Effects of trigonelline-containing vitamin supplementation on noise exposure-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction

トリゴネリン含有ビタミンサプリメントの摂取が騒音暴露誘発性血管内皮機能低下に及ぼす影響

With the progress of industrialization, physical environmental factors, such as traffic and environmental noise, have been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Although antioxidant vitamins and trigonelline-containing compounds are known to improve the arterial function, their relationship with noise has not yet been fully investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral antioxidant vitamins and trigonelline-containing supplements on the vascular endothelial function during transient noise exposure. A single-blind crossover comparative study evaluated the vascular endothelial function in response to noise exposure in ten healthy men. Subjects were assigned to either the P trial (taking only a placebo) or a T trial (taking only trigonelline-containing vitamin supplementation) group where they took the assigned substance for 3 consecutive days. On the final day, they received an average noise exposure of 85 dB for 15 min. The FMD of the brachial artery was measured before and after noise exposure. No significant differences SBP, DBP, or HR before and after noise exposure were observed between the two trials groups. At 0 min after noise exposure, the FMD was higher in the T trial group than in the P trial group, and a significant difference was observed between the two conditions. It has been suggested that taking a vitamin supplement containing trigonelline before transient noise exposure may suppress the decline in the vascular endothelial function.

Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine


Effects of acute arm-cranking exercise with electrical muscle stimulation at different intensities on vascular endothelial function

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine


Effects of electrical stimulation of the lower extremities on postprandial hyperglycemia and arterial stiffness

To compare the acute effects of electrical stimulation (ES) of the lower extremities on postprandial hyperglycemia and arterial stiffness during oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT). In a randomized crossover study, eight healthy young men completed three experimental trials in which they underwent ES for 30 min, starting 60 min before (Before) or 30 min after (After) ingesting 75 g of glucose; ES was not performed in the control trial (Control). The subjects' blood glucose levels and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were measured as an index of arterial stiffness at baseline and 30, 60, and 120 min after glucose ingestion. Serum insulin levels were measured at baseline and 60 min after glucose ingestion. The subjects' glucose intake led to an increase in their blood glucose concentration in all trials, however, in the After trial, ES resulted in significantly lower blood glucose concentrations at 60 min post glucose ingestion compared to the Control and Before trials. The area under the curve (AUC) of serum insulin concentrations during the OGTT in the After trial was significantly lower than that in the other two trials. Moreover, glucose ingestion did not increase the baPWV, however, 30 min of ES during the postprandial state acutely reduced the baPWV. These results suggest that ES is most effective in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia when administered after a meal. Thus, lower extremity ES may be an alternative exercise method to activate postprandial glucose metabolism in healthy individuals.


下肢への骨格筋電気刺激による刺激様式の違いが動脈スティフネスに及ぼす影響

下肢への骨格筋電気刺激による刺激様式の違いが動脈スティフネスに及ぼす影響


ジャンプエクササイズ後の回復方法の違いが筋形状，血流量およびパフォーマンスに及ぼす影響

四国体育・スポーツ研究会

四国体育・スポーツ研究会


Effects of acute cycling with electrical muscle stimulation of lower limbs on arterial stiffness

一過性の自転車こぎ運動と下肢への電気刺激の併用が動脈スティフネスに及ぼす影響


Effect of electrical muscle stimulation on vascular endothelial function during prolonged sitting

While prolonged sedentary behaviors (SBs) increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, interrupting prolonged sitting (PS) with frequent light exercise reduces arterial functional decline. Skeletal muscle electrical stimulation (EMS) enhances peripheral circulation through passive muscle contraction, suggesting that EMS reduces CVD risk by providing an alternative to active exercise for prolonged SBs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of EMS to skeletal muscles during PS on the endothelial function of the brachial artery (BA). Study participants included 12 healthy adult men who were subjected to 15 min of supine rest, followed by 1 h of PS only (control [CON] trial), or 20 min of EMS to the lower extremities at 50% of the maximum tolerance intensity during PS (EMS trial). Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the BA was measured before and 30 min after PS, and normalized FMD (nFMD) was calculated. The nFMD of the CON trial significantly decreased 30 min after PS completion (6.21% ± 1.13%) compared with that before PS (7.26% ± 0.73%), and there was no significant change in the EMS trial before and after PS. The EMS trial showed a significant increase in the nFMD 30 min after PS completion (1.14 ± 0.77) compared with that before PS (0.84 ± 0.43). However, no significant difference was observed in the CON trials. Passive contraction of the lower extremity muscles by EMS increases BA nFMD, suggesting that prolonged sedentary lower extremity EMS use may reduce the risk of vascular endothelial dysfunction.


Effects of Acute Electrical Muscle Stimulation Applied to Different Parts of Lower Limb on Arterial Stiffness

下肢への電気刺激部位の違いが動脈機能に及ぼす影響


Effects of repetition exercise training on vascular endothelial function in healthy men


Effects of Combined Training with Regular Aerobic Exercise and Exertion of Force Task on the Ability to Coordinate Exertion of Force

定期的な有酸素性運動および筋力発揮調整能の課題を併用したトレーニングが筋力発揮調整能に及ぼす影響


Effects of arm-cranking training with electrical muscle stimulation on vessel function

This study aimed to determine whether arm-cranking training with electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) results in a greater improvement in vessel function than performing the same exercise without EMS. First, nine healthy young men performed two 20-min arm-cranking trials at 50% V O with and without EMS applied to the lower limbs. The flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the right brachial artery was measured using a high-resolution ultrasound device. Both FMD and normalized FMD were increased significantly after the arm-cranking with EMS trial, and significant differences were observed between the two trials. Second, 16 healthy adult men were randomly assigned to either the arm-cranking exercise training (A) group or arm-cranking training with EMS (A+EMS) group. The subjects were engaged in 20 min of arm-cranking at 50% V O twice a week for 8 weeks with/without EMS applied to the lower limbs. The FMD increased significantly after A+EMS training session and the FMD in A+EMS group was significantly higher than that in the A group. These results indicate that acute/chronic endurance arm-cranking with EMS applied to the lower limbs improves the brachial artery endothelial function more markedly than the same exercise without EMS.

International Journal of Sports Medicine


Effects of Aerobic Exercise before a Task on the Ability to Coordinate Exertion of Force

課題前の有酸素性運動が筋力発揮調整能に及ぼす影響

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic exercise before a task on the ability to coordinate exertion of force (ACEF). [Participants and Methods] Ten healthy males and 5 females performed two trials in a random order: 10-minutes cycling at 60%VO2 max (AE), and sitting without exercise (CON). The ACEF effect was evaluated using a continuous visual isometric grip task, and seven different force trials were performed 8 times each, a total of 56 times. [Results] In the AE trial the number of successful grip tasks significantly increased after 1 and 24 hours compared to the pre-test value; however, there were no significant changes in the CON trial. [Conclusion] Aerobic exercise before a task may enhance the promotion and retention of ACEF.

