programming mechanism promises great success in regenerative medicine. Tissue regeneration has been associated not only with the differentiation of MSCs, but also with the microenvironment of the stem cell niche that involves various cytokines and immune cells in the tissue regeneration site. In the present study, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), the principal growth factor for tooth development, dental pulp homeostasis and dentin repair, was reported to affect the expression of cytokines in human dental pulp-derived MSCs. FGF2 significantly inhibited the expression of chemokine C-C motif ligand 11 (CCL11) in a time- and dose-dependent manner in the SDP11 human dental pulp-derived MSC line. This inhibition was diminished following treatment with the AZD4547 FGF receptor (FGFR) inhibitor, indicating that FGF2 negatively regulated the expression of CCL11 in SDP11 cells. Furthermore, FGF2 activated the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) in SDP11 cells. The mechanism of the FGFR-downstream signaling pathway was then studied using the SB203580, U0126 and SP600125 inhibitors for p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK, respectively. Interestingly, only treatment with SP600125 blocked the FGF2-mediated suppression of CCL11. The present results suggested that FGF2 regulated the expression of cytokines and suppressed the expression of CCL11 via the JNK signaling pathway in human dental pulp-derived MSCs. The present findings could provide important insights into the association of FGF2 and CCL11 in dental tissue regeneration therapy.


Survey of the Actual State of New Patients at the Pediatric Dentistry Department of Tokushima University Hospital between 1989 and 2018

当科における初診患者の実態調査∼平成における30年間の変遷∼

The Heisei Era ended at the end of April 2019 and the Reiwa Era began.

For about 30 years in the Heisei era after the Showa era, the environment surrounding children changed rapidly, including the economic downturn, the acceleration of late marriage and declining birthrate, and progress in information and communication technology. As a result, individual households have diversified and a large polarization has become apparent. As pediatric dentists, we need to deal with and support children with all kinds of problems. Therefore, to clarify the transition of the first-visit patients in our clinic, we categorized the 30 years from 1989 to 2018 by five-year groups: early (1989-1993), middle (1997-2001) and late (2013-2018) stages, with a total of 5,892 patients, and then investigated and analyzed their properties. As a result, the number of new patients decreased from 2,477 in the early stage to 1,301 in the late stage. The male-female ratio was approximately 1:1 in each period. As for age, school age was the highest at about 40%, and there was no significant change in the age composition in each period. The most common chief complaint during each period was tooth decay, but it decreased from 44% in the early stage to 27% in the late stage. The proportion of children who brought a letter of referral increased from 23% in the early stage to 83% in the late stage, and the proportion of children with disabilities and illness increased from 13.8% in the early stage to 33% in the late stage. Compared to the early days, the chief complaints have diversified, and it has become clear that the functional differentiation of general dental clinics and university hospitals is progressing. Furthermore, it was suggested that the importance of medical and dental cooperation will increase in the future.

2019年4月末日をもって平成時代が終わり，令和時代が幕を開けた．平成の約30年間は経済成長の低迷，晩婚化・少子化の加速，一方で高度化する情報通信技術等，小児を取り巻く環境は，昭和時代から急速に変化しさまざまな領域で二極化が顕在化してきた側面もある．われわれ小児歯科医は，社会環境・家庭環境などの変化が子供の発育に及ぼす影響や問題を的確に読み取り，対応と支援を考えなければならない．そこで，平成元年から平成30年を初期(平成元年度∼5年度)，中期(平成9年度∼13年度)，後期(平成25年度∼29年度)の各5年間で区切り，15年間の計5,982人を対象に当科に来院した初診患者の調査・分析を行った．

その結果，初診患者数は，年少人口の減少に伴い初期2,477人から後期1,301人と減少した．男女比は，各時期ともに概ね1:1であった．年齢は，いずれも学童期が約40%と最も多く，年齢構成に大きな変化はみられなかった．主訴は，各時期ともに齲蝕が最も多いが，初期の44%から後期には27%と減少した．紹介状を持参した児の割合は，初期の23%から後期は83.3%に増加し，障害児・有病児の割合が初期13.8%から後期33%に増加した．初期に比べ，主訴は多様化し，かかりつけ歯科医院と大学病院の機能分化が進んでいることが明らかとなった．今後は，さらに医科歯科連携の重要性が高まることが示唆された．


Combination of ions promotes cell migration via extracellular signalregulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway in human gingival fibroblasts.

