Estimation Method of Fractions of Geological Environment and Atmospheric Fallout Based on Long-distance Transport and Domestic Origin of Sulfate in Headstream Water in Mountainous Area, Shikoku Island

四国山岳地域における渓流水中硫酸イオンの長距離輸送および国内起源に基づく地質環境画分と大気降下物画分の推計法


Investigation of the concentration ratios of anthropogenic metal elements in fresh snow at mountain area as a tracer for the discrimination between short and longrange transport contributions


Determination of trace perchlorate in river water by ion chromatography with online matrix removal and sample concentration

This paper proposes a simple ion chromatographic approach to determine trace amounts of perchlorate in river water samples. Determination of the trace perchlorate by ion chromatography typically faces two challenges: interference by matrix ions such as chloride, nitrate, and sulfate in the samples and insufficient detection sensitivity. In the present study, online pretreatment of the samples with an OnGuard II Ba/Ag/H disposable sample pretreatment cartridge prevented the sulfate peak tailing from overlapping with the perchlorate peak on the chromatogram. In addition, the matrix removal enabled as large as 10 mL of sample to be loaded into a high exchange capacity anion concentrator, significantly improving perchlorate's detection sensitivity. The proposed approach achieved a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 0.046 µg L without using a costly mass spectrometer and successfully determined sub µg L levels of perchlorate in river water.


Analysis of Leachate Copper from Sediment at a Small Abandoned Mine Site by Handy-type Liquid Electrode Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer

Sediment, soil and drainage water were collected at an abandoned copper mine, and the leachate copper prepared with 1M HCl were qualitatively analyzed by a handy elemental analyzer based on liquid electrode plasma atomic emission spectrometry (LEP-AES). Quantitative values obtained by the handy analyzer with standard addition or conventional calibration method combining with self-internal standard method, and ones by flame atomic absorption spectrometer were compared. The analytical condition for LEP-AES, the accuracy and the precision were discussed. The elongation of interval of pulsed applied voltage enhanced intensities of emission line, but background rising for copper emission line overlapping tail of broad OH band prevent expected improvement of the limit of detection. Copper species in sediment exist as divalent basic copper sulfate confirmed by XANES/EXAFS spectra recorded by a laboratory type spectrometer.


Isotopic analysis of nickel, copper, and zinc in various freshwater samples for source identification

Nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) are commonly used in human activities and pollute aquatic environments including rivers and oceans. Recently, Ni, Cu, and Zn isotope ratios have been measured to identify their sources and cycles in environments. We precisely determined the Ni, Cu, and Zn isotope ratios in rain, snow, and rime collected from Uji City and Mt. Kajigamori in Japan, and investigated the potential of isotopic ratios as tracers of anthropogenic materials. The isotope and elemental ratios suggested that road dust is the main source of Cu in most rain, snow, and rime samples and that some of the Cu may originate from fossil fuel combustion. Zinc in the rain, snow, and rime samples may be partially attributed to Zn in road dust. Zinc isotope ratios in the Uji rain samples are lower than those in the road dust, which would be emitted via high temperature processes. Nickel isotope ratios are correlated with V/Ni ratios in the rain, snow, and rime samples, suggesting that their main source is heavy oil combustion. Furthermore, we analyzed water samples from the Uji and Tawara Rivers and the Kakita River spring in Japan. Nickel and Cu isotope ratios in the river water samples were significantly heavier than those in rain, snow, and rime samples, while Zn isotope ratios were similar. This is attributed to isotopic fractionation of Cu and Ni between particulate-dissolved phases in river water or soil.


Determination of Trace Elements in Aerosols at a Rural Mountainous Area and a Local City of Eastern Shikoku Region, Japan


Natural Levels of Concentration of Cadmium, Lead and Non seasalt-Sulfate in Clean Rain and Fresh Snow collected in Remote and Rural Areas in Japan

日本の遠隔地における清浄な降雨・雪中のカドミウム, 鉛及び非海塩性硫酸イオンの人為活動に依存しない自然レベルの濃度


Composition and Origin of Cadmium and Lead in Snow Collected from Remote Mountain Area in Japan in a 2015 to 2018

2015年から2018年における国内遠隔山岳地域で採取した降雪中のカドミウムと鉛の組成及びその起源


Cellular adverse actions of dibromoacetonitrile, a by-product in water bacterial control, at sublethal levels in rat thymocytes