〔目的〕課題前の有酸素性運動が筋力発揮調整能に及ぼす効果について検討した．〔対象と方法〕対象者は，健常成人15名であり，すべての対象者は60%VO2 maxで10分間の自転車こぎ運動(aerobic exercise:AE)条件および安静座位のコントロール(control:CON)条件の2条件をランダムで実施した．筋力発揮調整能テストは，7つの強度をそれぞれ8回，計56回を無作為に実施した．〔結果〕AE条件における筋力発揮調整能の成功数は，実施1時間後および24時間後に実施前と比較して有意に増加した．CON条件では実施前と比較して有意な変化は認められなかった．〔結語〕課題前の有酸素性運動は筋力発揮調整能の促進および保持を向上させる可能性がある．


透析患者に対する透析中のベルト電極式骨格筋電気刺激が血管内皮機能に及ぼす影響

透析患者に対する透析中のベルト電極式骨格筋電気刺激が血管内皮機能に及ぼす影響

Japanese Journal of Electrophysical Agents


腰椎変性疾患における観血的治療前後の動脈スティフネスの変化に関連する因子の検討

腰椎変性疾患における観血的治療前後の動脈スティフネスの変化に関連する因子の検討


ビタミンCの摂取が一過性の加熱式タバコ喫煙後の動脈機能および酸化ストレスマーカーに及ぼす影響

Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine


一過性の上肢の有酸素性運動と骨格筋電気刺激の併用が血管内皮機能に及ぼす影響

一過性の上肢の有酸素性運動と骨格筋電気刺激の併用が血管内皮機能に及ぼす影響


Influence of repetition exercise requiring less work than continuous exercise on the vascular endothelial function

持続的運動と比較して仕事量を減少させたレペティション運動が血管内皮機能に及ぼす影響

High-intensity interval exercise leads to greater improvements in the vascular endothelial function than continuous exercise at moderate intensity. However, few studies have been performed on the effects of repetition exercise consisting of high-intensity exercise followed by complete rest on the arterial function. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of repetition exercise on the vascular endothelial function determined by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). Eleven healthy male subjects completed two exercise sessions on a cycle ergometer in a counterbalanced order. The exercise sessions were 20 min cycling at 50% maximal work rate (Wmax) (continuous exercise, CE) and 20 × 20-sec intervals at 100%Wmax interspersed with 40-sec intervals at complete rest (repetition exercise, RE). Before and after each protocol, the brachial systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured in the supine position. Relative FMD was assessed at rest and 30 and 60 min after each exercise regimen, and then the normalized FMD (nFMD) was calculated from the peak shear rate. The FMD significantly increased 30 min after RE (8.2 ± 1.5% to 11.5 ± 3.1%, p<0.01) and non-significantly increased 30 min after CE (7.5 ± 1.6% to 8.1 ± 2.1%, n.s.) before returning to baseline at 60 min after both exercise regimens. The FMD value at 30 min after RE was significantly greater than that at 30 min after CE (p<0.01). The nFMD (a.u.) significantly increased 30 min after RE (1.38 ± 0.64 to 2.00 ± 0.94, p<0.05) and non-significantly increased 30 min after CE (1.20 ± 0.54 to 1.49 ± 0.57, n.s.) before returning to baseline at 60 min after both exercise regimens. These results suggest that repetition exercise may lead to an acute improvement in the vascular endothelial function.


Influence of arm-cranking exercise with electrical muscle stimulation on arterial stiffness

一過性の上肢の有酸素性運動と骨格筋電気刺激の併用が動脈スティフネスに及ぼす影響

Endurance exercises such as cycling and running are useful for improving the arterial function and preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, subjects suffering from spinal cord injury (SCI) or lower limb osteoarthritis (OA) cannot perform these kinds of lower limb exercises. Recently, electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) has been shown to be able to increase the muscle strength and blood flow and improve the peripheral circulation. Arm-cranking exercises with EMS may therefore be able to reduce the risk of CVD for patients with SCI and lower OA. However, this point has not been fully clarified. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of submaximal arm-cranking exercise with EMS on arterial stiffness. Ten healthy young subjects performed submaximal arm-cranking exercise alone (A) and submaximal arm-cranking exercise with EMS (A+E). In the A+E trial, the submaximal arm-cranking exercise was performed at 30%VO2 max for 20 min while EMS was applied to their thigh and calf muscles during the exercise. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured before and after each exercise. Immediately after the exercise session, the HR of the subjects in the A+E trial was significantly elevated in comparison to those in the A trial. The SBP and DBP did not differ between the two trials to a statistically significant extent. In the A+E trial, the ba-PWV was significantly reduced immediately after exercise in comparison to the A trial (1082.6 ± 105.9 cm·sec-1 vs. 1191.7 ± 86.7 cm·sec-1, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that arm-cranking exercise with EMS reduces arterial stiffness and might be useful for reducing the risk of CVD.


Effect of vitamin C ingestion on the vascular endothelial function exposed to transient passive smoking

ビタミンCが一過性の受動喫煙時の動脈機能に及ぼす影響

As well as active smoking, passive smoking is associated with a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The antioxidant vitamin C may inhibit the unfavorable effects of passive smoking. In this study, we investigated the effects of vitamin C ingestion on changes in the flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) at the brachial artery in patients exposed to transient passive smoking. The study participants included seven healthy adult males who were examined by high-resolution ultrasonography of the brachial artery before and after 15-minute of passive smoking. FMD was used to examine the endothelial function. Randomized crossover controlled trial, measurements were performed on two different days 120-minute after the oral administration of 1000mg of ascorbic acid (VC trial) or a placebo (P trial). Although the FMD values decreased after passive smoking in both trials, the FMD values of the VC trial were higher than those of the P trial, with significant differences between the trials observed immediately and 30-minute after passive smoking. The results of this study suggested that the ingestion of vitamin C may suppress the decrease in the vascular endothelial function caused by transient passive smoking.


長時間座位行動時の休憩時に行う運動頻度の違いが血管内皮機能に及ぼす影響

長時間座位行動時の休憩時に行う運動頻度の違いが血管内皮機能に及ぼす影響


総仕事量を減少させた一過性のレペティション運動が血管内皮機能に及ぼす影響

総仕事量を減少させた一過性のレペティション運動が血管内皮機能に及ぼす影響


一過性の短時間の騒音曝露が血管内皮機能に及ぼす影響

一過性の短時間の騒音曝露が血管内皮機能に及ぼす影響

Journal of Shikoku Public Health Society


Moderate-intensity arm-cranking exercise may not improve arterial function in healthy adult men

Endurance exercises, such as cycling or running, are useful for improving arterial function. However, people suffering from partial paralysis or arthritis are unable to perform these kinds of lower-limb exercises. In the present study, we explored the acute effect of upper-arm exercise on arterial stiffness in healthy men. Fourteen healthy adult men performed two experimental trials. The order of experiments was randomized between a 30-min arm-cranking exercise at 50% V O (A-trial) and a 30-min leg-cycling exercise at 50% V O (C-trial). The brachial to ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), brachial systolic/diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were obtained with subjects in the supine position. The baseline hemodynamic values were not markedly different between the two trials. Compared with the baseline value, the baPWV was significantly reduced at 30 and 60 min after the C-trial. In the A-trial, however, there were no significant changes in the baPWV throughout the trial. These results indicate that acute 50% V O arm-cranking exercise induced relatively little change in the baPWV, which was the opposite of the finding observed with leg-cycling exercise. Therefore, in order to improve arterial function via aerobic upper-arm exercises, the exercise mode/intensity or other approaches should be considered.