Wound healing is a dynamic process that involves highly coordinated cellular events, including proliferation and migration. Oral gingival fibroblasts serve a central role in maintaining oral mucosa homeostasis, and their functions include the coordination of physiological tissue repair. Recently, surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) fillers have been widely applied in the field of dental materials for the prevention of dental caries, due to an excellent ability to release fluoride (F). In addition to F, S-PRG fillers are known to release several types of ions, including aluminum (Al), boron (B), sodium (Na), silicon (Si) and strontium (Sr). However, the influence of these ions on gingival fibroblasts remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of various concentrations of an S-PRG filler eluate on the growth and migration of gingival fibroblasts. The human gingival fibroblast cell line HGF-1 was treated with various dilutions of an eluent solution of S-PRG, which contained 32.0 ppm Al, 1,488.6 ppm B, 505.0 ppm Na, 12.9 ppm Si, 156.5 ppm Sr and 136.5 ppm F. Treatment with eluate at a dilution of 1:10,000 was observed to significantly promote the migration of HGF-1 cells. In addition, the current study evaluated the mechanism underlying the mediated cell migration by the S-PRG solution and revealed that it activated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), but not of p38. Furthermore, treatment with a MEK inhibitor blocked the cell migration induced by the solution. Taken together, these results suggest that S-PRG fillers can stimulate HGF-1 cell migration via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, indicating that a dental material containing this type of filler is useful for oral mucosa homeostasis and wound healing.


自閉スペクトラム症児者の特性と歯科受診時の適応状態および唾液α-アミラーゼ活性値との関連について

Journal of the Japanese Society for Disability and Oral Health


広汎性発達障害児者の歯科受診適応性評価の試み

広汎性発達障害児者の歯科受診適応性評価の試み


Disaster Prevention for Children and Adults with Disabilities

災害時要援護者である小児および障碍児・者を持つ保護者の防災意識に関する調査


Recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells by stromal cell-derived factor 1 in pulp cells from deciduous teeth

Dental pulp cells (DPCs), including dental pulp (DP) stem cells, play a role in dentine repair under certain conditions caused by bacterial infections associated with caries, tooth fracture and injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have also been shown to be involved in this process of repair. However, the mechanisms through which MSCs are recruited to the DP have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, the aim of the present in vitro study was to investigate whether stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1)-C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) signaling is involved in tissue repair in the DP of deciduous teeth. A single-cell clone from DPCs (SDP11) and UE7T-13 cells were used as pulp cells and MSCs, respectively. The MG-63 and HuO9 cells, two osteosarcoma cell lines, were used as positive control cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that all cell lines (SDP11, UE7T-13 MG-63 and HuO9) were positive for both SDF1 and CXCR4 mRNA expression. Moreover, immunocytochemical analysis indicated that SDF1 and CXCR4 proteins were expressed in the SDP11 and UE7T-13 cells. SDF1 was also detected in the cell lysates (CLs) and conditioned medium (CM) collected from the SDP11 and UE7T-13 cells, and AMD3100, a specific antagonist of CXCR4, inhibited the migration of the UE7T-13 cells; this migration was induced by treatment with CM, which was collected from the SDP11 cells. In addition, real-time PCR showed that the expression of SDF1 in the SDP11 cells was inhibited by treatment with 20 ng/ml fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, and exposure to AZD4547, an inhibitor of the FGF receptor, blocked this inhibition. Collectively, these data suggest that SDF1 produced by DP plays an important role in homeostasis, repair and regeneration via the recruitment of MSCs.

International Journal of Molecular Medicine


QX-314 Induces Analgesia to Nociceptive Thermal Stimulus by Co-Application with Capsiate or Anandamide


いわゆる病病連携による障害者歯科医療連携が奏功した集学的歯科治療について

いわゆる病病連携による障害者歯科医療連携が奏功した集学的歯科治療について


Evaluation of dental treatment adaptability for patient with pervasive developmental disorder(PDD)


Capillary Hemangioma on Palate of Infant:Case Report

幼児期の小児の口蓋に発生した血管腫の1例

A hemangioma frequently occurs on the tongue, lip, buccal mucosa, and gingiva in the oral region,though it relatively rarely seen on the palate. We report a case of capillary hemangioma found on the palate of a 2-year-10-month-old boy. He was referred to our department with the chief complaint of a tumor on the palate and a hemangioma was noted on the palatal side of the upper deciduous incisors.We performed surgical resection and the mass was extirpated. The postoperative course was uneventful. Although there was no evidence of recurrence at 6 months after surgery, careful follow-up examinations will be necessary until the upper permanent incisors erupt.