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN), a by-product in water bacterial control, at sublethal concentrations on rat thymocytes, by using a cytometric technique with appropriate fluorescent dyes. By using this method, the possibility that DBAN induces cellular actions related to oxidative stress was assessed. DBAN reduced the content of cellular nonprotein thiols under Zn2+-free conditions. It elevated the intracellular level of Zn2+, being independent from external Zn2+. DBAN increased cell vulnerability to the cytotoxic action of hydrogen peroxide. These actions of DBAN were likely related to oxidative stress. DBAN is formed by the reaction of bromides and chlorinated oxidants during water disinfection. Hydrolysis of 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, an antimicrobial used in hydraulic fracturing fluids for production of shale gas and oil, produces DBAN. Therefore, the concern regarding the levels of DBAN in industrial water systems is necessary to avoid the environmental risk to humans and wild mammals.


実験室型X線吸収分光装置を用いた遠隔山岳地域で採取された湿性沈着中の長距離輸送エアロゾル中に含まれる鉄の化学状態分析


Sulfur Chemical State and Chemical Composition of Insoluble Substance in Soft Rime, Hard Rime and Snow collected on Remote and Rural Areas in Japan using WDXRF


Role of iron modifier on boron atomization process using graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry based on speciation of iron using X-ray absorption fine structure

Spectrochimica Acta. Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy


Pb / Cd Ratios in Fresh Snow Derived from Cold Air Mass from Northern North Eastern China and Maritime Province in Russia at Remote Area along Japan Sea in Honshu Island and Long-range Transport Mechanism during Winter

本州日本海沿いの遠隔地における北東中国北部・ロシア沿海地方からの大気塊に由来する降雪中のPb/Cd比および冬季の長距離輸送機構


Atomization Mechanism of Boron by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry using Iron Matrix Modifier

鉄マトリクス修飾剤を用いた黒鉛炉原子吸光法によるホウ素の原子化機構


Long-range Transport Mechanism in 2014 ~ 2008 Winter Season of Cadmium, Lead and nonseasalt-Sulfate ion in Fresh Rime and Fresh Snow Collected on the summit of Mt. Kajigamori, Shikoku Island, Japan

2008年から2014年における高知県梶ヶ森山頂の樹氷と降雪中のカドミウム，鉛，非海塩性硫酸イオンの長距離輸送機構


Impact of competitive Fe(III) ion on complexation of humic acid and metal ions

鉄(III)イオン競合によるフミン酸と有害微量金属イオンの錯生成反応への影響


Corneal Erosion With Pigments Derived From a Cosmetic Contact Lens: A Case Report

To report a case of corneal erosion with pigments derived from a cosmetic contact lens (CCL). A 29-year-old woman complained of foreign body sensation after wearing CCL. Slit-lamp examination of her left eye revealed corneal erosion with yellow pigment at its edges. The surface of the CCLs was examined using the rub-off test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An elementary analysis using SEM with energy-dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) was also performed. On the back surface of the CCL, the pigments easily came off during the rub-off test. An SEM examination found exposed pigments with needle-like construction on the back surface. SEM-EDX revealed the presence of carbon, oxygen, iron, titanium, and chlorine in the pigments. Direct contact between the bare pigments on a CCL and the corneal surface can cause corneal damage.


Classification and Long-range Transfport of Inorganic Small Spherical Particles in Snow collected on Mountain and Remote Aera along Japan Sea in Honshu Island, Japan

本州日本海沿いの遠隔地における降雪中の無機小球体粒子の組成と長距離輸送

In order to investigate the long-range transfer mechanism of inorganic small spherical particles in wet-depositions on mountains and remote areas along the Japan Sea in Honshu Island, Japan in 2014 and 2015, other than the summit of Mt. Kajigamori in Shikoku Island, Japan, the residue was obtained with a 0.45 μm pore-sized filter and a single-particle analysis was carried out for ones below 3 μm by using a Low-Vacuum Tabletop SEM-EDX. Particles were classified in six categories according to their compositions. In this work, it was found that a new category type of distribution patterns of the particles (Al-Si particle) was presented, and proposed that depended on the 24 h back-trajectory in Russia near the coast area of Japan Sea. Relationship between classification and back trajectory of air mass was investigated and discussed.