Some adverse actions of chlorothalonil at sublethal levels in rat thymic lymphocytes: Its relation to Zn2+

Chlorothalonil, a polychlorinated aromatic fungicide, is considered non-toxic to small mammals. However, chlorothalonil inactivates sulfhydryl enzymes and depletes cellular glutathione. Chlorothalonil increases intracellular Zn2+ concentration ([Zn2+]i) in mammalian cells possibly because intracellular Zn2+ is released via zinc-thiol/disulfide interchange. The effects of chlorothalonil at sublethal concentrations on the cellular content of nonprotein thiols ([NPT]i) and [Zn2+]i were examined using flow cytometry in rat thymocytes. Low concentrations (0.3 1 µM) of chlorothalonil increased, but high concentrations (3 10 µM) decreased [NPT]i. These effects of chlorothalonil were partly attenuated by an intracellular Zn2+ chelator. Chlorothalonil at 0.3 10 µM increased [Zn2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner, which was largely dependent on the release of intracellular Zn2+. Both the decrease in [NPT]i and increase in [Zn2+]i increase the vulnerability of cells to oxidative stress. Chlorothalonil at 1 10 µM potentiated the cytotoxicity of H2O2 (300 µM). It was also the case for 10 µM pentachloronitrobenzene, but not 10 µM pentachlorophenol. In conclusion, chlorothalonil at low (sublethal) micromolar concentrations is cytotoxic to mammalian cells under oxidative stress.

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology


Effects of acute aerobic repetition exercise on the vascular endothelial function

レペティション形式の有酸素性運動が血管内皮機能に及ぼす影響

High-intensity interval exercise (IE) leads to greater improvements in the arterial function than continuous exercise at moderate intensity (CE). However, few studies have been performed on the effects of the repetition exercise (RE) on the vascular endothelial function. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of CE vs. IE vs. RE during aerobic exercise on the vascular endothelial function determined by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). Ten healthy male subjects randomly performed 3 trials as follows: CE (20-min cycling at 50%Wmax), IE (10 × 1-min intervals cycling at 75%Wmax interspersed with 1-min intervals cycling at 25%Wmax), and RE (30 × 20-sec intervals cycling at 100%Wmax interspersed with 20-sec intervals at rest). FMD was assessed at rest and 30 and 60 min after each exercise, and then the normalized FMD (nFMD) was calculated from the peak shear rate. The nFMD (a.u.) significant increased 30 min after IE (1.2 ± 0.2 to 3.0 ± 1.0, p<0.05) and increased 30 min after CE (1.0 ± 0.2 to 1.4 ± 0.2, n.s.) and returned to baseline at 60 min after both exercises, while the nFMD decreased 30 min after RE (1.3 ± 0.2 to 1.2 ± 0.1, n.s.) and was sustained at 60 min. The nFMD value at 30 min after IE was significantly greater than that at 30 min after RE (3.0 ± 1.0 versus 1.2 ± 0.1, p<0.05). These results suggest that RE may lead to a less improvement in the vascular endothelial function than CE and IE.


Cetylpyridinium chloride at sublethal levels increases the susceptibility of rat thymic lymphocytes to oxidative stress

Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is an antimicrobial agent used in many personal care products, with subsequent release into the environment. Since CPC is found at low concentrations in river and municipal wastewater, its influence on wildlife is of concern. Therefore, in this study, we used flow cytometry to examine the effects of sublethal concentrations of CPC on rat thymic lymphocytes in order to characterize the cellular actions of CPC at low concentrations in the presence and absence of H2O2-induced oxidative stress. CPC treatment increased the population of living cells with phosphatidylserine exposed on the outer surface of their plasma membranes (a marker of early stage apoptosis), elevated intracellular Zn2+ levels, and decreased the cellular content of nonprotein thiols. CPC also potentiated the cytotoxicity of H2O2. Our results suggest that, even at environmentally relevant sublethal concentrations, CPC exerts cytotoxic effects under oxidative stress conditions by increasing intracellular Zn2+ concentration and decreasing the cellular content of nonprotein thiols. These findings indicate that, under some in vitro conditions, CPC is bioactive at environmentally relevant concentrations. Therefore, CPC release from personal care products into the environment may need to be regulated to avoid its adverse effects on wildlife.


Correlation of functional fitness with arterial stiffness in community middle-aged and older women

地域在住中高齢女性の生活体力が動脈スティフネスに及ぼす影響

Habitual exercise is important for improving or maintaining the arterial function with age. However, the role of functional fitness on arterial stiffness in the elderly is unclear. This study was conducted to examine the relationships between functional fitness and arterial stiffness in elderly woman. Four hundred and seventy-nine elderly woman participated in the present investigation. The systolic/diastolic blood pressure and brachial to ankle pulse wave velocity were obtained in the supine position using an automatic pulse wave form analyzer. Four items of functional fitness (standing/sitting, walking, hand working, and self-care working) were assessed. The measurement variables were calculated for five chronological classifications (60~64, 65~69, 70~74, 75~79 and 80 yrs or over). The four items of functional fitness and brachial to ankle pulse wave velocity increased linearly with age. A multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that systolic blood pressure (β= 0.366), age (β= 0.225), heart rate (β= 0.188), body mass index (β= -0.102), and standing/sitting (β= 0.098) were independent contributors to brachial to ankle pulse wave velocity, accounting for 29.6% of the variability. The physical function, especially standing/sitting, influences the arterial function in elderly women.

Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine


動脈硬化と運動療法・スポーツ

動脈硬化と運動療法・スポーツ


Effects of exercise training on arterial stiffness in older hypertensive females

Regular physical exercise is recommended for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, it is unclear whether the effects of exercise training on arterial stiffness are the same in older hypertensive individuals as those observed in older healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of exercise training on arterial stiffness between older hypertensive and healthy females. Ninety-two females with untreated hypertension and 108 healthy females were randomly assigned to either the control group or to participate in a 12-week training program. In the training groups, the subjects engaged in 90 min of training twice a week for 12 weeks. Each training program included recreational activities, six to eight resistance exercises for circuit training and chair-based exercise for the lower extremities. The systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) and brachial to ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were obtained in the supine position using an automatic pulse wave form analyzer. Compared with that observed in the control group, greater reductions in the baPWV and SBP/DBP were achieved in both training groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant difference in the delta baPWV values obtained before and after training was noted between the hypertensive (-72.5 ± 8.1 cm s(-1)) and healthy females (-131.5 ± 107.3 cm s(-1)) who participated in the training program (P < 0.05). These data indicate that exercise training produces fewer improvements in arterial stiffness in older hypertensive females than in older healthy females.


Acute effect of fast walking on postprandial blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes


一過性の精油環境が動脈スティフネスおよび血管内皮機能に及ぼす影響

一過性の精油環境が動脈スティフネスおよび血管内皮機能に及ぼす影響


Effect of acute short-term high and moderate-intensity interval exercise on pulse wave velocity

短時間インターバル形式の一過性運動が脈波伝搬速度に及ぼす影響

Interval training has a beneficial effect for treating the cardiovascular disease. However, it is not clarify the effects of different exercise intensity and duration on arterial function. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of acute short-term high and moderate- intensity interval exercise on pulse wave velocity. Thirteen healthy men were randomly as- signed to perform both acute interval exercise (IE; cycling for 24.6 min at 80%V 4 O2max and 50%V 4 O2max) and acute continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME; cycling for 30 min at 50%V 4 O2max). The IE and CME protocols were designed such that the exercises resulted in the same workload during each session. The brachial systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and brachial to ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were obtained in the supine position using an automatic pulse wave form analyzer at pre- and post-exercise. In IE, baPWV at post- exercise decreased significantly compared with pre-exercise value (1181.9±119.2 cm sec-1 vs. 1108.4±109.4 cm sec-1, p<0.01). In CME, however, it was not significantly different between pre- and post-exercise values (1173.5±137.1 cm sec-1 vs. 1164.8±96.0 cm sec-1, p=ns). No significant differences in SBP and DBP were found both protocols. These results suggest that acute short-term high and moderate-intensity interval exercise was more effective in reducing baPWV compared with acute continuous exercise.