血管腫は血管の増殖を特徴とする良性腫瘍であり，小児の顎口腔領域における良性腫瘍のなかでは比較的多く，軟組織腫瘍の中で最も多い．顎口腔領域に発生する本腫瘍は舌，口唇，歯肉，頬粘膜に好発し，口蓋に発生することは稀である．今回，われわれは，2 歳10 か月男児の口蓋に発生した血管腫を経験したので，その概要を報告する．患児は初診の約4 か月前に下顎部を打撲したため近医歯科を受診した．その際，上顎両側乳中切歯口蓋側歯肉の腫瘤を指摘され，単純性歯肉炎の診断下にプラークコントロールを受けていたが改善しないため当科を紹介された．初診時，切歯乳頭から上顎両側乳中切歯口蓋側歯肉にかけて大きさ10×8×5mm類円形で境界明瞭，暗赤色，表面不整，弾性軟の腫瘤を認め，上顎腫瘍と診断した．局所麻酔下に腫瘍切除術を施行した．病理組織学的診断は毛細血管腫であった．今後，再発に注意しながら，少なくとも永久歯交換まで厳重な経過観察が必要と考えられた．

The Japanese Journal of Pediatric Dentistry


Comparison of the transport of QX-314 through TRPA1, TRPM8 and TRPV1 channels (Cited in "Current Neuropharmacology, 12/2013 11(6); Pharmacological Review, 2014 66(3)")

It has been demonstrated that N-ethyl-lidocaine (QX-314) can target the transient receptor protein vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) nociceptors when coadministered with capsaicin, resulting in a selective block of the nociceptors. Capsaicin is problematic in therapeutic use because it induces firing of nociceptors. The present study aimed to search for substitutes for capsaicin. We also examined the transportability of QX-314 into nociceptive neurons, through the pores of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), transient receptor potential melastatin-8 (TRPM8), and TRPV1. To investigate the effect on TRPA1, injections of a vehicle, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), QX-314, or AITC/QX-314 were made into the hind paws of rats. The effects of menthol and capsaicin on the opening of TRPM8 and TRPV1 were also examined and compared with the potency of QX-314. To examine inhibition of the antinociceptive effect by capsaicin/ QX-314, capsazepine (50 g/mL; 10 L) was injected 30 minutes prior to capsaicin/QX-314 (10 L) injection. Thermal sensitivity was investigated by the Hargreaves method. 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (FAM)-conjugated QX-314 was used as a tracer to examine how many and which kind of dorsal root ganglia accumulate this molecule. QX-314-FAM, capsaicin/QX-314-FAM, AITC/QX-314-FAM, and menthol/QX-314-FAM were injected into the paw. Two weeks after injections, dorsal root ganglia were removed and sectioned with a cryostat. The capsaicin/QX-314 group induced longer withdrawal-response latency at 60 to 300 minutes after injection than the control. Both menthol only and menthol/QX-314 injections showed analgesia 10 to 60 minutes after injection. No significant difference was seen between the capsazepine/capsaicin/QX-314 group and the vehicle group. The fluorescence in small- and medium-sized neurons was conspicuous in only the dorsal root ganglia injected with capsaicin/ QX-314-FAM. These results indicate that TRPA1 and TRPM8 are ineffective in the transport of QX-314 compared with TRPV1.


