Tokushima University / Educator and Researcher Directory --- Obara, Shigeru

Field of Study

○	Exercise Physiology
○	Exercise Physiology

Subject of Study

○	身体の各種環境，条件への適応能の研究 (environment, 運動, blood pressure, 高齢者, metabolism, heart, 身体機能, エネルギー消費) (運動時の呼吸循環器系の応答や食事の影響などにつて研究している．加齢に伴う身体機能の変動についての研究．)
○	運動時の血圧応答, 中高年者の身体機能評価, 運動時のエネルギー代謝 (有酸素的運動, 収縮期血圧, 拡張期血圧, 血管機能, 心臓機能, 高齢者, 身体機能, 生活活動, 糖代謝, 脂肪代謝, 運動強度) ((1)運動によって心拍出量が増大する．しかし，抹消血管は拡張する．前者は血圧上昇作用を示し，後者は血圧降下作用を示す．運動時の血圧応答は心臓血管系の個人特性が含まれており，疾病予防として安全で効果的な運動のあり方を検討する上で重要な生体情報である．(2) 高齢化社会を乗り越える一つの方法が，高齢者自身の身体機能を良い状態に保ち，自立できる身体を保持することである．そのために日常生活活動と身体機能との関係を調べ，どの程度の身体機能水準を保てば，高齢者のQOLを低下させずに生活できるかを研究する．(3)運動によりエネルギー消費量は増大するが，代謝は運動強度と運動前の食事の内容によって変化する．この点について運動処方の立場から食事と運動強度の関係について研究する．)

Book / Paper

Book:

1.	Toshio Tanaka and Shigeru Obara : くらしの中の健康運動(改訂), 株式会社大学教育出版, Okayama, Nov. 2004.
2.	井形高明, Hideo Araki, Shigeru Obara, 松岡優 and 他10名 : 若い力を培うスポーツ医科学, 財団法人徳島県体育協会, Tokushima, Mar. 2004.
3.	Toshio Tanaka, Shigeru Obara, Hideki Matoba, Takeshi Miura, Mitsuhiro Sato, Jin Nagazumi, Takahisa Minami, Atsunori Matsui, Shinsuke Katoh, 芳嗣武田, Shunji Nakano, 隆司梅原, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Masafumi Fujita and 永輝范 : くらしの中の健康運動, 大学教育出版, Okayama, Nov. 2000. (Keyword) 健康運動 / ニュースポーツ / 生涯スポーツ

Academic Paper (Judged Full Paper):