Calf Muscle Oxygenation During Treadmill Walking in People with Knee Osteoarthritis

変形性膝関節症患者における歩行時の下腿部の酸素動態の特性

[Purpose] In order to establish a useful rehabilitation program for knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients, we tried to measure calf muscle oxygenation at various walking speeds. [Methods] The subjects were 7 older females with knee OA (OA group) and 7 older females who were not suffering from OA (non-OA group). All subjects performed treadmill walking at three different speeds for 2 minutes each with a rest period in between. The walking speeds were: 75% free gait speed (75%FGS), free gait speed (100%FGS), and 125% free gait speed (125%FGS). We measured muscle oxygenation {blood volume (BV) and oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb)} at the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle (GM) and the tibialis anterior muscle (TA) using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The differences of BV and oxy-Hb (Δ) were calculated from the mean value ten seconds before the start of walking and the mean value ten seconds after the end of walking for each condition. [Results] In the OA group both BV and oxy- Hb of GM and TA showed no signi cant differences among the conditions. In the non-OA group, however, the oxy- Hb of TA showed signi cant differences between the 75%FGS and 125%FGS conditions. [Conclusion] The different muscle oxygen patterns of the OA and non-OA groups might be explained by differences in the calf muscle pumping action during gait.

〔目的〕本研究では，膝OA患者の歩行時の酸素動態の特性を明らかにすることを目的とした．〔対象および方法〕対象者は，膝OA群および非膝OA群ともに中高齢女性7名であり，3条件の歩行を実施した．測定は，前脛骨筋(TA)および腓腹筋内側(GM)における酸素化ヘモグロビン(oxy-Hb)および血液量(BV)の変化を連続的に測定し，各条件の歩行開始10秒前の平均値から歩行終了10秒前の平均値の差(Δ)を算出した．〔結果〕非膝OA群のGMのΔoxy-Hbにおいて75%自由歩行速度と比較し，125%自由歩行速度で著しい増加が認められた．〔結語〕膝OA群は，歩行速度にともない下腿のポンプ作用が効率的に作用せず，非膝OA群とは異なる酸素動態の特性が認められた．


指，腕を用いた運動プログラムが前頭前野の酸素動態に及ぼす影響

指，腕を用いた運動プログラムが前頭前野の酸素動態に及ぼす影響

四国体育・スポーツ学研究

四国体育・スポーツ学研究


一過性の受動喫煙が成人の血管内皮機能に及ぼす影響

一過性の受動喫煙が成人の血管内皮機能に及ぼす影響


Arterial function during various acute exercises

The decline in arterial function with aging is considered to be part of a physiological process reflecting elevated systolic blood pressure. However, the extent and rate of this decline can be manipulated by habitual exercise. In order to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases (CVD), various types of exercise are recommended. The purpose of this review is to introduce the current findings on the characteristic features of arterial function during acute exercise. Moderate intensity endurance exercise increases the arterial compliance, which has beneficial effects on arterial function. In contrast to endurance exercise, acute middle-high intensity resistance exercise, or acute eccentric exercise, has unfavorable effects on arterial function. Even in endurance exercise, however, a severe intensity of endurance exercise, such as ultra-marathon races decreases arterial compliance and moderate-intensity-arm-cranking increases arterial stiffness. These findings indicate that, in order to establish an optimal exercise prescription for keeping or improving arterial function, various factors, including the exercise mode, exercise intensity or exercise volume should be taken into consideration.

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine


An exercise program for improving and/or maintaining arterial function in middle-aged to older individuals

The decline in arterial function with aging is considered to be part of a physiological process reflecting elevated blood pressure. However, the extent and rate of this decline can be manipulated. Various types of exercise programs are recommended for improving and/or maintaining the arterial function in middle-aged to older individuals. To establish an optimal exercise prescription or guideline, it is necessary to determine the exercise mode, intensity, and frequency that provide the best outcomes. The purpose of this review is to introduce the potential of exercise for improving arterial function, and to review the exercise programs that can be used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Regular endurance training has beneficial effects in arterial function in middle-age and older people. In contrast to endurance training, high-intensity resistance training decreases arterial compliance, which indicates reduced arterial function. In the case of low-intensity resistance training, eccentric resistance training, or combined endurance and resistance training, arterial function is unchanged or improved after a few of months training. To establish an optimal exercise prescription, it is also necessary to determine the training frequency. A recent study indicated that two days per week of training resulted in a decrease in the pulse wave velocity. These findings indicate that, in order to improve and/or maintain arterial function during the aging process, endurance exercise, relative low-intensity resistance training, or a combination of both types of training at least two days per week for several weeks, should be recommended for middle-aged and older individuals.

Advances in Exercise and Sports Physiology


Changes in muscle hemoglobin during isometric exercise with vascular occlusion at varied occlusive pressure

異なる加圧による血流制限下での等尺性運動時の筋内ヘモグロビン量の特性


Correlation of self-reported physical activity with the pulse wave velocity in male adolescents

Habitual exercise is important for improving or maintaining arterial function with age. However, the role of physical activity on arterial stiffness in adolescents is unclear. This study evaluated the influence of physical activity on the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in high school students. The baPWV, brachial systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and body composition were assessed in 221 healthy male high school students (16.4 ± 1.5 yrs). Self-reported physical activity (PA) was evaluated by the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF). Measurement variables were calculated for four age stages (15, 16, 17, and 18 yrs). The values for baPWV, SBP and DBP increased from 15 to 18 yrs. Stepwise regression analysis showed that SBP (β = 0.496), PA (β = -0.170), age (β = 0.186), and weight (β = -0.133) were independent contributors to baPWV, accounting for 36.6% of the variability. These results support the concept that physical activity lowers baPWV, which indicates an improvement in the arterial function of adolescents as well as middle-aged to elderly people.


Oxygen Dynamics in the Masseter Muscle During Chewing and Swallowing of Test Foods with Different Texture

被検食の性状の違いによる咀嚼・嚥下時の咬筋酸素動態の特性

The Journal of Japan Society for Dental Hygiene


動脈機能を改善するための運動療法

動脈機能を改善するための運動療法

The decline in arterial function with aging is considered to be part of a physiological processreflected in elevated blood pressure reflectively decreased arterial function. However, the extentand rate of this decline can be manipulated. Various types of exercise programs are recommendedfor prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. To establish an exercise prescription/guideline, it is necessary to determine the exercise mode, intensity, frequency, or duration. Thepurpose of this review is to introduce the meanings of exercise for improving arterial function, andto review the exercise therapy for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.


Response of peripheral vascular system to cold pressor test measured using near infrared spectroscopy

The Journal of Japanese College of Angiology


Feed-forward changes in carotid blood flow velocity during active standing.

Orthostatic changes induce temporary loss of circulatory regulation. Feedback systems react to cardiovascular alterations to compensate for the instability. To clarify the existence of anticipatory cardiovascular regulation during active standing, we continuously recorded blood flow velocity (BFV) in the common carotid artery and cerebral blood volume (CBV) in healthy men. The maximum BFV value decreased significantly before standing in the reaction-time condition. The decrease significantly correlated with the change in systolic blood pressure that accompanies upright standing from a supine position. The anticipatory BFV decrease disappeared during self-paced standing, and all BFV parameters significantly declined after the self-paced standing. The CBV recording showed a significant increase in oxyhemoglobin levels before standing in the reaction-time condition. Our study suggests that some feed-forward cardiovascular regulation triggered by central command could be activated before standing, and it may play a functional role in the maintenance of cerebral perfusion during standing.