Study of the Roles of Chemical Modifiers in Determining Boron Using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Optimization of the Temperature Profile During Atomization

The measurement conditions for determining boron using graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) were investigated. Differences in the boron absorbance profiles were found using three different commercially available GF-AAS instruments when the graphite atomizers in them were not tuned. The boron absorbances found with and without adjusting the graphite atomizers suggested that achieving an adequate absorbance for the determination of boron requires a sharp temperature profile that overshoots the target temperature during the atomization process. Chemical modifiers that could improve the boron absorbance without the need for using coating agents were tested. Calcium carbonate improved the boron absorbance but did not suppress variability in the peak height. Improvement of boron absorbance was comparatively less using iron nitrate or copper nitrate than using calcium carbonate, but variability in the peak height was clearly suppressed using iron nitrate or copper nitrate. The limit of detection was 0.0026 mg L(-1) when iron nitrate was used. It appears that iron nitrate is a useful new chemical modifier for the quick and simple determination of boron using GF-AAS.


Scanning electron microscopy findings with energy dispersive X-ray investigations


Classification of Inorganic Small Spherical Particles in Rime and Snow at the Summit of Mt. Kajigamori, Shikoku Island, Japan

四国・梶ヶ森山頂における樹氷および降雪中の無機小球体粒子の組成構成

In order to investigate the long-range transfer mechanism of inorganic small spherical particles in wet-depositions, such as rime, snow and glaze, on the summit of Mt. Kajigamori (1399.4 m alt.), Kochi, Shikoku Island, in 2011-2013, the residue was obtained with a 0.45 m pore-sized filter and then, a single-particle analysis was carried out for ones below 3 m by using a Low-Vacuum Tabletop scanning electron microscope-energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Particles were classified in the six categories according to their compositions. In this work, it was found that two majour types of distribution patterns of the particles were presented. It was proposed that these depended on the 24 hrs back-trajectory, such as a typical fly-ash category in Huabei type and a Fe-Si-Al particle category in Dongbei type in China. The Zn-included particles were also analyzed.


Concentrations of Chemical Constituents in Glaze at the Summit of Mt. Kajigamori in Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku Region, Japan

四国・高知県の梶ヶ森山頂における雨氷の化学成分濃度

The second and third glaze events in Shikoku region were observed to have arisen during the early morning in March 9/2012 and January 14/2013, respectively. In order to obtain information about the concentrations of chemical constituents in glaze, one of the samples was collected from the summit of Mt. Kajigamori (ALT. 1400 m), where is the watershed protection forest of Riv. Yoshinogawa is located. The concentrations of major soluble ions and toxic elements, such as Cd and Pb, were analyzed. High concentrations of nss-SO42- and Pb were observed with the back-trajectory over Middle and North China. The residues in the glaze were analyzed by a SEM-EDX technique. In the residue, various components of small spherical particulate were also found, indicating the presence of various origins of the fly-ash, including coal burning with the effect of long-range transport.


四国地域で民間利用されている健康茶の機能(第一報)ラジカル消去，α-グルコシダーゼ阻害，キサンチンオキシダーゼ阻害活性について

Journal for the Integrated Study of Dietary Habits


Yttrium decreases the intracellular Zn2+ concentration in rat thymocytes by attenuating a temperature-sensitive Zn2+ influx

Yttrium is used in the production of various electronic devices because the alloy it contains enhances or modifies the properties of other elements. In order to study the cytotoxic action of yttrium, the effect of yttrium chloride (YCl3) on the intracellular Zn2+ level was examined in rat thymocytes using a flow cytometer with FluoZin-3-AM and propidium iodide. The application of YCl3 significantly decreased the intensity of the FluoZin-3 fluorescence, suggesting a decrease in the intracellular Zn2+ level or quenching of the FluoZin-3 fluorescence by Y3+. However, since Y3+ did not attenuate the FluoZin-3 fluorescence under cell-free conditions, the latter suggestion was ruled out. Rat thymocytes possess a temperature-sensitive membrane pathway that carries Zn2+ into the cells. The application of YCl3 attenuated the FluoZin-3 fluorescence augmented by externally applied ZnCl2 in a concentration-dependent manner. This suggested that Y3+ inhibited the Zn2+ influx, resulting in the decrease in the intracellular Zn2+ level. Yttrium may induce dyshomeostasis of intracellular Zn2+, leading to some cytotoxic actions.