1.	Toru Adachi, Shigeru Obara and Tetsuo Yamaguchi : 持久性運動後の血糖変動から糖尿病リスクを検出できるか?, Journal of Running Science, Vol.29, No.1, 1-15, 2017. (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520853832058972032 (CiNii: 1520853832058972032)
2.	Motoshi Masuda, Takahiro Emoto, Asato Suzuki, Masatake Akutagawa, Tomoki Kitawaki, Kazuyoshi Kitaoka, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Shigeru Obara, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shinsuke Konaka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Evaluation of blood flow velocity waveform in common carotid artery using multi-branched arterial segment model of human arteries, Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, Vol.8, No.6, 509-519, 2013. (Summary) Arteriosclerosis is considered to be a major cause of cardiovascular diseases, which account for approximately 30% of the causes of death in the world. We have recently demonstrated a strong correlation between arteriosclerosis (arterial elasticity) and two characteristics: maximum systolic velocity (S1) and systolic second peak velocity (S2) of the common carotid artery flow velocity waveform (CCFVW). The CCFVW can be measured by using a small portable measuring device. However, there is currently no theoretical evidence supporting the causes of the relation between CCFVW and arterial elasticity, or the origin of the CCFVW characteristics. In this study, the arterial blood flow was simulated using a one-dimensional systemic arterial segments model of human artery in order to conduct a qualitative evaluation of the relationship between arterial elasticity and the characteristics of CCFVW. The simulation was carried out based on the discretized segments with the physical properties of a viscoelastic tube (the cross-sectional area at the proximal and terminal ends, the length, and the compliance per unit area of the tube (CS)). The findings obtained through this study revealed that the simulated CCFVW had shape similar characteristics to that of the measured CCFVW. Moreover, when the compliance CS of the model was decreased, the first peak of the simulated-CCFVW decreased and the second peak increased. Further, by separating the anterograde pulse wave and the reflected pulse wave, which form the CCFVW, we found that the decrease in the first peak of the simulated CCFVW was due to the arrival of a reflected pulse wave from the head after the common carotid artery toward the arrival of a anterograde pulse wave ejected directly from the heart and that the increase in the second peak resulted from the arrival of the peak of the reflected pulse wave from the thoracic aorta. These results establish that the CCFVW characteristics contribute to the assessment of arterial elasticity. (Keyword) Common carotid / Hemodynamics / Fluid simulation / Artery segments model / Artery elasticity (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.bspc.2013.05.005 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-84878849060 (DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2013.05.005, Elsevier: Scopus)
3.	Masaki Takahashi, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Hideki Matoba, Sizuo Sakamoto and Shigeru Obara : Effects of different Intensities of endurance exercise on oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity, The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Vol.1, No.1, 183-189, 2012. (Summary) The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three different intensities of exercise on oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. Eight healthy male subjects performed three different intensities of exercise for 20 minutes: (1) 70% anaerobic threshold (AT) (light intensity, LI), (2) 100% AT (moderate intensity, MI), and (3) 130% AT (high intensity, HI) on a cycle ergometer. A control (C) trial was conducted under resting conditions. Blood samples were taken pre-exercise, immediately and 30 min after exercise. In the HI trial only, the concentrations of plasma derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) were significantly higher immediately (P<0.01) and 30 min after exercise (P<0.05) than at pre-exercise. Furthermore, plasma trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity was significantly higher immediately after exercise in the HI trial (P<0.01). And, plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was significantly higher immediately after exercise than at pre-exercise in the MI (P<0.05) and HI trials (P<0.01). These data suggest that 20 min of pedaling exercise above the AT level may increase ROS production, while endogenous enzyme activity (especially GPX activity) or non-enzymatic antioxidants may modulate exercise-induced ROS generation. Thus, exercise under the AT level induces very little oxidative stress damage in young people. (Keyword) oxidative stress / neutrophils / exercise intensity (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.7600/jpfsm.1.183 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1390001205415942144 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.7600/jpfsm.1.183 (DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.1.183, CiNii: 1390001205415942144)
4.	高橋将記, Hideki Matoba, Masayuki Satake, Kenichi Maeda and Shigeru Obara : Relationship among 10km run-induced fatigue, oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in middle-aged runners, Journal of Running Science, Vol.23, No.1, 29-36, 2011. (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520009408262919040 (CiNii: 1520009408262919040)
5.	高橋将記, 鈴木克彦, Hideki Matoba, Masayuki Satake, 坂本静夫 and Shigeru Obara : 中等度強度以下の持久性運動が血中の活性酸素生成および白血球活性化マーカーに及ぼす影響, Japanese Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol.8, No.1, 25-28, 2011. (Summary) The purpose of this study was to examine effects of moderate-intensity endurance exercise on reactive oxygen species production and leukocyte activation markers in young and middle-aged persons. Blood samples were collected before and after the jogging of 10 km. Although cytokines recruiting and priming neutrophils and monocytes were released into the circulation and functional after the jogging of 10 km, reactive oxygen metabolites-derived compounds (d-ROMs) were not significantly increased. It was indicated that chemokines and leukocyte activation markers at rest were increased with aging, and that might be accompanied by the higher level of d-ROMs in the elderly. (Keyword) reactive oxygen species / cytokine / aging (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1625/jcam.8.25 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1390001205218667776 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1625/jcam.8.25 (DOI: 10.1625/jcam.8.25, CiNii: 1390001205218667776)
6.	NISHIMURA Kazuki, YOSHIOKA Akira, TAKAHARA Terumasa, SEKI Kazutoshi and Shigeru Obara : Relationship among first heart sound amplitude, double product and cardiac parasympathetic nervous system modulation during graded exercise, Advances in Exercise and Sports Physiology, Vol.16, No.4, 117-122, 2011. (Summary) The present study was conducted to determine the relationships among the breaking point of first heart sound amplitude (HSBP), double product breaking point (DPBP) and the breaking point of log HF (HFBP) in graded exercise. Twelve healthy Japanese males volunteered to participate in the present study. All subjects gave their informed consent prior to participation in this study. Each subjects performed graded exercise consisting of 90 seconds of exercise at pedaling rate of 60rpm on an electrically braked cycle ergometer. The intensity of exercise was started at 10 watts and was increased 10 watts at every step of the graded exercisd presse. Heart rate (HR), heart sounds amplitude (HS), blooure and cardiac autonomic nervous system activity were measured at each exercise step. The subjects were instructed to stop the exercise when their RPE was reached 15-16 or when the HR reached 160bpm. The HSBP, DPBP and HFBP were calculated. HR, SBP, DP and HS were increased with increased workload. The log HF decreased with increasing workload. We observed significant relationships between DPBP and HSBP, and between DPBP and HFBP. In addition, there were significant relationships between HSBP and HFBP. The HFBP was significantly lower than DPBP and HSBP. The present study reports the following new findings: in graded exercise, the DP, HS and log HF exhibited similar response characteristics; the workload for the HFBP correlated significantly with the workload for DPBP and for HSBP, and was reached at a lower exercise intensity than the workload for DPBP and for HSBP. These data suggested it is evident that, in graded exercise, double product, the first heart sounds and cardiac parasympathetic nervous system modulation are interacted and that cardiac parasympathetic nervous system activity is attenuated before the anaerobic threshold is reached. (Keyword) first heart sound amplitude / double product / cardiac parasympathetic nervous system modulation / anaerobic threshold / graded exercise (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520009409933319168 (CiNii: 1520009409933319168)
7.	松田拓朗, 坂井洋子, 平尾紀子, 清永明, Shigeru Obara and 田中宏暁 : Evaluating heart sound break point by MD recorder for applying tailor made exercise prescription in community based health promotion program, Japanese Journal of Health Promotion, Vol.12, No.1, 23-28, 2010. (Keyword) 運動処方 / 運動強度 / health (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520009409765087488 (CiNii: 1520009409765087488)
8.	Takuro Matsuda, Hideaki Kumahara, Shigeru Obara, Akira Kiyonaga, Munehiro Shindo and Hiroaki Tanaka : The First Heart Sound Immediately after Exercise as an Index of Exercise Stress, International Journal of Sport and Health Science, Vol.6, 213-218, 2009. (Summary) INTRODUCTION. This study investigated whether the amplitude of the first heart sound (AHS-1) and the diastolic time (DT) recorded immediately after exercising could be related to those values during exercise.METHODS. Nine male volunteers (24.6±2.9 years old) participated in this study. A discontinuous graded exercise test was performed on an electrically braked cycle ergometer. The external phonocardiograms were recorded during the test. The 10 highest AHS-1 during the last 30 sec at each stages and 10 consecutive AHS-1 immediately after each stage of exertion were measured. The DT was calculated as the systolic time subtracted from the cardiac cycle time interval assessed by the waveform of the heart sounds in the same time range as the above analysis.RESULTS. The change of AHS-1 during exercise and immediately after exercise at each stage demonstrated a significant correlation (r=0.979, p<0.01). The workloads at the breaking point during and immediately after exercise were the same. There were significant correlations between the DT during exercise and immediately after exercise in all (r=0.951 to 0.993, p<0.01).CONCLUSION. The results of this study clarified that AHS-1 and DT during exercise can be estimated from the phonocardiogram that is recorded immediately after exercise. (Keyword) phonocardiogram / amplitude of the first heart sound / diastolic time / graded exercise test (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.5432/ijshs.IJSHS20080326 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1390001205286289408 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.5432/ijshs.IJSHS20080326 (DOI: 10.5432/ijshs.IJSHS20080326, CiNii: 1390001205286289408)
9.	Azhim Azran, Mizuki Katai, Masatake Akutagawa, Yuji Hirao, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shigeru Obara, Masahiro Nomura, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisao Yamaguchi and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Exercise Improved Age-associated Changes in the Carotid Blood Velocity Waveforms, Journal of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Vol.1, No.1, 17-26, 2007.