Influence of group training on pulse wave velocity in elderly women

定期的なグループトレーニングが中高齢者の脈波伝搬速度に及ぼす影響


A novel approach to evaluate the vessel function determined by near infrared spectroscopy

The purpose of this study was to evaluate arterial function by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). 16 elderly subjects were studied: 8 were arteriosclerosis obliterans patients (ASO), and 8 were healthy elderly (non-ASO). A cuff around the thigh was inflated to a pressure of 20% above their ankle systolic blood pressure for 3 min. The NIRS probe was positioned over the gatrocnemius muscle to measure oxygenated hemoglobin (O(2)Hb), and the recovery time and rate for DeltaO(2)Hb after occlusion were calculated. Compared with the non-ASO group, the ASO group had a longer recovery time (p < 0.05) and a shallower recovery rate gradient (p < 0.01). The ankle to brachial index was correlated with recovery time (r = -0.61, p < 0.01) and recovery rate (r = 0.80, p < 0.001). These data suggest that NIRS may provide an effective non-invasive method for evaluating arterial function in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology


ラジオ体操の継続が動脈機能に及ぼす影響

ラジオ体操の継続が動脈機能に及ぼす影響

ラジオ体操が身体機能，特に循環器機能に及ぼす影響について検討した．その結果，ラジオ体操自体は生体への負担度が低く，短期間のラジオ体操の介入では動脈スティフネスの改善は期待できないことが示された．また，高齢者ではラジオ体操を実施する会場へ歩行，自転車なので移動することで身体活動量が高くなり，それが動脈機能の改善に影響を及ぼすことが示唆された．

Journal of Shikoku Public Health Society


Influence of group training on arterial stiffness in elderly women

高齢女性を対象に異なる頻度のグループトレーニングが動脈スティフネスに及ぼす影響について検討した．その結果，動脈スティフネスの改善のためには最低でも週2日の運動頻度が必要なことが明らかになった．


Muscle Oxygenation, Myoelectric Activity and Oxygen Supply in the Thigh Area during Isometric Knee-extended Exercise

静的膝伸展時の大腿部における酸素動態，血流量および筋放電量の特性

静的膝伸展時の大腿部の酸素動態，筋放電量，大腿血流量との関係について明らかにしようとした．その結果，運動強度の増加にともない大腿動脈血流量は増加し，外側広筋と比較して大腿直筋での酸素消費および筋放電量の増加が著しいことが明らかになった．また，回復時の血流量の増加および酸素動態の変化から，大腿直筋への酸素供給の増大が示された．


Effects of chewing frequencies on oxygenation of masseter muscle and common carotid blood flow

咀嚼頻度の違いが咬筋の酸素動態および総頚動脈血流量に及ぼす影響

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of masseter muscle oxygen consumption and common carotid blood flow (BF) during various frequencies of chewing determined by a near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and an ultrasound Doppler. Nine healthy men were asked to chew a stick of gum at three different frequencies; 30times min-1 (F30), 60 times min-1 (F60), and 120 times min-1 (F120). During the trial, the NIRS probe was placed on the right masseter muscle, and the ultrasound transducer was placed on the right common carotid artery. With increasing frequency, deoxy-Hb, total-Hb and blood flow increased during chewing. Compared with F30, deoxy-Hb and BF increased significantly in both F60 and F120. In total-Hb, there were significant differences between F30 and F120, between F60 and F120. These results indicated that more oxygen was consumed by the masseter muscle and more oxygen was supplied to the brain with increasing frequency of chewing.


Oxygenation at frontal area during various tasks

簡易作業時の前頭部の酸素動態の特性-COGNOSCOPEによる検討-

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oxygenation at the frontal area during reading, calculation and finger-tasks determined by a near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Ten healthy subjects performed the following trials for 1 min; reading silently, reading aloud, simple calculation, difficult calculation, easy finger-tasks, and complicated finger-tasks. The NIRS-probe was placed over the frontal area. When comparing reading silently and aloud, oxygenated Hb (oxy-Hb) and blood volume (BV) were significantly larger during reading aloud. In case of calculations, oxy-Hb and BV were significantly larger during difficult calculation. For finger tasks, the level was significantly larger during the complicated tasks. These data suggested that various tasks such as reading, calculation and finger-task might be useful in the prevention of dementia.

The Journal of Japanese College of Angiology


Influence of low-intensity circuit training on artery stiffness in female

低強度のサーキットトレーニングが成人女性の動脈スティフネスに及ぼす影響

The aerobic training reduces the artery stiffness and systolic blood pressure. The anaerobic training such as resistance training, however, is associated with higher artery stiffness. We hypothesized that low-intensity circuit training might improve the large artery stiffness. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of long-term low-intensity circuit training on artery stiffness in sedentary women. Twenty healthy women divided into two groups (training group and control group). In the training group, subjects asked to perform the resistance exercises consisted of arm curls, bench presses, lateral pull-downs, leg presses and squats 3 days per week for 2 months. They conducted 5 sets at 30% of their 10RM. Aerobic capacity (ventilatory threshold [VT]), muscle strength, resting blood pressure, and arterial stiffness index (brachial - ankle Pulse Wave Velocity [baPWV]) were evaluated before and after training period. After the low-intensity circuit training, work rate at VT was significantly increased (108.6±25.6W to 128.1±24.3W). The baPWV was significantly decreased (988.7±80.5cm sec-1 to 895.7±62.6cm sec-1). In control group, however, there were no significant differences during same duration. These results suggested that long-term low-intensity circuit training attenuates the large artery stiffness in healthy women. This kind of exercise may have great potential to lower the risks of circulatory illness in aged men.

Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine


Relationship between muscle architectural features and oxygenation status determined by near infrared device

This study tested whether regional differences in oxygenation status could result from differences in muscle fiber architecture. Architectural properties, oxygen supply, and consumption in the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle (GM) were determined in vivo in six men using B-mode ultrasound and functional near infrared (NIR) imaging devices. Fascicle length, fascicle angle, NIR-O(2) saturation (deoxygenated Hb or oxygenated Hb), and NIR-blood volume (sum of deoxygenated and oxygenated Hb) were obtained in the distal and proximal portions of the GM at rest and during contraction. Exercise consisted of 2 min of standing plantar flexion at 1 Hz with an additional load of 50% of each subject's weight. Plantar flexion produced larger decreases (Delta: difference between rest and exercise values) in NIR-O(2) saturation [mean saturation (SD) of 0.14 (0.05) vs 0.07 (0.04) optical density units] and NIR-blood volume [mean saturation (SD) of -0.23 (0.08) vs -0.13 (0.04) optical density units] in the distal compared with the proximal portion ( P<0.05 for all comparisons). It also produced larger changes (Delta) in fascicle length [mean length (SD) of -16.5 (4.7) vs -8.2 (4.2) mm] and fascicle angle (mean angle (SD) of 10.8 (1.4) degrees vs 3.9 (2.1) degrees ] in the distal compared with the proximal portion ( P<0.05 for all comparisons). There were significant correlations between DeltaNIR-O(2 )saturation and Deltafascicle length ( r=-0.84, P<0.05), and between DeltaNIR-O(2) saturation and Deltafascicle angle ( r=-0.90, P<0.05), between DeltaNIR-blood volume and Deltafascicle length ( r=0.91, P<0.05), between DeltaNIR-blood volume and Deltafascicle angle ( r=-0.85, P<0.05). In conclusion, the plantar flexion exercise produced regional differences in oxygenation status consistent with regional differences in muscle architecture.