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology


Radical Scavenging Activity of Spring Mountain Herbs in the Shikoku Mountain Area and Identification of Antiradical Constituents by Simple HPLC Detection and LC-MS Methods

The functionality of spring mountain herbs, which were collected in the Kajigamori mountain area of Shikoku area in Japan, was investigated in the course of our studies for utilizing local plant resources. The radical scavenging activity of the extracts from seventeen herbs was measured. Among these herbs, two extracts from Polystichym ovato-paleaceum (Japanese name: Tsuyanashiinode) and Sambucus racemosa subsp. sieboldiana (Japanese name: Niwatoko) showed potent DPPH radical scavenging activity. The material evidence for the potent activity of the extracts was studied by a combination of our developed method for detecting antiradical compounds, LC-MS/MS, and enzymatic hydrolysis.

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry


Evidence of two way X-ray emission from pyroelectric crystal

焦電結晶上での二元X線発生機構

タンタル酸リチウム単結晶の加熱/ 冷却に伴うX 線発生現象について，真空度および昇温温度を制御した実験を行い，その発生機構について検討した．X 線発生は既往の報告より三桁高い真空度10-4 Pa でも起こり，X線発生終了までの全積分強度は1 Paまで一定であった．タンタル酸リチウム単結晶の焦電性を利用したX線発生は，結晶表面近傍で起こる放電に伴って残留ガスより生じる高密度の荷電粒子の衝突を起源とする数分以内で終了する現象と，もともと残留ガス中に存在する荷電粒子を起源として10分以上継続するものとの二元機構であると結論された．焦電結晶の昇温する速度を一定にすることでX線発生強度が一定となる時間を延長することができた．

Advances in X-Ray Chemical Analysis, Japan


Some characteristics of membrane Cd2+ transport in rat thymocytes: An analysis using Fluo-3

Although cadmium-induced apoptosis of lymphocytes is one of common features in the immunotoxicity of cadmium, the membrane pathway for intracellular cadmium accumulation is not fully elucidated. To characterize membrane Cd2+ transport of rat thymocytes, the change in intracellular Cd2+ concentration under various conditions was examined by the use of Fluo-3, a fluorescent probe for monitoring the change in intracellular concentration of divalent metal cations. The membrane Cd2+ transport was estimated by the augmentation of Fluo-3 fluorescence induced by bath application of CdCl2. Lowering temperature strongly suppressed the augmentation of Fluo-3 fluorescence by CdCl2, suggesting that the metabolic process can be involved in membrane Cd2+ transport. External acidification (decreasing pH) and membrane depolarization by adding KCl attenuated the augmentation, indicating the requirement of electrochemical driving force for membrane Cd2+ transport into the cells. Bath application of CaCl2 and ZnCl2 equally decreased the augmentation, suggesting their competition with Cd2+ at the membrane transport. The augmentation by CdCl2 was lesser in the cells treated with N-ethylmaleimide inducing chemical depletion of cellular thiols. The result suggests the contribution of sulfhydryl groups to membrane Cd2+ transport. Taken together, it is suggested that the cells possess a temperature-sensitive membrane Cd2+ pathway, driven by electrochemical gradient of Cd2+ and transmembrane potential, with competitive binding site. Based on the characteristics described above, it is unlikely that the membrane Cd2+ transport in rat thymocytes is attributed to a single transport system although it has characteristics that are similar to those of divalent cation transporter 1.


スチレン類二量化に有効な鉄シリカ触媒のXAFS法による構造解析

スチレン類二量化に有効な鉄シリカ触媒のXAFS法による構造解析

α-メチルスチレン二量化反応に活性を示す鉄ゾル-ゲル法にて調製した鉄シリカ触媒をX線回折およびX線吸収分光法により評価した．触媒中鉄種の存在状態は仕込みSi /Fe 比に依存し，100 以上では四面体FeOxCl4-x種，50以下ではα-Fe2O3 凝集種が主成分であり，その存在比をXANES解析により求めた．シリカマトリクスに捕捉された孤立FeOxCl4-x が活性種として機能し，固体酸性質を発現する機構について論じた．


Lead and Cadmium Concentrations in Winter Rain, Fresh Snow, Rime and Glaze Collected on the Top of Mt. Kajigamori, Kochi Prefecture in Shikoku Island, Japan