10.	Azhim Azran, Mizuki Katai, Masatake Akutagawa, Yuji Hirao, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shigeru Obara, Masahiro Nomura, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisao Yamaguchi and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Measurement of Blood Flow Velocity Waveforms in the Carotid, Brachial and Femoral Arteries during Head-up Tilt, Journal of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, 2007.
11.	Azran Azhim, Mizuki Katai, Masatake Akutagawa, Yuji Hirao and Shigeru Obara : Measurement of Blood Flow Velocity Waveforms in the Carotid, Brachial and Femoral Arteries during Postural Change, Proceeding of International Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering 2006 (ICBPE 2006), 438-442, 2006. (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-46249099131 (Elsevier: Scopus)
12.	Shigeru Obara and 白川悟 : 聴診記録法による運動時拡張期血圧の判定方法の検討, IEICE Technical Report, Vol.105, No.222, 5-8, 2005. (Summary) 運動時の拡張期血圧の判定は「血管音が急激に変化する点(スワンの4点)」とするとなっているが，現実的にはその判定は困難である．本研究では血管音をA/D変換器を通して血管音を記録して，その波形分析から拡張期血圧の判定を行うことを検討した．結果として周波数分析では特徴的なポイントは決定できず，従来の聴診による音の変化をとらえるという方法を視覚的に血管音の振幅変化という点で決定するのが精度を高める方法であるという結果を報告した． (Keyword) Exercise / Blood vessel sounds / Diastolic blood pressure (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520009409490040192 (CiNii: 1520009409490040192)
13.	Shigeru Obara, Tetsuya Nki and Masayuki Satake : The first heart sounds amplitude has a breaking point and positive relationships with blood lactate concentration and double product in graded exercise, Advances in Exercise and Sports Physiology, Vol.11, No.1, 33-39, 2005. (Summary) Continuous recording of heart sounds during graded exercise suggested that there might be a breaking point of heart sounds amplotude (HSBP, Heart Sounds Breaking Point) and that HSBP might have a possibility of an index of anaerobic threshold as a noninvasive method. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among amplitude of the first heart sound (HS-I), blood lactate concentration (LA), and double product (DP) during graded exercise. Nine physically active subjects (6 males and 3 females) volunteered to participate in the present study, Each subject performed a 7-to 10-setp graded exercise consisting of 3-min of exercise with 1-min of rest between steps on a cycle ergometer at 60 rpm. The intensity of exercise was stated at 10 watts and was increased 20 watts for male subjects or 15 watts for female subjects. Phonocardiogram was recorded with a microphone placed on the 4th intercostal space, 5 cm left of the sternum with ECG. The electric signals were sent to a personal computer through an A/D converter. The 10 higher amplitudes of HS-1 were determined from the last 30-sec recording at each step of graded exercise. LA and blood pressure was determined in same 3-min exercise session . Blood pressure during exercise was determined by auscultatory recording method. As results of this study, there were significant positive relationships among amplitude of HS-1, LA, and DP, and also there were significant positive relationships among three work rates at HSBP, lactate threshold, and DP breaking point. These results indicated that HSBP might be an index of anaerobic threshold as a noninvasive method. (Keyword) phonocardiogram / first heart sound / heart sounds breaking point / anaerobic threshold (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520290884910099072 (CiNii: 1520290884910099072)
14.	Shigeru Obara, 吉田隼人, 北岡和義 and Hideo Araki : Relationship between electromyogram and autonomic nervous system activity assessed by heart rate variability during static muscle contractions, IEICE Technical Report, Vol.101, No.181, 85-90, 2001. (Summary) We determined heart rate(HR), blood presure(BP), integrated EMG, and autonomic nervous system activity(ANSA)assessed by heart rate variability during 6-min static brachial biceps contraction(SC)of 10% of maximum strength in ten subjects. There was a negative relation in increased HR and LF/HF, implying that parasympathetic activity affected a change in HR during SC. Subjects showed, however, different patterns in response to SC in HF and LF/HF. BP showed a large increase during SC in all subjects. These results indicated that ANSA might differ in heart and brachial vessel during SC. (Keyword) cardiac autonomic nerve / vessel sympathetic nerve / electromyogram / blood pressure / blood pressure / 静的運動 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520290884429399168 (CiNii: 1520290884429399168)
15.	Shigeru Obara and 岡崎浩之 : 連続的運動と間欠的運動のエネルギー代謝の比較, Journal of Running Science, Vol.12, No.1, 1-7, 2001. (Summary) ジョギング運動中に途中で休息を取ることが代謝に影響するかを検討するために，「30分の連続運動とその後の30分休息の条件」と「5分運動，5分休息を6回繰り返す条件」について比較した．その結果総エネルギー消費量は両条件で有意差はなく，また血中遊離脂肪酸濃度もほぼ同じ水準であったことを報告した．このことから健康維持増進のためには途中で走ることを中断してもランニング時間が同じである限り，エネルギー的には連続運動と同じであり，疲れを感じたときには休息を取るべきであることを主張した．
16.	Yumi Kuwamura, 志内哲也 and Shigeru Obara : 静的，動的および複合での運動における血圧応答の比較, 臨床スポーツ医学, Vol.16, 1097-1101, 1999. (Summary) 静的運動では収縮期および拡張期血圧は急激に上昇する事が知られているが，静的運動と動的運動を組み合わせた運動では血圧どのような変化を示すかを，日常生活での荷物を持った状態で歩行を行う場合のシミレーション実験として検討した．その結果，静的運動で上昇した血圧は動的運動により抑制を受け，血圧上昇が抑えられることを報告した．
17.	Yumi Kuwamura, Tetsuya Shiuchi and Shigeru Obara : 静的，動的および複合での運動における血圧応答の比較, 臨床スポーツ医学, Vol.16, 1097-1101, 1999.
18.	Shigeru Obara, 林美代子 and Hideo Araki : ペダリング運動における収縮期血圧の応答, Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Vol.46, 93-100, 1997. (Summary) 大学生を対象にペダリング運動時の運動強度の変化に伴う収縮期血圧の変動を検討した．その結果，運動部学生は収縮期血圧は物理的負荷に対してはゆっくりした上昇傾向を示すが，最終的には大きな物理的負荷(仕事量)を実施できるために収縮期血圧は210mmHg付近まで上昇することや，体力水準の低い学生は血圧上昇が小さいために作業筋への血液供給が悪く，大きな仕事量での作業を遂行できないことを報告した．
19.	Trappe A. Todd, Starling D. Raymond, Jozsi C. Alison, Goodpaster H. Bret, Trappe W. Scott, Nomura Teruo, Shigeru Obara and Costill L. David : Thermal responses to swimming in the three water temperatures: influence of a wet suit, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol.27, No.7, 1014-1021, 1995. (Summary) The primary objective of this investigation was to determine the thermal and metabolic effects of wearing a rubberized wet suit (WS) while swimming for 30 min in 20.1, 22.7, and 25.6 degrees C water. Metabolic and body temperature measurements were recorded in each water temperature with subjects wearing either a WS or a competitive swimming suit (SS). Immediately after each swim the subjects cycled for 15 min on a stationary cycle ergometer. Energy expenditure (VO2), heart rate, post-swim blood lactate, work completed on the cycle ergometer, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were similar in all trials. Mean (+/- SE) core temperature (Tc) during swimming in the SS trials increased 0.56 (+/- 0.33), 0.48 (+/- 0.20), and 1.22 (+/- 0.24) degrees C, whereas in the WS trial Tc rose 0.62 (+/- 0.22), 1.02 (+/- 0.15), and 0.89 (+/- 0.13) degrees C in the 20.1, 22.7, and 25.6 degrees C treatments, respectively. Following swimming many of the subjects experienced a decrease in Tc, but it was significantly elevated above preimmersion by the end of cycling in all trials except the SS 20.1 degrees C trial. Mean trunk temperatures (Ttr) during swimming in the WS trials were 4.32 +/- 0.16 (20.1 degrees C), 3.90 +/- 0.25 (22.7 degrees C), and 3.21 +/- 0.20 (25.6 degrees C) degrees C warmer than in the SS. Ttr rose after the subjects exited the water, but remained significantly below baseline throughout cycling in all trials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) (Keyword) Adult / Body Temperature Regulation / Female / Heart Rate / Humans / Lactates / Lactic Acid / Male / Middle Aged / oxygen consumption / Protective Clothing / Swimming / temperature (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 7564968 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-0029036163 (PubMed: 7564968, Elsevier: Scopus)
20.	Jun Nakahira, Shigeru Obara, Jiang Zheng-Lin and Hisao Yamaguchi : Effects of breath holding in air on cardiac responses in man, Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Vol.42, 475-484, 1993.
21.	Shigeru Obara and Hiroyuki Tanaka : Relations of five kilometer performance, energy cost of running and predicted velocity at VO2max in trained male runners, Journal of Human Sciences and Arts, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.1, 31-37, 1993. (Summary) 長距離走の記録は最大酸素摂取量よりランニング速度と酸素摂取量との関係から求めた最大酸素摂取量相当でのランニング速度により関係が深いという先行研究をもとに，トレッドミルでのランニング時の50000mの記録，ランニングコスト，最大酸素摂取量でのランニング速度を測定し，3者の関係を検討した．その結果先行研究と同様に最大酸素摂取量でのランニング速度が長距離走の記録に高く関係していることを確認した． (Tokushima University Institutional Repository) ● Metadata: 10188 (Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 10188)
22.	Hisao Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Shigeru Obara, Shingo Tanabe, Noboru Utsuyama, Akira Takahashi, Jun Nakahira, Yoshihiko Yamamoto, Zhen-Lin Jiang, Jufang He, Eizo Bando and Hiroshi Miyamoto : Changes in cardiac rhythm in man during underwater submersion and swimming studied by ECG telemetry, European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, Vol.66, No.1, 43-48, 1993. (Summary) A previously reported method for electrocardiographic (ECG) telemetry in water using frequency-modulated current was improved to obtain more stable ECGs. The ECGs of seven healthy men were monitored using the improved method during and after whole-body submersion or underwater swimming. Bradycardia and arrhythmias were observed during the submersion, and transient tachycardia was detected after the start of underwater swimming, followed by bradycardia with arrhythmias. Three different types of arrhythmias were observed: sinus arrhythmia (SA), supraventricular extrasystole (SE) and ventricular extrasystole (VE). SA and SE tended to develop during the latter half of the period of submersion or underwater swimming, and especially after the restart of breathing. VEs were detected in only one subject during submersion, whereas they occurred in most subjects during and after underwater swimming. Individual variations were found in development of arrhythmias, one subject showing no arrhythmia. Bradycardia, SA and SE could depend on vagal suppression in underwater conditions, and VE may be related to the effect of muscular movement on cardiac function in addition to vagal inhibition. (Keyword) Adult / Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Electrocardiography / heart / Heart Rate / Humans / Male / respiration / Swimming / Telemetry (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 8425511 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-0027399104 (PubMed: 8425511, Elsevier: Scopus)
23.	Hiroyuki Tanaka, Toshiaki Osaka, Shigeru Obara, Hisao Yamaguchi and Hiroshi Miyamoto : Changes in the concentrations of Na+, K+ and Cl- in secretion from the skin during progressive increase in exercise intensity, European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, Vol.64, No.6, 557-561, 1992. (Summary) A simple method for sampling skin secretion in 1-min periods was developed for investigating the effects of progressive increases in exercise intensity on Na+, K+ and Cl- secretions from the skin of the forearm. Ten healthy male subjects performed exercise consisting of eight stepwise increases in intensity from 50 to 225 W, with a 25-W increase at each step. Exercise at each step was for 3 min followed by a 1-min recovery period. Samples of blood and skin secretion were taken during the recovery period. Significant positive correlations were found between the mean concentrations of Na+ and Cl- and between those of K+ and Cl- in the skin secretion. The concentrations of electrolytes in the skin secretion also showed significant correlations with the blood lactate concentrations. The inflection points for secretions of Na+, K+ and Cl- were 4.04, 3.61 and 3.83 mmol.l-1 of blood lactate; 64.42, 61.96 and 62.14% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max); and exercise intensities of 123.01, 117.65 and 125.07 W, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the value of 67.27% of VO2max or 134.00W at the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) and the inflection points. From these results we concluded that changes in electrolyte concentrations in skin secretion during incremental exercise according to this protocol were closely related with the change in the blood lactate concentration, and that the inflection points for electrolytes may have been near the exercise intensity at OBLA. (Keyword) Adult / Chlorides / Exercise / Exercise Test / Humans / Lactates / oxygen consumption / potassium / Skin / Sodium / Sweat (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 1618196 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-0026535452 (PubMed: 1618196, Elsevier: Scopus)