Application of multiple NIRS imaging device to the exercising muscle metabolism

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a developing technique that measures the balance between muscle oxygen consumption and oxygen supply that is noninvasive and potentially portable. Differential absorption of light in the 600-900 nm region detects the changes in small vessel hemoglobin oxygen saturation and blood volume. Recent developments include the combining of multiple light sources and photodetectors to provide `images' of oxygen saturation and blood volume of wide regions of muscle. Using multiple NIRS imaging device, we monitored localized muscle metabolism during various exercises in the field as well as in the laboratory. In healthy subjects, the regional differences in oxygen saturation and blood volume were detected in the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle during a standing plantar flexion exercise, consistent with differences in intramuscular pressure. Patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) showed slower recovery for both oxygenation and blood volume after exercise. Treatment for PAD resulted in improvements in NIRS-measured recovery times. In summary, NIRS devices have the ability to detect and monitor impaired muscle circulation. In addition, NIRS devices with multiple channels have the potential to evaluate the regional differences in oxygen status. Multiple NIRS imaging devices have the potential to play an important role in monitoring exercise prescription and clinical uses.


足関節底屈運動時の酸素動態に及ぼす膝用スポーツ装具の影響

足関節底屈運動時の酸素動態に及ぼす膝用スポーツ装具の影響

The knee braces offer a useful adjunct to the treatment and rehabilitation of ligamentous knee injuries. The knee brace, however, may compresses the soft tissue of the thigh and leg. The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle oxygen status with and without knee brace. Eight healthy men performed two trials with (Brace) and without knee brace (Control). Each trial consisted of 5 intermittent submaximal ankle planter flexion exercises for 1 min with 2-min recovery. Relative levels of HbO2/MbO2 (NIR-oxygenation) and Hb/Mb (NIR-deoxygenation) were measured in the medial head of gastrocnemius muscle using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR). NIR-oxygenation decreased and NIR-deoxygenation increased during contraction, and returned to resting level during recovery. In Brace trials, it was significantly different from control trials during contraction and recovery. The rate of recovery of NIR-oxygenation was slower in Brace than control trial. Knee brace produced higher deoxygenation level and slower recovery of O2 resaturation. Light surface compression (30 to 50mmHg) influences on the blood vessels, especially vein. O2 resaturation determined by NIR is a function of O2 delivery and utilization. This study suggests that the knee brace compressed the soft tissue of the thigh, such that exercise hyperemia was reduced and venous blood pooling was increased in the gastrocnemius muscle. External compression from knee brace might be responsible for premature muscle fatigue.


人の運動計測のための多チャンネル酸素動態測定システム

人の運動計測のための多チャンネル酸素動態測定システム

近赤外分光法を用いた多チャンネル測定システムによって人の酸素動態を画像化できる．各チャンネルでの測定対象までの深さは，個人や部位における脂肪層の厚さによって変化する．本論文では．発光素子と受光素子の間隔を自由に配置できる8チャンネルの測定システムを作製し，生体ファントムを用いて受光部に到達するフォトンの経路を明らかにした．また，生体での測定を行うことで，酸素動態計測に最適な発光部と受光部を明らかにした．

Journal of Japanese College of Angiology


Regional difference of muscle oxygen saturation and blood volume during exercise determined by near infrared imaging device

Using a near infrared (NIR) imaging device, we tested the hypothesis that regional differences in oxygen status could be detected in the gastrocnemius muscle during exercise and recovery. Six healthy subjects performed the standing plantar flexion exercises for 2 min; the frequency was one contraction per second. The NIR imaging device was placed over the medial head of the right gastrocnemius muscle and the signals from two optical sensors located, respectively, on the middle proximal and middle distal portions were used. The NIR-O2 saturation (difference between deoxygenated and oxygenated Hb signals) and NIR-blood volume (sum of the oxygenated and deoxygenated Hb signals) were calculated in optical density units. Plantar flexion resulted in more deoxygenation during exercise and more reoxygenation during recovery in the distal portion compared with the proximal portion. The changes in NIR-O2 between rest and 2 min-exercise, and between 2 min-exercise and 3 min-recovery were 0.11 and -0.23, respectively, in the distal portion, which were significantly larger than proximal values (0.05 and 0.10, p<0.05). Plantar flexion resulted in lower NIR-blood volumes during exercise and greater recovery of blood after exercise in the distal portion compared to the proximal portion. The changes in NIR-blood volume between rest and 2 min-exercise, and between 2 min-exercise and 3 min-recovery were 0.19 and 0.31, respectively, in the distal portion, which were significantly larger than proximal values (-0.07 and 0.12, p<0.05 for all comparisons). These findings indicate that the distal portion of the medial gastrocnemius had larger changes in NIR-O2 saturation and NIR-blood volume than the proximal portion. This is consistent with the distal portion having greater impairment of blood flow possibly due to the higher intramuscular pressure during exercise. In conclusion: 1) regional differences in oxygen status in the gastrocnemius muscle were detected with exercise, with the distal portion having greater NIR-O2 saturation and NIR-blood volume changes, and 2) the NIR imaging device might be a useful method to detect the regional differences of oxygen status in the muscle.


Exercised-induced changes in oxygen status in calf muscle of elderly subjects with peripheral vascular disease using functional near infrared imaging machine

The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of functional near infrared (fNIR) imaging machine as a tool to identify the peripheral vascular disease. This machine is able to measure regional differences in blood volume (sum of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin) and oxygen saturation over 4x10 cm area of muscle. Six patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD group) and six elderly subjects without any disease (Healthy group) were participated as subjects. They performed the one-legged standing plantar flexion exercise for 1 min; the frequency was one contraction per 5 sec. The probe was placed over the medial head of gastrocnemius muscle. The PVD group had a larger decrease in blood volume and oxygen saturation during 1-min exercise compared with Healthy group. After exercise, the recovery time (T1/2) of blood volume and oxygen saturation was slower in the PVD compared to the Healthy group. T1/2 in two of PVD subjects improved after taking the medication. In conclusion: 1) PVD patients showed changes in oxygen status consistent with their disease, 2) T1/2 demonstrated sensitivity to change during treatment of PVD patients, and 3) this fNIR imaging machine can be a valuable tool for the clinical assessment of PVD.