四国・高知県梶が森山頂の冬期降雨，降雪，樹氷および雨氷の鉛とカドミウム濃度

Winter rain, fresh snow, rime and glaze samples were collected on the top of Mt. Kajigamori (ALT. 1400 m), which is the watershed protection forest of Riv. Yoshinogawa with an altitude of 1400 m, Kochi, Shikoku Island in West Japan during the winter season of 2010 (December 2009 and March 2010). Lead and cadmium in the rain, snow, rime and glaze were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry together with the ionic components (Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, F-, Cl-, NO2-, Br-, NO3-, PO43-, SO42-) by ion chromatography, and pH, E.C. during the winter season. In the back-trajectory over Russia-Japan Sea, very low concentrations of Pb and Cd were observed in all samples. From the back-trajectory over North China and Korea, it was considered that the observed relatively high concentration of Pb in snow and rime and Cd in rain showed a possibility of long-range transportation from the East Asis region. The low concentration of lead in rime ice and fresh snow collected at Mt. Tateeboshiyama (ALT. 1299 m) in Shobara city, Hiroshima (Mt. Hibasan quasi-national park) was observed with back-trajectry over Russia-Japan Sea.


四国山岳地帯土壌浸出水のハンディ液体電極プラズマ発光分析装置を用いる分析

四国山岳地帯土壌浸出水のハンディ液体電極プラズマ発光分析装置を用いる分析

The elemental analysis of a 1M hydrochloric acid leaching solution from soil samples in the mountain district of Shikoku was carried out by a portable liquid electrode plasma (LEP) atomic emission spectrometer. The contents of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Fe were determined, and compared with those by flame photometry, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, ICP-MS and ICP-AES. The 600 V of the applied voltage was found to be suitable for the present sample solution at the use of a sample holder made of resin. The precision of the emission intensities for iterative measurements was improved by a normalization procedure with an emission line from the atomic hydrogen, and the relative standard deviations were ca. 20%. Results of quantitative analysis of soil-extracts by LEP atomic emission spectrometry were discussed based on geological data around the sampling area.

The elemental analysis of a 1M hydrochloric acid leaching solution from soil samples in the mountain district of Shikoku was carried out by a portable liquid electrode plasma (LEP) atomic emission spectrometer. The contents of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Fe were determined, and compared with those by flame photometry, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, ICP-MS and ICPAES. The 600 V of the applied voltage was found to be suitable for the present sample solution at the use of a sample holder made of resin. The precision of the emission intensities for iterative measurements was improved by a normalization procedure with an emission line from the atomic hydrogen, and the relative standard deviations were ca. 20%. Results of quantitative analysis of soil-extracts by LEP atomic emission spectrometry were discussed based on geological data around the sampling area.


Zn2+, derived from cell preparation, partly attenuates Ca2+-dependent cell death induced by A23187, calcium ionophore, in rat thymocytes

A23187, a calcium ionophore, is used to induce Ca2+-dependent cell death by increasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) under in vitro condition. Since this ionophore also increases membrane permeability of metal divalent cations such as Zn2+ and Fe2+ rather than Ca2+, trace metal cations in cell suspension may affect Ca2+-dependent cell death induced by A23187. Therefore, the effects of chelators for divalent metal cations, EDTA and TPEN, on the A23187-induced cytotoxicity were cytometrically examined in rat thymocytes. The cytotoxicity of A23187 was attenuated by 1 mM EDTA while it was augmented by 50 µM EDTA and 10 µM TPEN. These changes were statistically significant. The A23187-induced increase in Fluo-3 fluorescence intensity, a parameter for [Ca2+]i, was significantly reduced by 1 mM EDTA while it was not the case for 50 µM EDTA and 10 µM TPEN. The intensity of FluoZin-3 fluorescence, a parameter for [Zn2+]i, increased by A23187 was respectively reduced by 50 µM EDTA and 10 µM TPEN. It is suggested that the attenuation of A23187-induced cytotoxicity by 1 mM EDTA is due to the chelation of extracellular Ca2+ and Zn2+ while the augmentation by 50 µM ETDA or 10 µM TPEN is due to the chelation of extracellular Zn2+. The Tyrode's solution without thymocytes contained 32.4 nM of zinc while it was 216.9 nM in the cell suspension. In conclusion, trace Zn2+, derived from cell preparation, partly attenuates the Ca2+-dependent cell death induced by A23187.