Effect of Visual Support in Tooth-brushing Instruction to Autistic Patient and Learning Effect by Continuous Support

自閉症患者へのブラッシング指導における視覚支援の効果と継続的支援による学習効果


Changes in response behaviors to noxious heat and mechanical stimuli after carrageenan-induced inflammation in mice treated with capsaicin 2 or 15 days after birth

The aim of the present study was to investigate thecause of normal response behaviors to noxious heatdespite the marked loss of small neurons in the dorsalroot ganglion (DRG) as a result of neonatal capsaicintreatment. Capsaicin (50 mg/kg) was injectedsubcutaneously (s.c.) into mice on either day P2 orP15; control mice received a vehicle injection. Twentydays after the capsaicin injection, 2% carrageenan (20μL) was injected into the right hind paw of each animal.Twenty-four hours after the carrageenan injection,behavioral tests using noxious heat stimuli (NHS;Hargreaves method) and noxious mechanical stimuli(NMS; von Frey method) were performed using thecontrol and capsaicin-treated mice. Pre-carrageenanmeasurements were used as the baseline values foreach group. After the experiments, the mice wereperfused with a mixture of 4% paraformaldehyde and0.2% picric acid in a 0.1-M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4).The L4 and L5 DRGs were extracted, sectioned usinga cryostat, and immunostained using a TRPV1antibody and reacted with isolectin IB4. The P2capsaicin-injected mice exhibited a marked increase intheir analgesic responses to NHS, compared with boththeir baseline values and the respective control mice.Both the capsaicin-treated and control animalsexhibited significant hyperalgesia in response to NMS.Naturally, the control P15 mice exhibited a shorterresponse time to NHS than their baseline values, whilethe capsaicin-injected P15 mice exhibited increasedalgesia comparable to the baseline values of thecontrol. The capsaicin-injected mice also exhibitedalgesia in response to NMS. The number ofTRPV1-immunoreactive (ir) small neurons decreasedby 90% in the P2 capsaicin-injected mice and 45% inthe P15 capsaicin-injected mice, whereas an increasein IB4-positive neurons was seen in both the P2 andP15 capsaicin-injected mice. In association with thedecrease in larger neurons, the numbers of smallerneurons were increased in both P2 and P15capsaicin-injected mice. TRPV1-ir small neurons areclosely correlated with inflammatory heat painperception, suggesting the enhancement of anunknown acute noxious heat sensor in the presentstudy. The present findings indicate that noxiousmechanical stimuli can be sensed despite thepresence or absence of TRPV1-ir or IB4-positiveneurons.


Analysis of DNA extracted from the trigeminal ganglion cells after neonatal capsaicin treatment by agarose gel electrophoresis


Innervation of TRPV1-, PGP-, and CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the subepithelial layer of the whole mount preparation of the rat cornea(Cited in "Survey of Opthalmology, 2014; Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 01/2014")

The pattern of innervation of capsaicin receptor, TRPV1-(transient receptor protein vanilloid 1), PGP 9.5-(protein gene product, a marker of peripheral nerve fibers)-, and CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide)-immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibers was examined by immunohistological staining of whole mount preparations of the adult rat cornea. The outer corneoscleral limbus toward the central cornea in the subepithelial (stromal) layer was richly innervated by a meshwork of PGP- and CGRP-IR nerve fibers. Sparse innervation was observed in the central cornea, presumably owing to insufficient staining. Dense innervation of TRPV1-IR nerve fibers were demonstrated in addition to innervation of PGP- and CGRP-IR nerve fibers, running from the corneoscleral margin to the central cornea. Although the density of TRPV1-IR nerve fibers appeared to gradually diminish, immunostaining of TRPV1-IR nerve fibers was not as clear as that of PGP- and CGRP-IR nerve fibers. The TRPV1-IR nerve fibers appeared to be thinner than the PGP- and CGRP-IR nerve fibers. The TRPV1-IR leash fibers were observed in the basal epithelial layer, presumably ensuring effective corneal reflex, response to noxious stimuli, and repair of cornea injury.


Nerve fibers that were not stained with the non-specific acetylcholinesterase (NsAchE) method, and TRPV1- and IB4-positive nerve fibers in the rat cornea.(Cited in "Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 01/2014")