多チャンネル型近赤外分光装置を利用して，閉塞性動脈硬化症(PAD)患者の症状を診断することができるかどうか，検討した．その結果，PAD患者に立位足関節底屈運動を実施させたところ，回復時の腓腹筋の酸素化Hbおよび血液量の変化が健常者に比べて遅いこと，また，症状レベルに応じて回復率に差がみられることが明らかになった．


Relationship among oxygenation, myoelectric activity, and lactic acid accumulation in vastus lateralis muscle during exercise with constant work rate

自転車こぎ運動時の外側広筋における酸素化レベルが筋放電量および血中乳酸濃度に依存するかどうかを明らかにしようとした．その結果，活動部位の筋放電量および血中乳酸濃度は近赤外分光装置で得られたoxy-Hb/Mbに影響を及ぼすことが明らかになった．

International Journal of Sports Medicine


Validity for measuring skeletal muscle oxygen status using functional near infrared imaging machine

骨格筋酸素動態を測定する上でのfunctional Near Infrared Imaging装置の有効性

我々が開発した多ch型骨格筋酸素動態画像処理装置の有効性を明らかにしようとした．In vitroにおいて装置の信頼性を確認した後に，人の腓腹筋内側部および外側部の酸素動態の変化を観察し，不均一性を証明した．

Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine


Characteristic feature of oxygen cost at simulated triathlon test in trained triathletes

トライアスリートの競技レベルとシミュレーションテスト時の呼吸循環応答の関係について検討した．その結果，成績上位の選手は成績下位の選手と比べてランニングステージにおける酸素摂取量，換気量，心拍数，深部温の増加が小さい事が明らかになった．

The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness


Relationsihip between oxygenation and myoelectric activity at vastus lateralis and lateral gastrocnemius muscles

自転車こぎ運動時の外側広筋および腓腹筋外側部における酸素化と筋放電量との関係

自転車こぎ運動時の外側広筋および腓腹筋外側部における酸素化および筋放電量の関係を検討した．その結果，oxy-Hb/Mbの変化とiEMGの変化との間に有意な相関関係が認められた．したがって，運動強度の増加にともなう両筋群間の酸素化の違いは筋活動量の増加パターンの違いに起因することが推察された．


Economy during a simulated laboratory test of triathlon is highly related to Olympic distance triathlon

トライアスロンの競技成績とシミュレーションテスト時のエコノミーとの関係について検討した．その結果，自転車およびランニングステージにおけるエコノミーと競技成績との間に有意な相関関係が認められた．したがって，VO2maxの大きさ，シミュレーションテスト時のVO2の増加程度，つまりエコノミーが競技成績を予測する上で重要な因子になることが明らかになった．


クロスカントリースキーヤーにおける競技performanceと脚の等速性筋出力の関係

クロスカントリースキーのキック動作の主体となる股および膝関節の伸展·屈曲，足関節の底背屈時のピークトルク，筋出力の維持率と競技成績との関係について検討した．その結果，中距離トラックランナーと比べて，足関節の底背屈時のピークトルクおよび筋持久力の指標である維持率が大きい傾向がみられた．また，競技成績には足関節の底屈時のピークトルクおよび維持率の貢献が大きいことが明らかになった．


Effects of jump training on bone hypertrophy in young and old rats

3，6，12，30および27ヶ月齢ラットをジャンプトレ―ニング群，ランニングトレーニング群，コントロール群に分けて8週間，週5日の頻度でトレーニングを行わせた．その結果，ジャンプトレーニング群の方が骨径が大きく，トレーニングによる骨の肥大の効果が大きいこと，また，骨の肥大に及ぼすトレーニングの効果には年齢は影響しないことが示された．


トライアスロン競技をシミュレーションした際の運動後半にみられる呼吸循環応答の特性

トライアスロン競技を実験室内でシミュレーションし，その際の呼吸循環応答の特性を明らかにしようとした．その結果，シミュレーション後半において，VO2の増大，HRの増加，呼吸効率の低下といった特異的な応答がみられた．したがって，トライアスリートの有効なトレーニング方法の一つとしてでは，これらの特異的な応答を経験するためにも2∼3種目を続けてトレーニングすることが示唆された．


酸素摂取量の実測による車いすテニスの運動強度について

酸素摂取量の実測による車いすテニスの運動強度について

車いすテニスの試合中のVO2を実測し，運動強度を明らかにしようとした．その結果，試合中の%VO2maxは62.6%，%HRmaxは69.9%であった．したがって，車いすテニスは車いすでの生活を余儀なくされた障害者の心肺持久力の維持·改善する上で有効と考えられた．


トライアスリートの最大酸素摂取量およびventilatory thresholdの特性

トライアスリートの水泳，自転車こぎ運動およびランニング時のVO2maxおよびventilatory thresholdの特性，競技成績との関係を明らかにしようとした．その結果，運動様式の違いによるVO2maxおよびventilatory thresholdの差が一般人に比べて小さいこと，自転車こぎ運動およびランニング時のVO2maxおよびventilatory thresholdは競技成績(合計時間)に大きく貢献する因子であることが明らかになった．


クロスカントリースキー選手の最大下「腕+脚」運動時にみられる心肺応答の特性

クロスカントリースキー選手の最大下「腕+脚」運動時にみられる心肺応答の特性

クロスカントリースキー選手の「腕+脚」運動時の生理的特性を明らかにするために，腕と脚にクランクおよびペダリング運動を同時に負荷し，その際の呼吸循環応答をランナーと比較した．その結果，クロスカントリースキー選手の方が腕への相対的負荷の割合が増加しても，呼吸効率および機械的効率をよく保つことが明らかになった．


他者への運動スキルの教示が運動学習効果の保持に及ぼす影響

他者への運動スキルの教示が運動学習効果の保持に及ぼす影響

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of teaching motor skills to others on the survivability of motor learning effects. 20 healthy adults were randomly assigned to two conditions a teaching conditions and reading a magazine condition (control conditions). The number of times of turning was measured before and after each condition. In both conditions, the number of ball rotations and the number of improvements increased 30 minutes after the task was completed compared to before the task. Additionally, the number of improvements in ball rotation was significantly higher in the teaching condition than in the control condition. In the teaching condition, the number of ball turnings significantly increased 30 minutes after the end of the condition compared to before the condition. These results suggested that task for teaching motor skill to others might be useful for improving motor learning.

Journal of Human Sciences and Arts, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究


喫煙習慣の有無が一過性運動時の血管内皮機能に及ぼす影響

喫煙習慣の有無が一過性運動時の血管内皮機能に及ぼす影響


一過性の非燃焼加熱式たばこの喫煙が動脈機能および酸化ストレスマーカーに及ぼす影響について

四国大学人間科学研究所年報

四国大学人間科学研究所年報


Effect of Smoking Habits on Arterial Function in Young Adult Male

若年成人男性の喫煙習慣が動脈機能に及ぼす影響について

四国大学人間生活科学研究所年報

四国大学人間生活科学研究所年報


Effects of short term group training on arterial stiffness in older hypertensive women

Advances in Exercise and Sports Physiology


定期的な運動介入が高齢者の血管内皮機能に及ぼす影響

定期的な運動介入が高齢者の血管内皮機能に及ぼす影響

高齢者を対象に定期的な運動介入が血管内皮機能に及ぼす影響をについて検討した．その結果，週2回の頻度で3ヶ月間運動を実施することで，血管内皮機能の指標である冷却反応時の総頸動脈の血管径の拡張反応が示された．したがって，高齢者であっても短期間のトレーニングで血管内皮機能が改善することが示された．

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究


Effects of stretch-shortening cycle exercise to exhaustion on the contractile properties of the triceps surae muscle and injury-related parameters