Atomization Mechanisms of Gold Dispersed on Pyrolytic Graphite Surface in Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

黒鉛炉原子吸光法におけるパイロ黒鉛炉表面上に分散した金の原子化機構

The atomization of various masses of gold deposited on a pyrolytic graphite furnace was observed between 0.02 and 0.20 ng. The process controlling function obtained indicated the formation of gold aggregates, such as droplets or clusters, and the desorption of gold atoms with the three-dimensional diffusion control. The value of activation energy (E_a) was decreased with decreasing in the mass of gold, indicating a decrease in the particle size. The size was calculated to be 0.341.90 nm in the range 190300 kJ mol^<-1>, respectively. It was found that the first order reaction process was obtained and E_a = 88 ± 13 kJ mol^<-1> in the temperature range of 11621436 K with the mass of 0.02 ng. The E_a value for the monoatomic state of gold dispersed on the conventional PG surface in electrothermal atomizer is discussed from the view point of a change in the degree of surface morphologies with basal plane, newly PG, aged PG, mechanically roughened PG, amorphous carbon and active carbon surfaces.


Atomization mechanism of silver deposited on pyrolyzed ascorbic acid in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

黒鉛炉原子吸光法におけるアスコルビン酸灰化生成物上に分散した銀の原子化機構

The atomization of 0.2 ng Ag deposited on ascorbic acid pyrolysed at various temperatures was observed and the activation parameters were estimated. The mass of Ag and the pyrolysis conditions were selected to form droplets without any dispersion on a PG wall and active carbon. The kinetic order obtained indicated the formation of Ag aggregates on the active carbon at temperatures below 1560 K and the formation of individually dispersed atoms of Ag on that at temperatures over 1700 K. The degree of interaction between the Ag atom and an active site on the high temperature treated active carbon was increased, resulting from their greater interaction.


Pyrolytic and Nopyrolytic Boron Nitride Platform on Electrothermal AAS for the Determination of Cadmium in Sea and Estuarine Water without Chemical Modification

The analytical performance of pyrolytic and non-pyrolytic boron nitride (PBN and NBN) platforms, attached to a commercially available graphite tube furnace, in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) for Cd was studied. Although the tolerable pyrolysis temperature was 300 degrees C with the conventional pyrolytic graphite platform, it increased to 600 and 950 degrees C with the PBN and NBN platforms, respectively. The lifetime of the ceramic platform was 500 firings. The NBN platform provided an enhanced sensitivity with a better reproducibility than others. Using the NBN platform allowed the LOD, based on the variability of the blank (3sigma), to be 0.1 microg l(-1) within a seawater matrix (20,000 mg NaCl l(-1)) and a constant sensitivity in the range 0-30,000 mg NaCl l(-1). Good recovery in the range of 90-105% was observed for Cd (2.0 microg l(-1)) spiked into sea, estuarine and river water samples using the recommended procedure. This work proposes that using the NBN platform allows the direct monitoring and control of contaminated water for Cd by ETAAS without any chemical modification.


Surface Modulationin Electrothermal Atomizer for Atomic Absorption Spectrometry


Large-Volume Injection Electrothermal AAS combined with Tungste-treated Pyrolytic Graphite Furnace: Determination of Cadmium in Tap, Snow and River Samples with Phosphate Modifier

A large-volume (100 microl) injection-ETAAS with W-treated PG furnace combined with a phosphate modifier was applied to the determination of unpolluted levels of Cd in tap, snow and river-water samples. The limit of detection of 1.1 ng l(-1) was observed for a 4 w/v% NH4H2PO4 modifer. Matrix interference studies were tested for major ion species well found in fresh water. The direct determination of Cd in certified river water (12 +/- 2 ng l(-1)) was carried out and the observed value was in agreement with the certified one. The good recoveries of Cd added to real environmental water samples were also observed. This method was applied to the determination of Cd in unpolluted environmental water samples.


Single Drop Surface Modified Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Large Volume Injection: Determination of Cadmium

Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry


Controlling atomizer Surfaces by Varying Ascorbic Acid Pyrolysis Conditions to Modify Activation Energies for Gold Desorption in Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry


Desorption Mechanism of Arsenic from Non-pyrolytic Graphite, Pyrolytic Graphite and Pyrolyzed Ascorbic Acid in ETAAS


Comparison of Chemical Modifier in Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Boron Nitride Tube and Platform Furnace for Mercury


Large Aliquot Injection Approach in the Electrothermal AAS Determination of Arsenic in Environmental Water samples


Effect of Refractory Element Carbide-coating of Pyrolytically Coated Graphite Furnace on Injectable Sample Volume in Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Lead