24.	Shigeru Obara, Hisao Yamaguchi, Eizo Bando and Hiroshi Miyamoto : Comparisons of left ventricular systolic and diastolic times in exercise between trained and untrained men, Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Vol.40, 145-155, 1991. (Summary) 運動時に心拍数が増加する，すなわち心周期は短縮することは良く知られた現象である．心周期は心筋収縮期と拡張期に分けられる．この収縮期と拡張期の時間的割合が長距離走者と一般学生とで差があるかを検討した．その結果，長距離走者は同一心拍数で短い収縮時間を持ち，その分拡張時間を長くしており，そのことは冠動脈からの心筋への血液供給を有利にしていることを報告した．
25.	Seiichi Fukuta, Hisao Ymaguchi, Noboru Utsuyama, Shigeru Obara, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Jun Nakahira, Eizo Bando and Hiroshi Miyamoto : Development of instruments for amphibious telemetry of human ECG during exercise, Proceeding of 1988 Seoul Olympic Scientific Congress, Vol.3, 259-264, 1991.
26.	Zhen-Lin Jiang, Noboru Utsuyama, Eizo Bando, Seiichi Fukuta, Shigeru Obara, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Shingo Tanabe, Jun Nakahira, Akira Takahashi, Hisao Yamaguchi and Hiroshi Miyamoto : Effects of immersion and diving on appearance of arrhythmia in the electrocardiogram, Sports, Medicine and Health: Proceeding of 24th FIMS World Congress, 995-999, 1990.
27.	田辺伸悟, 中平順, Shigeru Obara, 福田精一, 坂東栄三, 宮本博司 and 山本明良 : ファストピッチソフトボール投手にみられた尺骨疲労骨折の考察, 整形外科スポーツ医学会誌, Vol.7, 183-186, 1988.
28.	Noboru Utsuyama, Hisao Yamaguchi, Shigeru Obara, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Seiichi Fukuta, Jun Nakahira, Shingo Tanabe, Eizo Bando and Hiroshi Miyamoto : Telemetry of human electrocardiograms in aerial and aquqtic environments, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol.35, 881-884, 1988.
29.	Shigeru Obara, Hisao Yamaguchi, Eizo Bando and Hiroshi Miyamoto : An auscultatory recording method for blood pressure measurement during exercise, The Japanese Journal of Physiology, Vol.37, No.4, 757-760, 1987. (Summary) For inspective determination of blood pressure at rest and during exercise, simultaneous recordings of cuff pressure, Korotkov's sounds, and ECG by an electromagnetic oscillograph were necessary. We devised an apparatus in line with the requirement. Results obtained using this apparatus demonstrate that the auscultatory recording method is suitable to determine the blood pressure during submaximal bicycle exercise. (Keyword) Auscultation / Blood Pressure Determination / Electrocardiography / Exercise Test / Humans / Physical Exertion (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 3430878 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-0023504639 (PubMed: 3430878, Elsevier: Scopus)
30.	Shigeru Obara : Changes in Systolic Time Intervals in Bicycle Exercise, J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima, Vol.19, 21-35, 1986. (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520009409961783040 (CiNii: 1520009409961783040)
31.	Shigeru Obara : Comparison of calculated maximal oxygen intake adjusted to the factors of age and maximal heart rate using Astrand and Ryhming nomogram, J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima, Vol.18, 21-28, 1985. (Summary) オストランドのノモグラムによる最大酸素摂取量(VO2max)の補正方法について検討した．男子大学生陸上競技部員の場合，年齢で補正した場合は実測VO2max値より大きくなる傾向を示し，実測最高心拍数や推定最高心拍数で補正した場合は実測VO2max値より小さくなる傾向を示した．そこで年齢と推定最高心拍数での補正値を平均すると実測VO2max値と良く一致する結果が得られたことを報告した． (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520290884938193664 (CiNii: 1520290884938193664)
32.	Shigeru Obara : An examination of measuring cardiac output during exercise by impedance method, J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima, Vol.17, 13-18, 1984. (Summary) インピーダンス法で運動時の心拍数と一回拍出量を測定し，両者の値の積より求めた心拍出量の値について検討した．その結果，軽，中運動では心拍数と一回拍出量には有意な相関が見られ，心拍出量は一定の値を示したが，高強度の運動では心拍数と一回拍出量には有意な相関はなく，心拍出量は大きく異なる値を示し，測定上の問題があることを示唆していた． (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520853834878707840 (CiNii: 1520853834878707840)
33.	Shigeru Obara : 長距離走者の安静時左心室収縮時間, J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima, Vol.16, 1-6, 1983. (Summary) 男子長距離走者16名の安静時の左室収縮時相を測定検討した．QS2は従来報告されている回帰式にほぼ一致した．LVETはほぼ1SD内に位置するが，回帰式より小さい値を示す傾向にあり，心筋収縮力の大きいことを示唆していた．またPEPは回帰式より大きい値を示す傾向にあり，一回拍出量の大きいことが影響していることを示唆していた．
34.	Yutaka Ikuta and Shigeru Obara : A Study of Floater Serve in Volleyball : The relation of ball initial speed and arm swing speed, Journal of gakugei, Tokushima University. Educational science, Vol.31, 43-46, 1982. (Summary) バレーボールのフローターサーブの初速度と腕スイング速度をイス座位と立位の姿勢条件で測定した．座位ではボール速度は腕速度の0.9以下であるが，立位ではその比は0.9以上になる．すなわちサーブ時の体重移動の効果を証明した．ボール初速度はバレーボール部員では約17m/secであったことも報告した． (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520572359897357312 (CiNii: 1520572359897357312)
35.	Shigeru Obara : The changes of systole and diastole of heart at incremental load works on a bicycle ergometer in men, J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima, Vol.15, 19-26, 1982. (Summary) 心収縮時間を収縮時間と弛緩時間に分けて，運動強度に比例して増加する心拍数について，両時間の変動を測定し検討した．安静時は弛緩時間の占める割合が全体の約2/3で，収縮時間は約1/3であるが，運動による心拍数増加と共に弛緩時間は急減に減少し，収縮時間は徐々に減少する．心拍数150拍/分では弛緩時間が約1/3になり，収縮時間は約2/3になるという安静時とは逆転する結果となった．そして心拍数約90拍/分で両時間はほぼ等しくなることを報告した． (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520853834891282304 (CiNii: 1520853834891282304)
36.	Shigeru Obara : On the systolic time intervals during breath holding, J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima, Vol.14, 1-7, 1981. (Summary) 息こらえ時の左室収縮時相(電気的機械的左室収縮時間(QS2)，左室駆出時間(LVET)，駆出前期(PEP)，PEP/LVET)を測定し，その結果を軽運動時の場合と比較することにより，息こらえ時の心臓の活動を検討した．息こらえ時と軽運動時の同一心拍数において，息こらえでは左室の弛緩時間(=RR-QS2)は短く，すなわち収縮時間が長くなることを示し，運動時との心臓自律神経の作用の違いを報告した． (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520572359891472768 (CiNii: 1520572359891472768)
37.	Shigeru Obara and Shoji Hase : Maximum Muscular Exertion in Relation to Various Sizes of Lung Volume, J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima, Vol.13, 1-9, 1980. (Summary) 筋力発揮と肺容量との関係を検討するために肺容量をスパイロメータで定量的に計測して，その時の上腕屈曲力を測定した．その結果，肺容量の大小に関係なく上腕屈曲力はほぼ一定であったことを報告した． (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520290884919707392 (CiNii: 1520290884919707392)
38.	Masahiro Ariyoshi, Hiroaki Tanaka, Katuya Kanamori, Shigeru Obara and Hiroshi Yoshitake : Influence of running pace upon performance: effects upon oxygen intake, blood lactate, and rating of perceived exertion., Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, Vol.4, No.3, 210-213, 1979. (Summary) Three different techniques of middle distance running (fast/slow, slow/fast, and steady pace) have been compared in terms of oxygen intake, blood lactate and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). The subjects (10 middle distance and long distance male runners) carried out the three patterns of running on the laboratory threadmill according to a randomly ordered sequence, on each occasion covering 1400 m in 4 min. The fast/slow protocol resulted in a rapid and sustained on-transient of oxygen intake, less lactate accumulation, and a lower rating of perceived exertion during the final 2 min of th4 min run. Physiological data thus support coaching impressions of the superiority of the fast/slow protocol. (Keyword) Adult / Heart Rate / Humans / Lactates / Male / oxygen consumption / Physical Exertion / Running / Sports Medicine (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 540415 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-0018513850 (PubMed: 540415, Elsevier: Scopus)
39.	Shigeru Obara and 坂東栄三 : 止息の心拍動への影響, J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima, Vol.17, 1-7, 1979. (Summary) 肺容量が安静時吸息位および最大呼息位での怒責を伴う場合と伴わない場合の息こらえ時の心拍数，一回拍出量および毎分心拍出量の変動を調べた．心拍数は時間経過と共に減少する傾向を示すが，一回拍出量は途中から増加傾向を示す．しかし，毎分心拍出量は，心拍数の減少が大きいために，時間と共に減少することを報告した．
40.	Yutaka Ikuta and Shigeru Obara : Mechanical Efficiency in Pedalling a Bicycle Ergometer, Journal of gakugei, Tokushima University. Educational science, Vol.27, 22-26, 1978. (Summary) 自転車ペダリング時のエネルギー消費量の推定精度を高めるために，自転車エルゴメータでの機械的仕事量と酸素消費量は2次式に良く適合する事から機械的効率を求めた．その結果，ペダル回転数は影響しないことや運動時酸素消費量から安静時酸素消費量を引いた条件での効率は，500kgm/分という中程度の強度で約25%の値を示すことを報告した. (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520572359909372800 (CiNii: 1520572359909372800)
41.	Shigeru Obara : Cardiac cycle in mercury breath holding test, J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima, Vol.11, 18-28, 1978. (Summary) 水銀血圧計を利用して，20，40，60，80mmの高さまで吹き上げた状態で止息した時の心拍変動(RR間隔)を時間経過を追って調べた．RR間隔は加圧止息を始めると直ちに短縮する(心拍数増加)が，5秒ほどで延長する(心拍数減少)．その後は除脈を示す例や心拍数増加，減少を繰り返すパーターンなど，個人より異なることや加圧条件の高い場合に心拍数は高くなる傾向を示すことを報告した． (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520853834867958400 (CiNii: 1520853834867958400)
42.	生田豊 and Shigeru Obara : 運動選手の有酸素的作業能力, 徳島大学学芸紀要(教育科学), Vol.26, 51-56, 1977. (Summary) 運動選手を長距離走群と非長距離走群の2群に分けて有酸素的作業能力を比較検討した．比較項目はPhysical resourceとしての最大酸素摂取量，PWC170，そしてPerformance test としての2400m走の3つである．その結果，長距離走群はいずれも高い値を示すが，Physical resourceよりはPerformance testにおいてその差が大きいことを報告している．
43.	Shigeru Obara : 呼吸の研究(その1), J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima, Vol.10, 12-16, 1977. (Summary) 力を発揮するときに呼吸を吸気相で止息することを確認してから，その意義を検討するために肺容量を大きい場合と小さい場合，すなわち吸気条件と呼気条件での条件を設定して，最大握力と単純反応時間を比較した．その結果，握力は吸気条件で呼気条件より有意に高いことがわかった．しかし，単純反応時間には有意な差は見られなかった．この現象は筋力発揮時の腹腔内圧上昇に対する内臓などの防衛動作ではないかという推論を述べている.
44.	進藤宗洋, 田中宏暁, 松本謹吾 and Shigeru Obara : 中年婦人への自転車エルゴメータによる 50%VO2max 強度の60分間トレーニングの効果, 体育科学, Vol.4, 77-88, 1976. (Summary) 日常生活で特別な運動をしていない41歳から52歳(平均46.3歳)の中年主婦13名を対象に自転車エルゴメータによる50%VO2max強度で60分間の運動を週3回，10週間行った場合のトレーニングの結果を報告したものである．結果としてVO2maxは約10%増加したが，その他，体重，皮下脂肪厚，周囲径が減少したことや不定愁訴(更年期障害)が改善されたことなどを報告した．
45.	Shigeru Obara : Energy regulation during contration of human muscles, J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima, Vol.9, 43-50, 1976. (Summary) 慣性負荷法での加速状態と重力負荷法での等速状態での筋収縮におけるエネルギー発生には同様なメカニズムがあ関連しているという仮説の基に，等速状態での測定値を加速状態での筋収縮に基づいたエネルギー発生の式にあてはめて検討した．その結果は仮説は適合しないということで，筋収縮という同じ様式でも等速と加速状態での筋収縮はエネルギー発生のメカニズムが異なるという結論に至った． (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520009409945713152 (CiNii: 1520009409945713152)
46.	進藤宗洋, 田中宏暁 and Shigeru Obara : 自転車運動による 50%VO2max, 60分間トレーニングが成人女子におよぼす影響, 体育科学, Vol.3, 58-67, 1975. (Summary) 成人女性9名(27-38歳，平均33.2歳)を対象に50%VO2max強度で60分間の運動を週3回，10週間行った場合のトレーニングの結果を報告したものである．VO2maxとVO2max/wtはそれぞれ9.6%と12.4%増加したこと，VO2-HR関係，HR-Work関係には有意な変化は見られなかったことなどを報告した．
47.	進藤宗洋, 田中宏暁, 久富さよ子, Shigeru Obara, 水原博而 and 小原史郎 : ペダリングからみた調整力の実験研究, 体育学研究, Vol.6, 41-48, 1975. (Summary) 神経系機能の要素の一つである調整力をペダリングから検討した論文である．この方法は回転車輪を16等分した部分に反射板を貼り，そこからの光の反射をパルスとして記録するというアイデアで実験は実施された．最大回転速度は20歳前後でピークに達すること，その値は小学1年で約10m/sec，20歳では20m/secであったこと，最大回転速度は持久的トレーニングで増大することなどを報告した．
48.	小川新吉, 古田善伯, Shigeru Obara, 小原達朗, 大谷和寿, 徳山薫平 and 古屋三郎 : 縄とび運動のエネルギー代謝について, Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Vol.23, 89-95, 1974. (Summary) 縄跳び運動時の運動強度を測定報告した論文である．この研究での特色は縄跳びという呼気ガスを採集できないと考えられていた運動状態での測定を呼気ガス採集管(蛇管)にロープを取り付けて縄跳び運動中に連続的に測定可能にするというアイデアから成功した実験である．1回旋1跳躍，1回旋2跳躍，駆け足跳びの3条件で，酸素摂取水準はそれぞれ，63.7-78.0%，57.5-76.3%，56.8-67.2%であったことを報告した．
49.	Munehiro Shindo, Hiroaki Tanaka and Shigeru Obara : 筑紫山脈系および福岡平野住民の発育発達の比較, Journal of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Vol.24, No.9, 576-583, 1974. (Summary) 農山村部の小学校の児童の体格，体力を調べ，都市部の小学生と比較として生活環境の影響を検討した論文(特集版)である．この研究の特色は，山村部地域での地理的高低に着目し通学路の標高を調べ標高別に有酸素的作業能力を比較した点である．ここでは標高の高い地域の児童の有酸素的作業能力が高いことを報告し，通学時の身体活動が体力に影響していることを明らかにした． (Keyword) 発育発達 / 居住環境 / 身体機能 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520572357605443328 (CiNii: 1520572357605443328)
50.	Hiroaki Tanaka, Munehiro Shindo, Yushiro Ogata and Shigeru Obara : The accuracy of the indirect methods of measuring maximal oxygen intake for Japanese adult females, 体育学研究, Vol.4, 93-97, 1974. (Summary) 運動強度の決定や健康度の指標として利用される最大酸素摂取量を最大下負荷テストで推定する方法を検討した論文である．これまで報告されている最大酸素摂取量推定式はオストランドの式やマルガリアの式があるが，これは外国人のデータである．体型の違う日本人にふさわしい推定式を21歳から64歳までの37名の成人女性のデータから検討した．その結果，推定の誤差が10%以内になる式を見いだした．