疲労困憊に至る伸張-短縮サイクル運動が下腿三頭筋の収縮特性及び損傷指標に及ぼす影響

The repeated heel-raiseis a typical stretch-shortening cyc1e (SSC) exercise. The exercise is not only performed in resistance training but also used for evaluating muscular strength in c1inical settings. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of repeated heel-raise exercise to a volitional exhaustion on contractile properties of the triceps surae muscle and parameters reflecting muscle injury.Five Healthy university students with no orthopedic disorders served as subjects. Each subject performed two exercises. ln SSC condition，the subjects repeated the SSC exercise every 2 seconds to volitional exhaustion. ln the IS0 condition，they repeated the same number of an isometric exercise as that of the SSC exercise.In the SSC condition，the subjects exhausted after repeating the exercise 28.6 times. At exhaustion，maximal torque developing capacity decreased significantly and the decrease was accompanied by a tendency of a lower median power frequency of the EMG signals. A significantly higher lactate concenlration was also observed. On the other hand，the ISO exercise induced no significant changes in these parameters.In the SSC condition，the decreased maximal torque developing capacity at exhaustion remained one hour and even one day following the exhausting exercise. The circumference of the lower extremity became larger significantly at exhaustion as compared with the pre-exercise values and remained higher one hour and one day after the exercise. The pressure threshold for pain in the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle and the muscle-tendon junction of the triceps surae muscle became significantlylower compared with pre-exercise value one hour or one day following the exercise. Muscle painevaluated using visual analog scale f1uctuated and the higher value was observed at exhaustion and one day after SSC exercise. ln the ISO condition，no significant changes in these parameters were observed.The results of the present study indicated that the SSC exercise had more profound effects oncontractile properties， myo-electrical signals and injury-related parameters than the ISO exercise.Furthermore, the results suggest that，even in a relatively small number of repetitions，repeated heel-raise, at ypical SSC exercise，induces as light muscle injury.

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究


Research of the walking and/or running for raising quality of life(QOL)

生活のQOLを高めることを目指したウオーキング・ランニングの在り方に関する総合的研究

A walking and/or running for raising quality of life (QOL) was studied from the face of exercise physiology，exercise biochemistry，sport sociology. Three experiments and a survey were carried out to achieve the purpose. The results were summarized as follows:1) The running program in the long time was effective in the decrease of body fat percentage， the decrease of body weight as overweight person， and also in the increase of muscular endurance.2) Appropriate BMI and muscular endurance are important for the marathon race.3) Accelerometer steps per day did not significantly for correlate to body composition，health-related parameters in blood or serum adipocytokine levels.4) Each subject ofthe walk exercise must be examined from the coordination ability.5) A exercise class rises the Self-efficacy(SE)，and the individual group activity iseffective to maintain the SE.

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究


Oxygen consumption and supply during physical activity

身体活動時の酸素消費および供給の特性

Bulletin of research institute of health and sport science Chukyo University


Hyperoxic training results in greater and earlier training effects than normoxic training

全身持久性のperformanceを改善する上で，4週間の高酸素気吸入による身体トレーニングの有効性について検討した．その結果，高酸素気吸入による身体トレーニングの方が正常気吸入によるトレーニングよりもVO2maxの改善が大きく，また，最大下運動時の同一強度での呼吸交換率，血中乳酸濃度が低かった．したがって，高酸素気吸入の身体トレーニングは短期間で効果的なトレーニング効果を生じることが明らかになった．

Research Journal of Physical Education Chukyo University


長時間の自転車こぎ運動時における糖質摂取パターンの違いがパフォーマンスと代謝に及ぼす影響

持久的運動時に糖質摂取パターンの違いが運動中の代謝および運動後の全力運動のperformanceに及ぼす影響をみた．その結果，運動の前半に糖質を補給した方が血糖値を高く維持できること，摂取パターンを変えても運動後の全力運動のperformanceには影響を及ぼさないことが明らかになった．

Journal of Human Sciences and Arts, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究


自転車こぎ運動時の大腿および下腿部のoxy(Hb+Mb)の変化パターンについて

自転車こぎ運動時の大腿および下腿部のoxy(Hb+Mb)の変化パターンについて

近赤外分光装置を用いて自転車こぎ運動時の外側広筋および腓腹筋外頭筋の変化の特性を明らかにしようとした．その結果，外側広筋のoxy(Hb+Mb)の変化は40∼50%VO2maxまでは安静レベルを保ち，それ以上の強度になると直線的に低下し，疲労困憊付近では再び定常状態を保つ傾向がみられた．腓腹筋外頭筋では60∼70%VO2maxまでは安静レベルを保ち，70%VO2max以上になると急激に低下する傾向がみられた．したがって，漸増負荷法による自転車こぎ運動時の大腿および下腿部のoxy(Hb+Mb)の変化パターンには大きな違いがみられた．

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究


異なる水温下での水中歩行時の呼吸循環応答

異なる水温下での水中歩行時の呼吸循環応答

水温25℃および33℃条件下での流水プールを用いての水中歩行が呼吸循環応答に及ぼす影響を明らかにしようとした．その結果，水温25℃条件下では同一VO2におけるHRが，水温33℃条件下よりも低い傾向がみられた．したがって，水中歩行の運動処方，特に運動強度の設定において，水温の影響を十分に考慮する必要が示された．


初期短時間高強度運動がその後の軽強度運動での代謝に及ぼす影響

初期短時間高強度運動がその後の軽強度運動での代謝に及ぼす影響

短時間の高強度運動直後に50%VO2maxで30分間運動した際の呼吸交換率，HRの応答の特性を明らかにしようとした．その結果，初期短時間高強度運動後の軽運動時の呼吸交換率が低い傾向がみられ，脂質代謝の増大が示唆された．

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究


複合種目連続トレーニングが長時間運動時の呼吸循環応答に及ぼす影響

複合種目連続トレーニングが長時間運動時の呼吸循環応答に及ぼす影響

自転車こぎ運動およびランニングで構成される複合種目連続トレーニングが複合種目連続運動時の呼吸循環応答に及ぼす影響を明らかにしようとした．2種目を連続に運動する群(連続トレーニング群)と別々に運動する群(分割トレーニング群)が週3回，4週間のトレーニングを行った．その結果，トレーニング後，連続トレーニング群の方が分割トレーニング群よりも呼吸循環系のdriftの低下が小さい傾向がみられた．したがって，複合種目連続トレーニングはトライアスロンなどのperformanceを改善する上で有効なトレーニング方法の一つになると考えられた．

徳島大学総合科学部人間科学研究


富士登山時における心拍応答と急性高山病

富士登山時における心拍応答と急性高山病

富士登山を安全で快適に楽しむためのガイドライン作成の手掛かりを得るために，富士登山時の心拍応答の特性を明らかにしようとした．その結果，急性高山病症状を訴えない被検者では平均50∼60%HRRであったのに対して，急性高山病症状を訴えた被検者では高い心拍水準を示していた．したがって，富士登山の登板ペースとしては50∼60%HRRを超えないように計画することが望ましいと考えられた．

静岡大学教養部研究報告(自然科学編)

静岡大学教養部研究報告(自然科学編)


トレーニングと加齢が骨に及ぼす影響Ⅱ

トレーニングと加齢が骨に及ぼす影響Ⅱ

ランニングトレーニングが若齢および老齢ラット(20および27ヶ月齢)の骨に及ぼす影響を明らかにしようとした．その結果，若齢ラットでは大腿骨および下腿骨の骨長，骨径，骨重量の増加が顕著にみられたが，老齢ラットではその効果がみられなかった．したがって，成人期において適切なランニングトレーニングにより，骨に対してのトレーニング効果が期待できると考えられた．


トレーニングと加齢が骨に及ぼす影響

トレーニングと加齢が骨に及ぼす影響

ランニングトレーニングが若齢ラット(6ヶ月齢)および老齢ラット(20ヶ月齢)の骨に及ぼす影響を明らかにしようとした．その結果，若齢ラットでは大腿骨および下腿骨の骨長，骨径，骨重量の増加がみられたが，老齢ラットではその効果がみられなかった．したがって，老齢ラットでは若齢ラットと同様な骨へのトレーニング効果が生じないことが明らかになった．