Atomization Mechanism of Gold from Thermally Decomposed and Crudly Roughened Pyrolytically Coated Graphite Furnace using an Electrothermal Atomizer


Effect of Surface Treatment of Graphite furnace with Refractory Element (Hafnium, Titanium, Tungusten and Zirconium) by One-Drop Coating Method on Atomization Mechanism of Indium in Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry


Yield and Pore Size Distribution of Pyrolysis Products of Organic Compound as a Chemical Modifier in an Electrothermal Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry


Pyrolytic and Non-pyrolytic Boron Nitride Furnaces for Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry


Effect of Pyrolysis Conditions of Ascorbic Acid as a Chemical Modifier on the Vaporization Mechanism of Gold in Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry


Improvement in Linearity of Arrhenius plots for Atomization under Linear Heating Conditions in Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry


Effect of Nickel Nitrate on Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Indium in Infant Formula and Breast Milk


Effect of Ascorbic acid and Sucrose on Electrothermal Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Indium


Indium Atomic Absorption Signals from Non-pyrolytic and Pyrolytically Coated Graphite Furnaces in Electrothermal Atomization-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry


Effect of Low Pressure System Passing Along South Coast of Japan on Chemical Composition of Snow Collected in Joetsu City

南岸低気圧が新潟県上越市の降雪の化学成分に与える影響


Investigations of Pyrolyzed Ascorbic Acid in Electrothermal Graphite Furnace by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectromtery and Raman Spectromtery

Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry


Electrothermal Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Signal for Gold in Organic Matrices

Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry


In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Silicic Acid in Comparison With That of Selenious Acid

The Journal of Trace Elements Experimental Medicine


Chemical Characteristics of Precipitation Collected in Joetsu City

新潟県上越市における降水の化学的特徴


Furnace Atomization Plasma Emission Spectrometry at Controlled Pressures


Easily Ionized Element Interference Effect in Furnace Atomization Plasma Emission Spectrometry


Gas-phase Re-distribution of Analyte Species in theIntegrated Contact Cuvette Furnace Atomization Plasma Emission Spectrometry Source


Aluminium Levels in Breast Milk and Infant Formulae in Japan


Atomization Mechanism of Gallium in Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry


Low Copper and Brain Abnormalities in Fetus from Triethylene Tetramine Dihydrochloride-Treated Pregnant Mouse

Journal of fNutrintional Science and Vitaminology


Interference Mechanism of Sulfate Matrices in Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Lead


Effect of Ascorbic Acid on the Desorption of Gold in Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan


Mass Effect on the Mechanism of Lead Atomization in Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry


Chemical Reactions in an Electrothermal Graphite Furnace in the Presence of Lead, Magnesium Chloride and Chromium Nitrate


Effect of Asorbic Acid on Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Signals for Lead


Simultaneous Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Biological Samples by Multichannel GraphitefurnaceAtomicAbsorptionSpectrometry


Effect of Chloride Ion on Lead Signal Appearance in the Co-Existence of Iron in Electrothermal Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry


Determination of Lead in Serum by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Using Chromium Nitrate as a Matrix Modifier

Japanese Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health


Silicon Concentrations in Maternal Serum and Breast Milk in the Postpartum Period

産後の母体血清，母乳中のケイ素含有量


Effect of sulfates on atomization of lead in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

黒鉛原子吸光法における鉛の原子化に及ぼす硫酸塩の影響


Zinc and Copper Concentrations in Breast Milk and Maternal Serum in the Postpartum Period

母乳および産褥期血清中の亜鉛と銅

This study reports the contents of Zn and Cu in the breast milk and serum of postpartum mothers, 17 primiparas and 20 multiparas, at one week and at one month after delivery. Results were as follows. 1. The mean content of Zn in the breast milk was 5.44 micrograms/ml at 1 week after delivery, and it decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) to 2.73 micrograms/ml at 1 month after delivery. 2. The mean content of Zn in serum was 0.66 microgram/ml at 1 week, and it increased significantly (p less than 0.01) to 0.84 microgram/ml, close to the normal level, at 1 month. 3. The milk Zn level at 1 week after delivery was about 8 times as high as the Zn in serum. There was a significant (p less than 0.05) negative correlation in Zn contents between milk and serum at 1 week after delivery, and there was no significant correlation in Zn contents between milk and serum at 1 month after delivery. 4. The mean content of Cu in breast milk was 0.55 microgram/ml at 1 week after delivery, and it decreased to 0.44 microgram/ml at 1 month after delivery. 5. The mean content of Cu in serum was 2.14 micrograms/ml at 1 week after delivery, and it decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) to 1.35 micrograms/ml, close to the normal level, at 1 month after delivery. 6. Concerning the Cu contents of milk and serum, there was not a significant correlation at 1 week after delivery, but a significant (p less than 0.05) positive correlation was found at 1 month after delivery.