Academic Paper (Unrefereed Paper):

1.	Masaki TAKAHASHI, Sayaka KUBO, Hideki Matoba and Shigeru Obara : Effect of indigestible dextrin intake on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in exercise, Natural Science Research, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.24, No.4, 21-26, 2010. (Summary) It has been reported that dextrin (DX) has an effect of inhibition from elevation of blood glucose concentration after taking a meal. A little increase of blood glucose concentration after the meal would notaccelerate secretion of insulin from the pancreas, so that, the blood insulin concentration may not elevate somuch after the meal. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of DX intake with light meal on carbohydrate and fat metabolism in light intensity exercise. Eight young male subjects participated in this study. They took the light meal one hour before exercise, and performed a 30-min exercise at light intensity of heart sound breaking point on a cycle ergometer under two conditions of taking the meal with and without DX. Heart rate, oxygen consumption, plasma lactate (LA), plasma glucose (BG) and plasma free fatty acid (FFA), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were determined at before meal, start of exercise after 60 minutes of taking the meal, midpoint of exercise (15-min point), end of exercise (30-min point) and recovery phase after 15 minutes from cessation of the exercise. Average heart rate were 126.3 (SD; 11.3) and 122.8 (10.1) bpm during exercises with and without DX, respectively (not significant). Oxygen consumptions were 1.18 (0.24) and 1.16 (0.22) 1/min during exercises with and without DX, respectively (not significant). LA showed same values (1.8 (0.6)mM) in both conditions (not significant). BG showed significantly low values in DX condition at start and end of exercise and recovery phase than that in non-DX condition. FFA showed also significantly low values in DX condition at start and end of exercise and recovery phase than that in non-DX condition. These results indicate that DX inhibit absorption of BG not only at rest but also during exercise, and intake of DX with a meal may affect to elevate FFA intake to active muscle during exercise. (Keyword) Blood glucose / energy consumption / free fatty acid / lactate (Tokushima University Institutional Repository) ● Metadata: 74531 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1050020697878087424 (Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 74531, CiNii: 1050020697878087424)
2.	Shigeru Obara, 松田拓朗, 高橋将記, Peter H. Brubaker and 田中宏暁 : Comparison of cardiac diastolic time in exercise calculated by cubic regression equation in relation to age and fitness level, IEICE Technical Report (MBE), Vol.109, No.123, 33-37, 2009. (Summary) Cardiac cycle is divided to two phases, systolic and diastolic phase. Diastolic time (DT) correlates with the degree of coronary circulation. Systolic time (ST) is determined as interval of first heart sound (S1) and second heart sound (S2), DT is determined from the equation of [RR interval-ST]. Obara et al have reported that ST and DT fit well a cubic regression equation in relation to RR interval that converged to the origin of the coordinates. The purpose of this study is to compare the percent of DT for RR interval (%DT) at the same HR during exercise among persons of different age and fitness. Subjects were 9 aged low fit persons (ALF), 8 aged high fit persons (AHF) and 8 young male students (YHF). The exercise test was performed on a cycle ergometer with an incremental loading method. %DT at HR 110bpm was compared among three groups. At HR 110bpm, the mean %DTs (SD) were 47.2 (2.2)%, 54.7 (4.9)%, 56.0 (1.5)% in three groups of ALF, AHF and YHF, respectively. The %DT in ALF were significantly lower than that in AHF and YHF. However, there was no significant difference of %DT between AHF and YHF. These results indicate that low fitness aged person appear to reach below 50% of %DT at HR 110bpm. Furthermore these results demonstrate the importance of evaluating the cardiac diastolic time during exercise.. (Keyword) 運動負荷 / myocardial function / aging (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520572357669584384 (CiNii: 1520572357669584384)
3.	田野聡, Hideki Matoba, Shigeru Obara, Hideo Araki, Masahiro Nomura, Masayuki Satake and Hajime Miura : Effects of stretch-shortening cycle exercise to exhaustion on the contractile properties of the triceps surae muscle and injury-related parameters, Journal of Human Sciences and Arts, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.15, 15-21, 2007. (Summary) The repeated heel-raiseis a typical stretch-shortening cyc1e (SSC) exercise. The exercise is not only performed in resistance training but also used for evaluating muscular strength in c1inical settings. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of repeated heel-raise exercise to a volitional exhaustion on contractile properties of the triceps surae muscle and parameters reflecting muscle injury.Five Healthy university students with no orthopedic disorders served as subjects. Each subject performed two exercises. ln SSC condition，the subjects repeated the SSC exercise every 2 seconds to volitional exhaustion. ln the IS0 condition，they repeated the same number of an isometric exercise as that of the SSC exercise.In the SSC condition，the subjects exhausted after repeating the exercise 28.6 times. At exhaustion，maximal torque developing capacity decreased significantly and the decrease was accompanied by a tendency of a lower median power frequency of the EMG signals. A significantly higher lactate concenlration was also observed. On the other hand，the ISO exercise induced no significant changes in these parameters.In the SSC condition，the decreased maximal torque developing capacity at exhaustion remained one hour and even one day following the exhausting exercise. The circumference of the lower extremity became larger significantly at exhaustion as compared with the pre-exercise values and remained higher one hour and one day after the exercise. The pressure threshold for pain in the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle and the muscle-tendon junction of the triceps surae muscle became significantlylower compared with pre-exercise value one hour or one day following the exercise. Muscle painevaluated using visual analog scale f1uctuated and the higher value was observed at exhaustion and one day after SSC exercise. ln the ISO condition，no significant changes in these parameters were observed.The results of the present study indicated that the SSC exercise had more profound effects oncontractile properties， myo-electrical signals and injury-related parameters than the ISO exercise.Furthermore, the results suggest that，even in a relatively small number of repetitions，repeated heel-raise, at ypical SSC exercise，induces as light muscle injury. (Keyword) heel-raise / stretch-shortening cycle(SSC) / muscle injury / muscle injury (Tokushima University Institutional Repository) ● Metadata: 57080 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1050865122808276992 (Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 57080, CiNii: 1050865122808276992)
4.	Masayuki Satake, Hideo Araki, Shigeru Obara, Hideki Matoba, Mitsuhiro Sato, Jin Nagazumi, Hajime Miura, Toshio Tanaka and 長谷川典子 : Research of the walking and/or running for raising quality of life(QOL), Journal of Human Sciences and Arts, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.15, 1-13, 2007. (Summary) A walking and/or running for raising quality of life (QOL) was studied from the face of exercise physiology，exercise biochemistry，sport sociology. Three experiments and a survey were carried out to achieve the purpose. The results were summarized as follows:1) The running program in the long time was effective in the decrease of body fat percentage， the decrease of body weight as overweight person， and also in the increase of muscular endurance.2) Appropriate BMI and muscular endurance are important for the marathon race.3) Accelerometer steps per day did not significantly for correlate to body composition，health-related parameters in blood or serum adipocytokine levels.4) Each subject ofthe walk exercise must be examined from the coordination ability.5) A exercise class rises the Self-efficacy(SE)，and the individual group activity iseffective to maintain the SE. (Keyword) walking / running / quality of life (Tokushima University Institutional Repository) ● Metadata: 57017 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1050020697878144768 (Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 57017, CiNii: 1050020697878144768)
5.	Toshio Tanaka, 長谷川典子, Shigeru Obara and Masayuki Satake : A Research on Participants of Honolulu Marathon Regarding the Preparation and Actual Condition of the Race, Journal of University Extension, Vol.17, 55-88, 2007. (Summary) This paper intends to describe the results of a questionnaire survey conducted among the participants of the 34th Honolulu Marathon that was held on 11th of December, 2005 in Hawaii. Before the event, most of the participants from Tokushima Prefecture took part in the training programs offered through local extra-mural courses, and the survey was carried out among this type of people. The varied responses were 207. The ratio of men to women was one-on-one and their average age was 46. Half of them had no prior experiences of jogging and 7 out of 10 people have answered that it was going to be the first time that they would challenge a full marathon. On average, they practiced jogging 3 times a week, 1 hour each. The distance of their jogging practice a month was about 150km on average in October and November 2005. The longest distance in the training was 26km per practice. As for their chief purposes of the race, the largest number of people, which accounted for 46%, answered that they would wish to finish in a target time. The average of goal time was 5 hours 29 minutes. Half of the participants answered (their performances were) 'worse than expected'. Likewise, those who commented their running speeds became slower in the latter half of the race, those who walked, and those who felt a lack of their energies roughly accounted for half of the participants. The worst five points of pains that the participants had experienced were in front of thigh, back of thigh, calf, ball of the foot and knee, and most of them began to feel these pains after they reached 20km. On the following morning of the race, fewer people expressed that they had had a fever, a headache or a diarrhea. On the other hand, two third felt muscle soreness in the front of their thighs, while half felt muscle soreness in their calf. Moreover, one out of three participants felt pains in their knees. It is found that whether one has practiced long distance or not before the race is one of the prime factors for causing physical pains during the race. Compared to those who had practiced more than 30km, those who had practiced less than 21.5km tended to feel more pains in thighs, knees, calf, and bottoms of their foot and so forth after they reached 20km. It is pointed out that sleeping time of the day before the race has had no obvious influence upon the performance of the race. (Tokushima University Institutional Repository) ● Metadata: 321 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1050583647831720064 (Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 321, CiNii: 1050583647831720064)
6.	Masahiro Nomura, 安藝敦子, 中安紀美子, 香西理恵, Hideki Matoba, Hideo Araki, Shigeru Obara, 河野智仁, 添木武 and 岩佐幸恵 : 起立性調節障害と自律神経活動および心臓不整脈基質との関連, Heart, Vol.39, No.Suppl 2, 18-19, 2007.
7.	岡孝子 and Shigeru Obara : 60分間ペダリング運動時の外耳道温と局所発汗量の変動, Journal of Human Sciences and Arts, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.7, 1-9, 1999. (Tokushima University Institutional Repository) ● Metadata: 22298 (Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 22298)
8.	Yumi Kuwamura, 志内哲也, 野村千景, 幸田貴美子 and Shigeru Obara : 複合運動後回復期における血圧の推移, Journal of Human Sciences and Arts, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.4, 45-50, 1997. (Tokushima University Institutional Repository) ● Metadata: 17221 (Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 17221)
9.	Shigeru Obara, Hideo Araki and 林美代子 : 多段階負荷運動時の外耳道温の変化, Journal of Human Sciences and Arts, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.4, 37-43, 1996. (Tokushima University Institutional Repository) ● Metadata: 15323 (Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 15323)
10.	Shigeru Obara and Hajime Miura : 初期短時間高強度運動がその後の軽強度運動での代謝に及ぼす影響, Journal of Human Sciences and Arts, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.3, 43-49, 1995. (Summary) 短時間の高強度運動直後に50%VO2maxで30分間運動した際の呼吸交換率，HRの応答の特性を明らかにしようとした．その結果，初期短時間高強度運動後の軽運動時の呼吸交換率が低い傾向がみられ，脂質代謝の増大が示唆された． (Tokushima University Institutional Repository) ● Metadata: 13106 (Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 13106)
11.	Kimiko Nakayasu, 北岡久美, Hideki Matoba, Shigeru Obara, Hideo Araki, Mitsuhiro Sato, Hisako Nakamura, Takeshi Miura, 黒田浩 and Yutaka Ikuta : 中程度の強度の運動と運動後の食事が心拍数および代謝産物レベルに与える影響について, Journal of Human Sciences and Arts, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.2, 67-77, 1994. (Summary) 一般のトレ-ニンクでよく採用される中程度の運動と，運動後の回復期に摂取する食事が代謝に及ぼす影響を検討した．一般のトレ-ニンクでよく採用される最大酸素摂取量の60%強度，30分間の運動は，運動中のみならず運動終了後少なくとも6時間が経過するまでは，代謝を安静時レヘル以上に保ち，さらに脂質代謝の亢進をもたらすことを明らかにした． (Tokushima University Institutional Repository) ● Metadata: 11965 (Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 11965)
12.	Shigeru Obara, Hideo Araki, Hideki Matoba, Takeshi Miura, 松村千香, 黒田浩 and 生田豊 : 最大酸素摂取量と血中成分との関係からみた肥満度の指標について, J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima, Vol.24, 19-28, 1991.
13.	Hiroshi Kuroda, Shigeru Obara, Hideo Araki, 石原昭彦, Atsunori Matsui, Takeshi Miura, Hisako Nakamura and Masayuki Satake : The relationship between oxygen intake and blood lactate concentration in seven 4-min jumpings with different rhythms, J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima, Vol.23, No.1, 1-9, 1990. (Summary) その場での連続跳躍における酸素摂取量は跳躍頻度に対して放物線の傾向を示し，120回/分のときに最大値を示した．跳躍頻度の増加に対して，接地時間は120回/分の跳躍頻度まで急激な減少を示したが，滞空時間には大きな変動が認められなかった．また，1分間当たりの総滞空時間と総接地時間は跳躍頻度90回/分を境にして異なる曲線傾向を示した． (Keyword) 連続跳躍運動 / 酸素摂取量 / 跳躍頻度
14.	黒田浩, Shigeru Obara, Hideo Araki and 石原昭彦 : 30分間自転車ペダリング運動に伴う脳波変動, J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima, Vol.21, 11-25, 1988.
15.	黒田浩, Shigeru Obara, Hideo Araki and 石原昭彦 : α波バイオフィードバックにおける脳波周波数成分の変動について, J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima, Vol.20, 21-35, 1987.
16.	Hideo Araki, 西平賀昭, Shigeru Obara, 賀川昌明 and 黒田浩 : 動作肢の同側及び反対側大脳半球における大脳誘発電位の左右差について, J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima, Vol.18, 41-47, 1985. (Summary) 反応動作において予告刺激及び動作駆動刺激により誘発される大脳誘発電位のうち視覚誘発電位，聴覚誘発電位の大脳半球間における左右差について検討を行った．予告刺激による大脳誘発電位と比較して動作駆動刺激によるものは，振幅の減少を示し，これは反応動作条件で著名であった．しかし，動作駆動刺激による大脳誘発電位のうち，視覚誘発電位の二次的成分と聴覚誘発電位は非対称性を示し，動作肢の対側大脳半球において振幅が優勢であり，しかもこの傾向は皮質運動野において限局されて見られた．以上のことから運動関連電位に見られるような反応動作肢支配の当該大脳半球における準備状態は感覚入力系においても見られることが示唆された．
17.	黒田浩, 賀川昌明, Shigeru Obara and Hideo Araki : 跳躍動作における万歩計測定値とエネルギー代謝量の関係について, J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima, Vol.17, 1-11, 1984. (Summary) 跳躍リズム80-190/分で3分間の跳躍動作を行い，その時の跳躍数，万歩計値，心拍数，酸素摂取量を測定した．跳躍リズムが速くなるに従い，心拍数，運動中の酸素摂取量，酸素需要量は減少する傾向を示した．そこで床反力記録から1跳躍当たりの動作時間(筋収縮時間)と滞空時間(筋弛緩時間)を測定し，エネルギー代謝量について検討した．跳躍リズムの増加に伴い，滞空時間はなだらかに直線的に減少する傾向を示すが，動作時間は急激に曲線的に減少する傾向を示した．そして1分間当たりの酸素需要量と酸素摂取量は動作時間と有意な正の相関を示すことから，跳躍数はエネルギー消費量を正しく示しているわけではないことを報告した．
18.	黒田浩, 賀川昌明, Shigeru Obara and Hideo Araki : 3種の動作における万歩計測定値と実測歩数との関係について, J Health and Physical Education Univ of Tokushima, Vol.16, 35-43, 1983. (Summary) 様々な動きを万歩計が正確に捉えているかを測定検討した．前後走における実測歩数値と万歩計値との間には有意な相関が見られたが，反復横跳と垂直跳びの動作では有意な相関は見られなかった．万歩計値/実測歩数値の比は垂直跳びで1.2，前後走で1.1で，反復横跳では0.8であったことを報告した．