Previously, we noticed the presence of nerve fiber-like structures in a whole mount preparation of the rat cornea that had not been stained with the non-specific acetylcholinesterase (NsAchE) method. These nerve-like fibers were projected into the central area of the cornea, forming a mesh-like pattern. The aim of this study is to examine the properties of these mesh-like fibers using the following two methods: their sensitivity to capsaicin and the detection of isolectin B4 (IB4)- and capsaicin receptor TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1)-reactivities. The mean disappeared area of non-stained fibers after NsAchE treatment was 26% of the total areas in the neonatally capsaicin-treated cornea. Bunches composed of fine IB4-positive nerve fibers were seen in a whole mount preparation. There were connections between the bunches, producing a mesh-like pattern similar to that of the fibers that were not stained with NsAchE. Fine TRPV1-immunoreactive (ir) nerve fibers were also shown to form bunches, with connections between each bunch observed in whole mount preparations. Thus, TRPV1-ir nerve fibers seem to densely innervate the rat corneal subepithelial stroma and are distinct from the NsAchE-positive nerve fibers. The TRPV1-ir fine nerve fibers overlapped with the IB4-positive nerve fibers, suggesting that the mesh-like fibers that were not stained with NsAchE are fine nociceptive sensory nerve fibers because of their sensitivity to capsaicin and similar distribution pattern to IB4- and TRPV1-positive nerve fibers.

The Journal of Medical Investigation : JMI


Induction of corneal lesion and nerve fiber sprouting by neonatal capsaicin application depends on the dose of the drug and survival time after treatment

The effects of capsaicin on the rat cornea and its NsAchE (non specific acetylcholinesterase)-positive nerve fibers were investigated after long and short survival periods following subcutaneous (s.c) injection of the drug. Sixteen rats were injected once s.c with capsaicin on postnatal day 2 at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Age-matched rats were injected only vehicle, and served as control (n = 16). After 4 (n = 6), 8 (n = 6) and 12 (n = 4) mos., both sides of the corneas were examined under a binocular microscope to look for corneal abnormalities. Immediately after the enucleation, bilateral corneas were excised with a thin scleral margin and their ciliary body and iris were removed in DPBS solution. Then, they were fixed in a 4% paraformaldehyde solution containing 8% sucrose for 1 h at 4 degrees C, and processed for staining by the NsAchE method. For comparison, 15 rats were injected 3 times with capsaicin (total dose: 150 mg/kg) at a dose of 50 mg/kg on days 1, 2 and 3 after birth. Age-matched rats (n = 16) were injected vehicle as controls. Five (n = 4), 17 (n = 4), 45 (n = 3) and 75 (n = 4) days later, their corneas were similarly handled as described above. Corneal lesions and sprouting of the NsAchE-positive subepithelial nerve fibers appeared 4 mos. after the treatment with capsaicin (50 mg/kg). In particular, all the treated corneas (8/8) at 12 mos. showed corneal abnormalities. Contrary to the results from the single injection of capsaicin, corneal changes had already appeared on day 17 after treatment with capsaicin at a high dose (150 mg/kg). These data reinforce the suggestion that yielding of corneal lesions is closely associated with the longer survival time at lower doses and with the short survival time at a high dose of the drug. Further, the relationship between sprouting of corneal nerve fibers and corneal wounds was discussed on the basis of the previous reports.


Capsaicin-resistant, nonspecific acetylcholinesterase (NsAchE) reactive nerve fibers in the rat cornea: a quantitative and developmental study (Cited in "Investigative Ophtalmology & Visual Science, 52(5), 2010")

Little is known whether capsaicin affects on the nonspecific acetylcholinesterase (NsAchE) positive nerves in the cornea. To examine this point, the density of the corneal nerve fibers stained with NsAchE method was compared with that of control. Capsaicin (50 mg/kg) was injected once into the dorsal skin of rats at 2 day after birth. As controls, a vehicle was similarly injected into animals of the same age. At 5 (n = 3), 17 (n = 4), 45 (n = 4) and 75 (n = 3) days after treatment, the bilateral corneas were excised from capsaicin treated (n = 14) and age-matched control animals (n = 14). The entire subepithelial corneal nerves stained in whole mount preparations were hand traced. Their density was represented as mm/mm2 by converting the total areas of the nerve fibers into the total length of them using computer image analysis system. No significant differences in the nerve fiber density were seen in the control and capsaicin-treated corneas at the survival times examined. Even high doses of neonatal capsaicin injection (total: 150 mg/kg) no NsAchE-reacted corneal nerves showed a significant decrease. However, the time of wiping by instillation of 100 microM capsaicin onto the corneas severely reduced (analgesia to chemical irritant) in the neonatal capsaicin-treated rats (50 mg/kg, n = 13) compared with those of controls (n = 13) at 17, 45 and 75 day survivals. This was closely associated with the decrease of PGP-ir intraepithelial nerve fibers. The corneal nerves reacted with the NsAchE seemed to be capsaicin resistant and have a functional property except the chemical nociception.