Effect of Chromium(III) Nitrate on Atomization Mechanism of Lead in Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry


Basicity of Water in Hydrogen-Bonded Networks of Methanol-1,2-Dichloroethane Mixtures Using the [(1R,4S,8R,11S)-,4,8,11-Tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacycloteradecane]-nickel(II) Cation as a Probe of Electron-Pair Acceptance


Determination of aluminum in human hair by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry using solvent extraction-semimicro sample injection

溶媒抽出-微少量導入を用いた誘導結合プラズマ発光法による毛髪中のアルミニウムの定量


Urinary excretion of silicon, calcium, magnesium and phosphorous during a 24-hour period in normal sujects (aged 18-21)

健常人(18-21歳)のケイ素，カルシウム，マグネシウムおよびリンの尿中排泄


Axial Co-ordination and Ion-pair Formation for R,S,R,S-1,4,8,11-Tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacycloteradecane-nickel(II) Perchlorate in Various Mixed Solvents with Nitrobenzene

Journal of Chemical Society Dalton Transaction


Basicity of Water in Organic Solvents (Nitromethane, Propane-1,2-diol Carbonate and Acetone) using the 1,4,8,11-Tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetra-azacycloteradecanenickel(II) Cation as a Probe of Electron-pair Acceptance

Journal of Chemical Society, Faraday Transaction 1


Basicity of Water Using the 1,4,8,11-Tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetra-azacycloteradecane Nickel(II) Cation as a Probe of Electron-pair Acceptance: Effects of Formation of Polymeric Water in Mixed Aqueous Solvents

Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University Series A


Effect of Lattice Anions on the Ligand Substitution Reaction of Tris(1,10-phenathroline)metal(II) Complexes:[M(phen)3]SO4and [M(pehn)3]X2 (M: Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II); X: Cl-, Br-, I-)

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan


Basicity of Water in Dipolar Aprotic Solvents using the 1,4,8,11-Tetramethyl-14,8,11-tetra-azacyclotetradecane Nickel(II) Cation as a Probe of Electron-pair Acceptance


四国の梶ヶ森山頂における樹氷，降雪，冬期降雨中の粒子状物質と黒色浮遊性物質

四国の梶ヶ森山頂における樹氷，降雪，冬期降雨中の粒子状物質と黒色浮遊性物質

Natural Science Research, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima

徳島大学総合科学部自然科学研究


多機能生態系支援コンクリートによる水質浄化効果の評価

多機能生態系支援コンクリートによる水質浄化効果の評価

第46回環境工学研究フォーラム講演集

第46回環境工学研究フォーラム講演集


トリス(1，10-フェナントロリン)鉄(Ⅱ)陽イオンのろ紙電気泳動

トリス(1，10-フェナントロリン)鉄(Ⅱ)陽イオンのろ紙電気泳動


アスコルビン酸を還元剤に用いるモリブデン青法の還元条件の最適化

アスコルビン酸を還元剤に用いるモリブデン青法の還元条件の最適化


化学平衡を演示するための自己酸化還元電池

化学平衡を演示するための自己酸化還元電池


ニクロム線を用いた電気加熱気化炎色反応

ニクロム線を用いた電気加熱気化炎色反応


電池の原理と構造を理解するための自己酸化還元電池

電池の原理と構造を理解するための自己酸化還元電池


マウスtsA640-トランスフォームドマクロファージに対するセレンの細胞毒性

マウスtsA640-トランスフォームドマクロファージに対するセレンの細胞毒性

鳥取大学医療技術短期大学部紀要

鳥取大学医療技術短期大学部紀要


リンモリブデン酸イオンを用いた炉紙電気泳動

リンモリブデン酸イオンを用いた炉紙電気泳動


Visual Confirmation of Water Formed by Acid-Base Reaction in Anhydrous System

水を含まない反応系における中和反応によって生成した水の視覚による確認


ノンサプレッサー型イオンクロマトグラフィーによるアルコール有機酸マトリックス中の塩化物イオン(Cl-)の定量