Proceeding of International Conference:

1.	Ayuko Nii, Hideki Matoba and Shigeru Obara : Attempt to develop a simple and less demanding glucose tolerance test, --- 2013 European College of Sport Science Annual Meeting ---, Book of Abstracts 18th annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, 120, Barcelona, Jun. 2013.
2.	Hideki Matoba, Ayuko Nii, YY Sun and Shigeru Obara : ROS may have suppressive effect on endurance training-induced improvement of glucose metabolism, --- 2013 European College of Sport Science Annual Meeting ---, Book of Abstract 18th annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, 85, Barcelona, Jun. 2013.
3.	Ayuko Nii, Koichi Yada, Shigeru Obara and Hideki Matoba : Vitamin C does not prevent endurance training-induced improvement of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, --- 2012 American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting ---, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol.44, No.5 Suppl, S183, San Francisco, May 2012.
4.	Motoshi Masuda, Masatake Akutagawa, Takahiro Emoto, Tomoki Kitawaki, Kazuyoshi Kitaoka, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Shigeru Obara, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shinsuke Konaka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Study on blood flow velocity patterns at carotid using one-dimensional computer simulation of humman arteries, Proceedings of the IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI 2012), 651-654, Shenzhen, Jan. 2012. (Summary) 総頸動脈血流速度波形と動脈弾性の関係について，1次元流体解析モデルを用いて検討している．動脈モデルはヒトの全身の主要な動脈を多枝セグメントモデルとして構築したものを用い，動脈弾性を変化させた時の総頸動脈の血流速度波形を求めた結果，動脈弾性の変化により血流速度波形が変化することを示した．これにより総頸動脈の血流速度波形を調べることにより動脈硬化を評価することができる可能性を示した． (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1109/BHI.2012.6211667 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-84864244682 (DOI: 10.1109/BHI.2012.6211667, Elsevier: Scopus)
5.	Koki Aoyama, Takahiro Emoto, Masatake Akutagawa, Motoshi Masuda, Shota Minato, Shigeru Obara, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Kazuyoshi Kitaoka, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Shinsuke Konaka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Evaluating the atherosclerosis based on the blood flow velocity waveform of common carotid artery, Proceedings of the IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI 2012), 655-658, Shenzhen, Jan. 2012. (Summary) 頸動脈血流速度波形は動脈硬化等の循環器系の状態を反映していることが知られている．また動脈硬化のスクリーニング指標として，CAVIが実用に供されている．本研究では頸動脈血流波形から自動抽出可能な動脈弾性指標の提案を目的とし，評価の妥当性を確認するため，血流速度と CAVI の測定を行い，提案した指標と CAVI の関係を調べた．また，動脈は加齢により硬化する事や，男性に比べ閉経前の女性は軟らかい事から，提案した指標と年齢の関係や性差について調べた． (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1109/BHI.2012.6211668 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-84864258384 (DOI: 10.1109/BHI.2012.6211668, Elsevier: Scopus)
6.	Masaki Takahashi, Katsuhiko Suzuki, Hideki Matoba, Sizuo Sakamoto and Shigeru Obara : Effects of Different Intensities of Endurance Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Leukocyte Activation Markers, --- 2011 American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting ---, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol.43, No.5 Suppl, S382, Denver, May 2011.
7.	Yoshiki Utsunomiya, Azhim Azran, Asato Suzuki, Masatake Akutagawa, Takahiro Emoto, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shigeru Obara, Hiroyuki Tanaka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Influence of Respiration on Variability of Peak Systolic Blood Flow Velocity in Common Carotid Artery: Preliminary Study, Proceedings of 2009 World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vol.25, No.7, 796-799, Munich, Sep. 2009.
8.	Azhim Azran, Ueno A., Tanaka M., Utsunomiya Yoshiki, Masatake Akutagawa, Shigeru Obara, Hiroyuki Tanaka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Evaluation on Envelope Waveforms of Velocity in Common Carotid Artery: Age-, Gender- and Regular Exercise-related Effect, Proceedings of 2009 World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vol.25, No.4, 1075-1078, Munich, Sep. 2009.
9.	Hideki Matoba, Masayuki Satake, Shigeru Obara and Toshio Tanaka : Running training markedly reduces serum TNF-alpha level in middle-aged and elderly runners, --- The 36th International Congress of Physiological Sciences (IUPS2009) ---, The Journal of Physiological Sciences, Vol.59, No.Suppl., 357, Kyoto, Jul. 2009.
10.	Masaki Takahashi, Hideki Matoba, Masayuki Satake, Toshio Tanaka, Mayumi Kaneyasu and Shigeru Obara : Effect of jogging training on oxidative stress responses and antioxidant capacity in middle-aged persons, --- 2009 American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting ---, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol.41, No.5 Suupl, S568, Seattle, May 2009.
11.	Azhim Azran, Masatake Akutagawa, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shigeru Obara, Masahiro Nomura, Hiroyuki Tanaka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Wireless blood velocity apectra measurement system for healthcare evaluation: Reference data, Proceedings of the 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 1427-1430, Vancouver, Aug. 2008.
12.	Azhim Azran, Masatake Akutagawa, Yuji Hirao, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shigeru Obara, Masahiro Nomura, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisao Yamaguchi and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Assessments of Carotid Velocity Waveform in Sedentary and Regular Execise-trained Men, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biological and Physiological Engineering /The 22nd SICE Symposium on Biological and Physiological Engineering, Vol.1, No.1, 284-287, Harbin, Jan. 2008. (Keyword) Portable blood velocimeter / blood velocity waveform / aging patterrn / regular exercise training
13.	Azhim Azran, Akioka Kohei, Masatake Akutagawa, Hirao Yuji, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shigeru Obara, Masahiro Nomura, Tanaka Hiroyuki, Hisao Yamaguchi and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Effects of Aging and Exercise Training on the Common Carotid Blood Velocities in Healthy Men, 29th IEEE EMBS Annual International Conference, 989-993, Lyon, France, Aug. 2007. (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 18002126 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-57649233432 (PubMed: 18002126, Elsevier: Scopus)
14.	Azhim Azran, Kohei Akioka, Masatake Akutagawa, Yuji Hirao, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shigeru Obara, Masahiro Nomura, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisao Yamaguchi and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Effect of Gender on Blood Flow Velocities and Blood Pressure: Role of Body Weight and Height, 29th IEEE EMBS Annual International Conference, 967, Lyon, France, Aug. 2007. (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 18002119 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-57649143534 (PubMed: 18002119, Elsevier: Scopus)
15.	Azhim Azran, Mizuki Katai, Masatake Akutagawa, Yuji Hirao, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shigeru Obara, Masahiro Nomura, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisao Yamaguchi and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Measurement of Blood Flow Velocity Waveforms in the Carotid, Brachial and Femoral Arteries during Postural Change, Proceedings of the Intenational Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, 438-442, Singapore, Dec. 2006.
16.	Azhim Azran, Mizuki Katai, Masatake Akutagawa, Yuji Hirao, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shigeru Obara, Masahiro Nomura, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisao Yamaguchi and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Exercise Training Improved Blood Flow Velocity and Autonomic Nervous Activity, Proceedings of the Intenational Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, 517-522, Singapore, Dec. 2006.
17.	Azhim Azran, Mizuki Katai, Masatake Akutagawa, Yuji Hirao, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shigeru Obara, Masahiro Nomura, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisao Yamaguchi and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Blood Flow Velocities in Common Carotid Artery Changes with Age and Exercise, Proceedings of the Intenational Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, 523-530, Singapore, Dec. 2006.
18.	Mizuki Katai, Azhim Azran, Tatsuaki Kamiya, Masatake Akutagawa, Yuji Hirao, Hisao Yamaguchi, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Masahiro Nomura, Shigeru Obara, Hiroyuki Tanaka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Measurement and analysis of carotid blood flow and ECG in cardiac, Proceedings of 2006 World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Seoul, Korea, August 27-September 1, 2006, Vol.1, 3359-3362, Seoul, Aug. 2006.
19.	Azhim Azran, Tatsuaki Kamiya, Mizuki Katai, Masatake Akutagawa, Yuji Hirao, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Masahiro Nomura, Shigeru Obara, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisao Yamaguchi and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Changes in the common carotid blood velocity waveform for exercise training, Proceedings of 2006 World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Seoul, Korea, August 27-September 1, 2006, Vol.1, Seoul, Aug. 2006.
20.	Tatsuaki Kamiya, Azhim Azran, Masatake Akutagawa, Hisao Yamaguchi, Masahiro Nomura, Shigeru Obara, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Kazuo Yoshizaki and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Detection of a maximum blood flow velocity variation in the carotid artery during physical exercise using BPNN, Proceedings of 2006 World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Seoul, Korea, August 27-September 1, 2006, Vol.1, 3271-3274, Seoul, Aug. 2006.
21.	Azhim Azran, Katai Mizuki, Akutagawa Masatake, Hirao Yuji and Shigeru Obara : Blood Flow Velocities in Common Carotid Artery Changes with Age and Exercise, --- Study by using of telemetry method ---, Proceeding of International Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering 2006 (ICBPE 2006), 523-530, 2006.
22.	Azhim Azran, Katai Mizuki, Akutagawa Masatake, Hirao Yuji and Shigeru Obara : Exercise Training Improved Blood Flow Velocity and Autonomic Nervous Activity, Proceeding of International Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering 2006 (ICBPE 2006), 517-522, 2006.
23.	Shigeru Obara and Satoru Shirakawa : Comparisons of heart rate and blood pressure at heart sounds breaking point between young and middle-aged men, 10th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Belgrade ,Selbia-Monteneguro, Jun. 2005.
24.	Shigeru Obara, Masayuki Satake, Tetsuya Niki, Kimiyuki Iwashita and Hiroaki Tanaka : The existence of heart sounds amplitude breaking point and its relation to blood lactate and blood pressure during graded cycle ergometer exercise, Proceeding of European College of Sport Science, Clermont-Ferrand, France, Jul. 2004.
25.	Shigeru Obara, Kazuya Monna and Masanobu Haraguchi : Physical fitness assessment of leg muscle strength and tapping rhythm for aged persons, Proceeding of 8th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science (Austria, Salzburg), Salzburg, Jul. 2003. (Summary) 加齢による運動能力等の評価を足の筋肉の強さの定量評価と一定のリズム音を効きながら指先で机等をたたく(タップ)する時の揺らぎを評価する事で行い，それらが相関があることを示した．
26.	Shigeru Obara and Hayato Yoshida : Cardiac and vessel autonomic nerve activity during static muscle contraction, 7th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Vol.1, 196, Athens, Greece, Jul. 2002.
27.	Shigeru Obara and Toyoko Miki : Elevated diastolic blood pressure during mild intensity pedaling in middle-aged persons, 6th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, 951, Cologne, Germany, Jul. 2001.
28.	Shigeru Obara, Toyoko Miki and Hatsumi Shizaki : A new method of hand grip power measurEment for the elderly, 5th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Jyvaskyla, Finland, Jul. 2000.
29.	Shigeru Obara, Tetsuya Shiuchi and Mitsumasa Sato : Effect of endurance exercise on ketone bodies after 13-hr fast, 4th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Rome, Italy, Jul. 1999.
30.	Shigeru Obara, Tetsuya Shiuchi and Yumi Kuwamura : Blood pressure response during combined (static and dynamic) exercise, The 45th the Annual Meeting of American College of Sports Medicine, Orlando, Jun. 1998.
31.	Shigeru Obara, Tetsuya Shiuchi and Yumi Kuwamura : Blood pressure response during intermittent static exercise and recovery phase, 26th FIMS World Congress of Sports Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA, May 1998.
32.	Shigeru Obara, Kimiko Kohda, Chikage Nomura and Yumi Kuwamura : Measurement of diastric blood pressure by auscultatolry recording method during dinamic and static exercise, 2nd Annual Congress of the European College of Sports Science, 992-993, Copenhagen, Aug. 1997.
33.	Shigeru Obara and Tetsuya Shiuchi : Relationship between propulsive force and energy consumption in tethered swimming, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Vol.29, No.5, S124, Denver, Colorado, USA, Mar. 1997.
34.	Shigeru Obara, T. Nomura, A.C. Jozsi, S.W. Trappe and D.L. Costill : Does pedaling rate affect blood pressure?, FISU/CESU Conference in Fukuoka (Universiade Sports Science Conference), Fukuoka, Aug. 1995.
35.	T. Nomura, D.L. Costill, G.A. Lee, B.H. Googpaster, Shigeru Obara and A. Matsui : Effects of sprint-assisted swimming on hand pressure during breast stroke, FISU/CESU Conference in Fukuoka (Universiade Sports Science Conference), Fukuoka, Aug. 1995.
36.	Hideki Matoba, Kumi Kitaoka, Kimiko Nakayasu, Shigeru Obara and Hideo Araki : Influence of moderate intensity exercise and a meal postexercise on heart rate and metabolic substrate level, Abstract of Asian Sport Science Congress, 140, Hiroshima, Sep. 1994.
37.	Shigeru Obara, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Eizo Bando, Hisao Yamaguchi and Hiroshi Miyamoto : Energy cost of 5km running depends upon maximal oxygen intake, The FIMS World Congress of Sports Medicine, Amsterdam, 1990.
38.	Zhen-Lin Jiang, Noboru Utsuyama, Eizo Bando, Seiichi Fukuta, Shigeru Obara, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Shingo Tanabe, Jun Nakahira, Akira Takahashi, Hisao Yamaguchi and Hiroshi Miyamoto : Effects of immersion and diving on apperance of arrhythmia in the electrocardiogram, The FIMS World Congress of Sports Medicine, Amsterdam, 1990.
39.	Seiichi Fukuta, Hisao Ymaguchi, Noboru Utsuyama, Shigeru Obara, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Jun Nakahira, Eizo Bando and Hiroshi Miyamoto : Development of instruments for amphibious telemetry of human ECG during exercise, Proceeding of 1988 Seoul Olympic Scientific Congress, Cheonan, Korea, 1988.
40.	Shigeru Obara, Hisao Yamaguchi, Eizo Bando and Hiroshi Miyamoto : Changes in blood pressure during exercise -- Auscultatory Recording Method --, 1988 Seoul Olympic Scientific Congress, Cheonan, Korea, 1988.
41.	Shigeru Obara, Hisao Yamaguchi, Eizo Bando, Hiroshi Miyamoto and Yoshikane Oka : Changes in durations of systole and diastole in the cardiac cycle in bicycle exercise., The FIMS World Congress of Sports Medicine, Brisbane, Australia, 1986.

Proceeding of Domestic Conference:

1.	多田亜梨沙, Masatake Akutagawa, Takahiro Emoto, Shigeru Obara, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Akihiro Inagaki, Kazuyoshi Kitaoka, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Shinsuke Konaka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : 超音波ドプラ法を用いた血流速度測定装置のディジタル化に関する検討, Journal of Shikoku-Section Joint Convention of the Institutes of Electrical and Related Engineers, No.14-13, 241, Sep. 2014. (Summary) 頸動脈血流速度波形を測定することによって動脈硬化の程度など循環器系の様々な状態を知ることができることがわかってきた．小型血流速度測定装置が普及すると日常的に循環器の状態を測定することができるようになり，健康長寿社会へも繋げることもできるかもしれない．そのためには低雑音で扱いの容易な測定装置の開発が必須である．本研究ではFPGAなどのディジタル回路を用いて回路の主要部分再設計し，低雑音の測定装置の開発を試みた．
2.	Takahiro Hirano, Masatake Akutagawa, Takahiro Emoto, Shigeru Obara, Kazuyoshi Kitaoka, Yohsuke Kinouchi, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Shinsuke Konaka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Study on sound pressure distribution of blood flow velocity in carotid artery, 2013 Shikoku-section Joint Convention Record of the Institutes of Electrical and Related Engineers, 243, Sep. 2013. (Summary) 頸動脈の血流速度波形は動脈硬化など循環器系の状態を表していることがわかっている．従来，血流速度の評価に用いているのは動脈内の最大血流速度を反映していると考えられる時間波形であるが，動脈内の速度分布は時々刻々変化しているにもかかわらず，評価には反映されていない．そこで超音波ドプラ法を用いた頸動脈測定時に測定結果に血流速度分布がどのように影響するかについて，計算機シミュレーションを用いて検討している．
3.	新居アユ子, 矢田光一, Shigeru Obara and Hideki Matoba : 持久性トレーニングによる糖代謝改善効果はビタミンC投与により阻害されない, Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Vol.61, No.6, 629, Dec. 2012.
4.	Motoshi Masuda, Masatake Akutagawa, Tomoki Kitawaki, Shigeru Obara, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Kazuyoshi Kitaoka, Takahiro Emoto, Shinsuke Konaka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Evaluation of blood flow velocity patterns in common carotid artery using multi-branched arterial segment model of human arteries, Journal of Shikoku-Section Joint Convention of the Institutes of Electrical and Related Engineers, 257, Sep. 2012. (Summary) 総頸動脈血流速度波形と動脈弾性の関係について，1次元流体解析モデルを用いて検討している．動脈モデルはヒトの全身の主要な動脈を多枝セグメントモデルとして構築したものを用い，動脈弾性を変化させた時の総頸動脈の血流速度波形を求めた結果，動脈弾性の変化により血流速度波形が変化することを示した．これにより総頸動脈の血流速度波形を調べることにより動脈硬化を評価することができる可能性を示した．
5.	Takahiro Hirano, Motoshi Masuda, Shota Minato, Masatake Akutagawa, Takahiro Emoto, Shigeru Obara, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Kazuyoshi Kitaoka, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Shinsuke Konaka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Relationship of artery elesticity index and gender difference using carotid blood flow velocity waveforms, Journal of Shikoku-Section Joint Convention of the Institutes of Electrical and Related Engineers, 256, Sep. 2012. (Summary) 波形から自動抽出可能な動脈弾性指標の提案を目的とし，評価の妥当性を確認するため，血流速度と CAVI の測定を行い，提案した指標と CAVI の関係を調べた．また，動脈は加齢により硬化する事や，男性に比べ閉経前の女性は軟らかい事から，提案した指標と年齢の関係や性差について調べた．
6.	Shota Minato, Masatake Akutagawa, Takahiro Emoto, Shigeru Obara, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Kazuyoshi Kitaoka, Shinsuke Konaka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Study on automatic threshold selection of blood flow velocity extraction in carotid artery, Journal of Shikoku-Section Joint Convention of the Institutes of Electrical and Related Engineers, 255, Sep. 2012. (Summary) 頸動脈血流速度波形は動脈硬化等の循環器系の状態を反映しており，容易に測定し被測定者に提示することができれば，循環器系疾患の予防・早期発見に繋がる可能性がある．このため，小型頸動脈血流速度の測定装置を開発してきた．従来は測定者が血流速度波形抽出の為に手動でドプラ信号スペクトルの閾値を決定しなければならず，より客観的かつ，自動的な血流速度波形の抽出法の開発が望まれていた．そこで，閾値の自動選択手法について提案し，検討を行った．
7.	Shota Minato, Motoshi Masuda, Masatake Akutagawa, Takahiro Emoto, Shigeru Obara, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Kazuyoshi Kitaoka, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Shinsuke Konaka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : 頚動脈血流速度波形抽出の自動化に関する研究, 平成24年電気学会電子・情報・システム部門大会, 1104-1108, Sep. 2012. (Summary) 頸動脈血流速度波形は動脈硬化等の循環器系の状態を反映しており，容易に測定し被測定者に提示することができれば，循環器系疾患の予防・早期発見に繋がる可能性がある．このため，小型頸動脈血流速度の測定装置を開発してきた．従来は測定者が血流速度波形抽出の為に手動でドプラ信号スペクトルの閾値を決定しなければならず，より客観的かつ，自動的な血流速度波形の抽出法の開発が望まれていた．そこで，閾値の自動選択手法について提案し，検討を行った．
8.	新居アユ子, 矢田光一, Shigeru Obara and Hideki Matoba : ビタミンC投与が長時間水泳トレーニングによる糖代謝改善に及ぼす影響, 四国体育スポーツ学会兼日本体育学会四国支部平成23年度講演・研究会資料, 17-18, Mar. 2012.
9.	岩藤のり子, Hideki Matoba and Shigeru Obara : The effects of daily physical activity and sex on knee extension srength in middle aged humans, Advances in Exercise and Sports Physiology, Vol.17, No.2, 74, Dec. 2011.
10.	Nii Auko, Koichi Yada, Shigeru Obara and Hideki Matoba : Effect of vitamin C supplementation and training on indices of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in rats, Advances in Exercise and Sports Physiology, Vol.17, No.2, 61, Dec. 2011.
11.	Motoshi Masuda, Masatake Akutagawa, Shigeru Obara, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Kazuyoshi Kitaoka, Takahiro Emoto, Shinsuke Konaka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Study on blood flow velocity patterns using one-dimensional computer simulation of human arteries, Journal of Shikoku-Section Joint Convention of the Institutes of Electrical and Related Engineers, 232, Sep. 2011. (Summary) 血流速度測定システムを開発し，様々な条件で総頸動脈(CCA)血流速度測定を行ってきた．先行研究では，測定結果の波形に見られる特徴点の値から，動脈硬化などの評価の検討を行ってきたが，波形の個人差の成因について理論的に裏付けられていない．本研究では数値流体シミュレーションを用いてCCAの血流速度波形の再現を検討した．
12.	Kouki Aoyama, Motoshi Masuda, Shota Minato, Masatake Akutagawa, Takahiro Emoto, Shigeru Obara, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Kazuyoshi Kitaoka, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Shinsuke Konaka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Evaluation of atherosclerosis using carotid blood flow velocity waveforms, Journal of Shikoku-Section Joint Convention of the Institutes of Electrical and Related Engineers, 231, Sep. 2011. (Summary) 左総頸動脈における頸動脈血流速度波形は加齢の影響を強く受け，収縮期の最大速度に続いて現れる第2のピーク(S2)は動脈の硬化に伴って隆起する事が示唆されている．だが，被験者によってはS2が不明瞭であり，目視による値のばらつきも大きい．本稿では左総頸動脈血流速度波形からS2に替わり定量的・機械的に求めることができる動脈硬化の指標を提案する．そしてその指標の妥当性を確認するために，心臓足首血管指数との関連を調べた．
13.	Shota Minato, Masatake Akutagawa, Shigeru Inui, Yasushi Toyosu, Shigeru Obara, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Kazuyoshi Kitaoka, Zhong Wang, Shinsuke Konaka, Takahiro Emoto and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Simultaneous Measurement of High Precision Body Surface Electrocardiogram and Blood Flow Velocity, Journal of Shikoku-Section Joint Convention of the Institutes of Electrical and Related Engineers, 230, Sep. 2011. (Summary) 循環器系疾患の予防・早期発見のため，先行研究で小型の血流計測装置を開発し血流動態の解明を目指してきた．さらに詳細な診断ができるように左総頸動脈の血流速度と高精度体表面心電計による心電図との同期測定を行った．
14.	Asato Suzuki, Masahiro Minato, Masatake Akutagawa, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shigeru Obara, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yuji Hirao, Takahiro Emoto, Kazuyoshi Kitaoka, Tomoki Kitawaki, Hisao Oka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Study on blood flow velocity patterns using one-dimensional computer simulation of human arteries, IEICE Technical Report, Vol.110, No.460, 107-111, Mar. 2011. (Summary) 数値流体シミュレーションを用いて総頸動脈血流パターンを再現し，収縮期の最大速度に続いて現れる第2のピーク(S2)が現れる現象の発生要因の特定を目指す. (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520572357929235968 (CiNii: 1520572357929235968)
15.	高橋将記, 鈴木克彦, Hideki Matoba, 坂本静男 and Shigeru Obara : 異なる強度の持久性運動負荷が酸化ストレス指標に及ぼす影響, Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Vol.59, No.6, 711, Sep. 2010.
16.	Masahiro Minato, Asato Suzuki, Hiroki Aoyama, Masatake Akutagawa, Takahiro Emoto, Yuji Hirao, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shigeru Obara, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Shinsuke Konaka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : The improvement of the doppler signal decision circuit in the portable blood flow measurement system, Journal of Shikoku-Section Joint Convention of the Institutes of Electrical and Related Engineers, 206, Sep. 2010.
17.	Koki Aoyama, Shigeru Obara, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Kazuyoshi Kitaoka, Yuji Hirao, Masatake Akutagawa, Takahiro Emoto, Akihiro Inagaki, Shinsuke Konaka, Kazuo Yoshizaki and Yohsuke Kinouchi : 頚動脈血流速度パターンの折れ線近似を用いた評価, 第33回日本生体医工学会中国四国支部大会, 22, Sep. 2010.
18.	Hiroyuki Tanaka, アズランアズヒム, Shigeru Obara, Yohsuke Kinouchi, UTUYAMA NOBORU and MIYAMOTO HIROSI : Effects of isokinetic knee extension and fiexion exercise strength on blood flow velocity in the carotid artery., 体力科学/第65回日本体力医学会中国・四国地方会抄録集, Vol.59, No.4, 441, May 2010.
19.	Shigeru Obara, 高橋将記, Masayuki Satake, Kenichi Maeda and Hideki Matoba : 中高年男女の10kmジョギングでの疲労感と酸化ストレス, Journal of Running Science, Mar. 2010.
20.	高橋将記, Hideki Matoba, Masayuki Satake, 兼安真弓 and Shigeru Obara : 中高年者における低強度の持久性トレーニングが血中の酵素的抗酸化能力に及ぼす影響, Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Vol.58, No.6, 708, Sep. 2009.
21.	Masahiro Minato, Asato Suzuki, Yoshiki Utunomiya, Masatake Akutagawa, Yuji Hirao, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shigeru Obara, Hiroyuki Tanaka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Measurement of the Carotid Blood Flow Velocity during Bicycle Exercise, Journal of Shikoku-Section Joint Convention of the Institutes of Electrical and Related Engineers, 226, Sep. 2009.
22.	Yoshiki Utunomiya, Masahiro Minato, Asato Suzuki, Takahiro Emoto, Masatake Akutagawa, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Shigeru Obara, Kazuo Yoshizaki and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Change of heart rate and peak systolic blood flow velocity in common carotid artery during Head-up Tilt using power spectral analysis, Journal of Shikoku-Section Joint Convention of the Institutes of Electrical and Related Engineers, 225, Sep. 2009.
23.	Yoshiki Utsunomiya, Azhim Azran, Asato Suzuki, Masatake Akutagawa, Takahiro Emoto, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Shigeru Obara and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Measurement of blood flow velocity in the carotid artery using blood flow velocity telemetory system, 電気学会電子·情報·システム部門大会論文集, No.MC8-3, 812-816, Sep. 2009.
24.	高橋将記, Hideki Matoba, Shigeru Obara, Masayuki Satake and Toshio Tanaka : 中高年者のマラソントレーニングが血中酸化ストレス指標に及ぼす影響, Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Vol.57, No.6, 731, Sep. 2008.
25.	宇都宮芳希, Azhim Azran, 秋岡響平, 鈴木安里, Masatake Akutagawa, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Shigeru Obara, Kazuo Yoshizaki and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Evaluation of blood flow velocity variability in common carotid artery using power spectral analysis, Journal of Shikoku-Section Joint Convention of the Institutes of Electrical and Related Engineers, 246, Sep. 2008.
26.	鈴木安里, 篠原康一, Azhim Azran, 秋岡響平, 宇都宮芳希, Masatake Akutagawa, 平尾友二, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shigeru Obara, Masahiro Nomura, Hiroyuki Tanaka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : A Study on Measurement of the Carotid Blood Flow Velocity during Bicycle Exercise, Journal of Shikoku-Section Joint Convention of the Institutes of Electrical and Related Engineers, 245, Sep. 2008.
27.	秋岡響平, Azhim Azran, 宇都宮芳希, Masatake Akutagawa, 平尾友二, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shigeru Obara, Masahiro Nomura, Hiroyuki Tanaka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : The development of the portable Blood Flow Measurement System, Journal of Shikoku-Section Joint Convention of the Institutes of Electrical and Related Engineers, 244, Sep. 2008.
28.	Azhim Azran, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Shigeru Obara, Kazuo Yoshizaki and Yohsuke Kinouchi : 血流速度波形を用いた心臓自律神経系活動の評価の検討, Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Vol.57, No.4, 521, 2008.
29.	篠原康一, Azhim Azran, 秋岡響平, Masatake Akutagawa, 平尾友二, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shigeru Obara, Masahiro Nomura, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisao Yamaguchi and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Blood flow velocity pattern of carotid artery for people doing regular physical training, 第30回日本生体医工学会中四国支部大会講演抄録, 9, Oct. 2007. (Keyword) blood flow velocity / physical training / ultrasound Doppler method
30.	山本紗世, Azhim Azran, 篠原康一, 秋岡響平, Masatake Akutagawa, 平尾友二, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shigeru Obara, Masahiro Nomura, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisao Yamaguchi and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Measurement of blood flow velocity in the carotid artery for head movements, Journal of Shikoku-Section Joint Convention of the Institutes of Electrical and Related Engineers, 239, Sep. 2007.
31.	秋岡響平, Azhim Azran, 篠原康一, Masatake Akutagawa, 平尾友二, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shigeru Obara, Masahiro Nomura, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisao Yamaguchi and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Effect of Gender and body size on Blood Flow Velocities and Blood Pressure, Journal of Shikoku-Section Joint Convention of the Institutes of Electrical and Related Engineers, 238, Sep. 2007.
32.	篠原康一, Azhim Azran, 秋岡響平, Masatake Akutagawa, 平尾友二, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shigeru Obara, Masahiro Nomura, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisao Yamaguchi and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Blood flow velocity waveformas of the carotid artery for people doing regular physical training and without regular physical training, Journal of Shikoku-Section Joint Convention of the Institutes of Electrical and Related Engineers, 237, Sep. 2007.
33.	Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisao Yamaguchi, Azhim Azran, Yohsuke Kinouchi, Yuji Hirao, Shigeru Obara, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Toshitaka Ikehara, 宇都山登 and Hiroshi Miyamoto : 頸動脈血流速度計測システムの改良と波形情報について, Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Vol.56, No.6, 639, 2007.
34.	Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisao Yamaguchi, Shigeru Obara, Azhim Azran, Yohsuke Kinouchi, Yuji Hirao, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Toshitaka Ikehara, 宇都山登 and Hiroshi Miyamoto : 頸動脈血流速度波形情報, Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Vol.56, No.5, 545, 2007.
35.	Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisao Yamaguchi, Shigeru Obara, Azhim Azran, Yohsuke Kinouchi, Yuji Hirao, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Toshitaka Ikehara, 宇都山登 and Hiroshi Miyamoto : 頸動脈血流速度波形解析, Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Vol.56, No.2, 296, 2007.
36.	Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisao Yamaguchi, Shigeru Obara, Azhim Azran, Mizuki Katai, Tatsuaki Kamiya, Yuji Hirao, Yohsuke Kinouchi, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Toshitaka Ikehara, 宇都山登 and Hiroshi Miyamoto : 頸動脈血流速度波形解析, 第58回日本生体医工学会中・四国地方会, Nov. 2006.
37.	Azhim Azran, Shinohara Kohichi, Katai Mizuki, Kamiya Tatsuaki, Yuji Hirao, Hisao Yamaguchi, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Masahiro Nomura, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Shigeru Obara and Yohsuke Kinouchi : The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Blood Flow Velocity and Autonomic Activity, Journal of Shikoku-Section Joint Convention of the Institutes of Electrical and Related Engineers, 3258, Sep. 2006.
38.	篠原康一, Azhim Azran, Katai Mizuki, Kamiya Tatsuaki, Yuji Hirao, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Shigeru Obara, Masahiro Nomura, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisao Yamaguchi and Yohsuke Kinouchi : 高血圧症患者と健常者の血流速度パターンの解析, Journal of Shikoku-Section Joint Convention of the Institutes of Electrical and Related Engineers, 194, Sep. 2006.
39.	Mizuki Katai, Azhim Azran, Tatsuaki Kamiya, Koichi Shinohara, Yuji Hirao, Hisao Yamaguchi, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Masahiro Nomura, Shigeru Obara, Hiroyuki Tanaka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : 加齢による頚動脈血流速度の変化, Journal of Shikoku-Section Joint Convention of the Institutes of Electrical and Related Engineers, 193, Sep. 2006.
40.	Tatsuaki Kamiya, Azhim Azran, Mizuki Katai, Masatake Akutagawa, Hisao Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Masahiro Nomura, Shigeru Obara, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Yuji Hirao and Yohsuke Kinouchi : 運動中の頸動脈血流測定による血液循環システム変化の検出, Journal of Shikoku-Section Joint Convention of the Institutes of Electrical and Related Engineers, 192, Sep. 2006.
41.	Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisao Yamaguchi, Shigeru Obara, Azhim Azran, Yohsuke Kinouchi, Yuji Hirao, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Toshitaka Ikehara, 宇都山登 and Hiroshi Miyamoto : 頸動脈血流速度計測システムの改良と波形解析について, 第61回日本体力医学会大会, Vol.55, No.6, 649, Sep. 2006. (Keyword) 超音波ドプラ / 頸動脈血流速度 / 血流速度波形
42.	Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisao Yamaguchi, Shigeru Obara, Azhim Azran, Yohsuke Kinouchi, Yuji Hirao, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Toshitaka Ikehara, Noboru Utsuyama and Hiroshi Miyamoto : Waveform analysis of the blood flow velocity in the common carotid artery measured by the Doppler ultrasound method., 体力科学第57回日本体力医学会中国・四国地方会, Vol.55, No.5, 536, Jun. 2006. (Keyword) 連続波超音波ドプラ法 / 頸動脈血流速度波形 / 波形パターン
43.	野村昌弘, 中安紀美子, Masayuki Satake, 的場秀樹 and Shigeru Obara : 運動習慣および炎症マーカーが冠動脈プラークに及ぼす影響, Heart, Vol.38, 28-30, 2006.
44.	野村昌弘, 中安紀美子, 佐竹昌之, 的場秀樹 and Shigeru Obara : 運動習慣および炎症マーカーが冠動脈プラークに及ぼす影響, Heart, Vol.38, 28-30, 2006.
45.	Shigeru Obara, Masayuki Satake and Toshio Tanaka : マラソン完走目標の7ヶ月間の練習における形態と下肢筋力の変化, Journal of Running Science, Apr. 2005.
46.	TETSUYA NIKI, Masayuki Satake and Shigeru Obara : A relationship between heart sounds breaking point (HSBP) and lactate threshold in graded cycle exercise., Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Vol.53, No.2, 274, Apr. 2004. (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1572824501729946880 (CiNii: 1572824501729946880)
47.	仁木哲哉, Masayuki Satake and Shigeru Obara : 漸増負荷運動時の心音の増強とブレイキングポイント, Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Vol.52, 877, Dec. 2003. (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1570009751963605376 (CiNii: 1570009751963605376)
48.	有松佐知子, Shigeru Obara and Hideki Matoba : The effect of voluntary wheel running on whole body and skeletal muscle metabolism in the rat, 金子公宥(編)合同学会大会大阪2000論集, Vol.6, 128, Jul. 2000.
49.	有松佐知子, 佐藤大輔, Shigeru Obara and Hideki Matoba : ラットの自発走トレーニングが全身と骨格筋レベルの脂質代謝に及ぼす影響, 第46回日本体力医学会中国・四国地方会第19回運動生理・バイオメカニクス中四国セミナー合同学会予稿集, 15-16, 2000.
50.	Yumi Kuwamura, Tetsuya Shiuchi and Shigeru Obara : 静的及び動的動作の複合運動における血圧応答, Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Vol.46, No.6, 880, Dec. 1997.
51.	志内哲也, Yumi Kuwamura and Shigeru Obara : 間欠的な静的運動における血圧上昇について, Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Vol.46, No.6, 881, Sep. 1997.
52.	宮川典章, Hideki Matoba, Shigeru Obara and 緒方美奈子 : エキセントリックな収縮による筋損傷が肘屈筋の力-速度関係に及ぼす影響, 第16回運動生理・バイオメカニクス中四国セミナー大会予稿集, 27-28, 1996.
53.	Shigeru Obara, Hideo Araki and Masayuki Satake : 連続跳躍動作時の酸素摂取量と血中乳酸濃度の関係, Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Mar. 1991.
54.	Masayuki Satake, Hiroshi Kuroda, Shigeru Obara, Hideo Araki, 石原昭彦 and Atsunori Matsui : 連続跳躍動作(その場跳躍)における跳躍頻度と酸素摂取量及び心拍数の関係, Proceedings of the Congress of the Japanese Society of Physical Education, No.40, 325, Sep. 1989. (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1390282681066799360 (CiNii: 1390282681066799360)
55.	Shigeru Obara, Kimiko Nakayasu, 山口久雄, 坂東栄三, 岡芳包 and 宮本博司 : 動的静的運動時の心臓血管系反応の比較, 第21回日本体力医学会四国地方会, Nov. 1988. (Summary) 動的運動と静的運動の筋収縮の様式の違いが，循環系に及ぼす影響について検討した．軽い負荷時の両運動における心血管系の反応は，中枢循環に関連する項目には差はみられないが，末梢循環に関連する項目に差がみられた．
56.	Shigeru Obara, Kimiko Nakayasu, Yutaka Ikuta, 山口久雄, 坂東栄三, 岡芳包 and 宮本博司 : 安静時と運動時の収縮期血圧の関係について, 第18回日本体力医学会四国地方会, Nov. 1986.
57.	Kimiko Nakayasu, Shigeru Obara and Yutaka Ikuta : 学校における血圧測定の意義-運動時血圧変動からの考察, 第18回中国四国学校保健学会, Jun. 1986. (Summary) 安静時の収縮期血圧が高い者は，運動時において心拍数で推定した収縮期血圧が，高い傾向を示した．血圧の上昇による心筋の仕事量が冠血流量の増加を上回る場合，心筋虚血の状態になることも考えられ，安全管理上，学校での血圧測定の意義を指摘した．
58.	Kimiko Nakayasu, 尾方節子, 郭野好子, 大内由美, 中西仁美, 原田博美 and Shigeru Obara : 自転車運動時の血圧および総末梢血管抵抗の変動について(その2), 第16回日本体力医学会四国地方会, Dec. 1985. (Summary) 学会発表24の仮説にもとづき，運動群と非運動群を対象に(TPRindex)の値の変動範囲を明らかにした．
59.	Kimiko Nakayasu, 尾方節子, 国分智子, 浜口知津子 and Shigeru Obara : 自転車運動時の血圧および総末梢血管抵抗の変動について(その1), 第16回日本体力医学会四国地方会, Dec. 1985. (Summary) 総末梢血管抵抗(TPR)を平均血圧(BPm/HR)/心拍数(HR)で求めた(TPRindex)の信頼性を，自転車運動の負荷による血圧の変動との関連で検討し，その有効性を明らかにした．
60.	山下佐由美, 小川陽子, 仲川曜子, Kimiko Nakayasu and Shigeru Obara : 児童生徒水泳選手の有酸素的作業能力と体格の特性, 第14回日本体力医学会四国地方会, Jun. 1984. (Summary) 成長期における水泳のトレーニング効果を明らかにする目的で，小中学生の水泳選手とコントロール群の，有酸素的作業能力と形態測定との関係を比較検討した．特に身体発育の旺盛な思春期の身体活動の効果を指摘した．