Preliminary Studies on GABA-immunoreactive Neurons in the Rat Trigeminal Ganglion (Cited in "Cephalagia, 26(1), 2006; Molecular Pain, 09/2009; Neurochemical Journal, 8(2), 2014")

GABA-immunoreactive (ir) primary sensory neurons have been reported in many studies. However, the role of GABA in the primary sensory neurons and their targets is quite open to question. The present study aimed to examine the GABA-ir neurons in the rat trigeminal ganglion (TG), for the first step of functional study on them. Some neurons in the TG showed GABA-ir, which were ranged from large to small size. The total number of examined TG neurons from 6 ganglia was 2,531, of which 462 neurons (18.3%) showed GABA-ir the large subpopulation of GABA-ir TG neurons is likely to involve in nerve-muscle functions, whereas medium and small subpopulations might participate in cutaneous nociceptive sensory function. The present findings demonstrated a considerable number of sensory neurons containing GABA in the rat TG. Functional studies on GABA-ir neurons in the TG would be an interesting and important issues in future studies. The next aim of our study is to examine the size distribution of GABAergic neurons and the coexistence with other neurotransmitters in the rat TG.


Dental Treatment of Two Siblings with Adult-type Metachromatic Leukodystrophy - A Case Report -

成人型異染性白質ジストロフィーの1同胞例の歯科治療経験


Cell death of primary afferent nerve cells in neonatal mice treated with capsaicin (Cited in "European Journal of Pharmacology, 500(1-3), 2004; The book [Neurogenic Inflammation in Health and Disease] ed. by G. Jancso, Elsevier, 2009; Biomed Research International, 01/2014; 05/2014")

Capsaicin (50 mg kg-1) or vehicle (control) was injected into 2-day-old mice, and apoptotic cell death of the lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells was examined using in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method at 5, 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment. Apoptotic cells were counted per section under a fluorescent microscope. The mean number of apoptotic cells showed a significant increase in the capsaicin-treated DRG at 24 h, but the number was at most 1-2 per section. Thus, many previous findings of an approximate 70-80% loss of the small primary afferent neurons induced by capsaicin could not be explained by apoptosis alone. Moreover, according to the morphological changes, it appeared that capsaicin preferentially induced necrosis rather than apoptosis, at least in mice.


The effect of anti-NGF and NGF on the responses to noxious heat in mice treated with capsaicin in the neonatal period

新生仔期にカプサイシン投与したマウスの侵害熱刺激応答に対する抗NGFとNGFの影響


徳島大学歯学部附属病院特殊歯科総合治療部顎口腔機能治療部門における顎関節症の実態調査


Age-related changes in the response to thermal noxious heat and reduction of C-fibers by neonatal treatment with capsaicin (Cited in "Journal of Physiology, 549(1), 2003; International Review of Neurobiology, 87, 2009")


Survey of patients at the Center for Special Care in Dentistry, Tokushima University Dental Hospital

特殊歯科総合治療部を受診した患者の実態調査


小手術時の心身の状態把握のための看護アセスメント

小手術時の心身の状態把握のための看護アセスメント

The Japanese Journal of Pediatric Dentistry


Postnatal maturation of limbar dorsal root ganglion cells and myelinated fibers in the dorsal root of the mouse

マウスの腰部後根神経節と後根内有髄神経の生後発達


小児の歯科診療時の協力性に関する研究 --- 第5報 母親の不安度と小児の歯科治療に対する適応性との関連


小児の歯科診療時の協力性に関する研究 --- 第4報 小児の歯科治療前および治療中の身体行動および情動反応と治療に対する適応性との関連


A Psychological Study on Adjustment of Dental Treatment in Young Children(2)

小児の歯科診療における適応性の心理学的研究(第2報)

Research Bulletin of Educational Sciences Naruto University of Education

鳴門教育大学研究紀要(教育科学編)


小児の歯科診療時の協力性に関する研究 第1報 --- 歯科受診時の小児の行動と情緒安定度


Studies on the Cooperation-Enhancing Approach in Dealing with Children in the Dental Setting --- 3 Child Personality and Behavioral Reactions in Dental Settings

小児の歯科診療時の協力性に関する研究 --- 第3報 小児の人格的要因と歯科受診時の行動との相関性