Et cetera, Workshop:

1.	Arisa Tada, Masatake Akutagawa, Takahiro Emoto, Shigeru Obara, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Kazuyoshi Kitaoka, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yohsuke Kinouchi and Shinsuke Konaka : Comparison of the arterial elasticity evaluation based on the carotid blood flow velocity and CAVI, IEICE Technical Report (MBE), Vol.115, No.147, 19-22, Jul. 2015. (Summary) 近年，日本国内における死亡原因の約25%は脳梗塞や心筋梗塞など循環器系疾患であることが厚生労働省より報告されている．家庭における動脈弾性の定期的な診断が実現すれば，生活習慣の改善につながり，動脈硬化の進行を抑制が期待できる．頸動脈血流速度波形では，動脈弾性の指標となりうることが期待されている．そこで，動脈硬化の指標であるCAVIと比較することにより，頸動脈血流速度波形を用いた指標の妥当性を調査した．被験者は弾性134名，女性116名の計250名で，血流速度測定した後，CAVIを測定した．結果，S1やS2/S1，FAIとCAVIに相関があり(r>0.58)，動脈弾性の指標となることを示唆した． (Keyword) blood flow velocity / carotid artery / artery elasticity / CAVI (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520853833178490752 (CiNii: 1520853833178490752)
2.	Kouki Aoyama, Masatake Akutagawa, Takahiro Emoto, Shigeru Obara, Kazuo Yoshizaki, Kazuyoshi Kitaoka, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Shinsuke Konaka and Yohsuke Kinouchi : Evaluation of atherosclerosis using carotid blood flow velocity waveforms, --- Feature extraction of systolic ---, 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告，MEとバイオサイバネティックス研究会, Vol.111, No.121, 41-46, Jul. 2011. (Summary) 左総頸動脈血流速度波形にて，収縮期の最大速度(S1)に続いて現れる第2のピーク(S2)は，動脈硬化の指標となり得ることが示唆されている．だが被験者によってはS2が不明瞭であり，目視による値のばらつきが大きい．そこで，S2に替わり血液速度波形から機械的に求めることができる指標A<sub>HR</sub>， A<sub>SII</sub> (S1以降収縮期面積)を提案する．そして血庄と脈波伝播速度から求められる動脈硬化の指標のCAVI (心臓足首血管指数)との関連からパラメータの妥当性を確認した．その結果A<sub>HR</sub>がCAVIと最も強い相関(r=0.765)があり，動脈硬化の指標として妥当であると確認できた． (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1520853832837782656 (CiNii: 1520853832837782656)

Report:

1.	Toshio Tanaka, AYUMI KAWASHIMA and Shigeru Obara : 公開講座「ホノルルマラソンを走ろう」の10年, Journal of University Extension, Vol.21, No.1, 65-72, Tokushima, Mar. 2012. (Tokushima University Institutional Repository) ● Metadata: 112189 (Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 112189)

Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKEN Grants Database @ NII.ac.jp)

The study of safe and efficacious for exercise prescription andassessment of cardiac performance determine with heart sound. (Project/Area Number: 22300240 )
An a amination of as rent of blood vessel stiffness by power spectral analysis of blood vessel sounds. (Project/Area Number: 15500486 )
Search by Researcher Number (00093849)

Professor Emeritus : Obara, Shigeru

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Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKEN Grants Database @ NII.ac.jp)