Tokushima University / Educator and Researcher Directory --- Minakawa, Noriaki

Personal Web Page

https://researchmap.jp/read0059834 (researchmap)

Field of Study

○	Pharmacy

Subject of Study

○	有機化合物や化学的手法を用いた生体機能の理解と制御 (核酸化学, medicinal chemistry, chemical biology)

Book / Paper

Book:

1.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : Chemistry of Cyclic Dinucleotides and Analogs, Mar. 2023.
2.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-チオ核酸によるセントラルドグマへの挑戦, Feb. 2023.
3.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 核酸科学ハンドブック, Dec. 2020.
4.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 第16章化学修飾DNAを利用したRNAi創薬, Aug. 2018.
5.	Noriaki Minakawa, Akira Matsuda and Noriko Saito-Tarashima : RNA bioisoster: Chemistry and properties of 4'-thioRNA and 4'-selenoRNA, Springer, 2018.
6.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Akira Matsuda and Noriaki Minakawa : Four-hydrogen-bonding base pairs in oligonucleotides: design, synthesis and properties, Springer, 2018.
7.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 第8章生物学的等価性を指向した化学修飾 DNA による核酸創薬研究, シーエムシ-出版, Apr. 2017.
8.	Noriaki Minakawa and Matsuda Akira : Design,Characterization,and Application of Imidazopyridopyrimidine:Naphthyridine Base-Pairing Motifs Consisting of Four Hydroren Bonds, Springer, 2014.

Academic Paper (Judged Full Paper):

1.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Kagotani Yuma, INOUE Shuya, Kinoshita Mao and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis of 4-Thiomodified c-di-AMP Analogs, Current Protocols, No.3, e892, 2023.
2.	YUHEI Nogi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Sangita Karanjit and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis and Behavior of DNA Oligomers Containing the Ambiguous Z-Nucleobase 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide, Molecules, Vol.28, No.7, 3265, 2023.
3.	Jinha Yu, Won Ji Kim, Girish Chandra, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Yuhei Nogi, Masashi Ohta, Noriaki Minakawa and Shin Lak Jeong : Synthesis of oligonucleotides containing 5-homo-4-selenouridine derivative and its increased resistance against nuclease, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Vol.83, 129172, 2023. (Summary) As technologies using RNA or DNA have been developed, various chemical modifications of nucleosides have been attempted to increase the stability of oligonucleotides. Since it is known that 2'-OMe-modification greatly contributes to increasing the stability of oligonucleotides, we added 2'-OMe to our previously developed 4'-selenonucleoside and 5'-homo-4'-selenonucleoside as the modified monomers for oligonucleotide: 2'-methoxy-4'-selenouridine (2'-OMe-4'-Se-U) and 5'-homo-2'-methoxy-4'-selenouridine (5'-homo-2'-OMe-4'-Se-U). We synthesized oligonucleotides containing the chemically modified 4'-selenouridine and evaluated their thermal stability and nuclease resistance. In conclusion, the nuclease stability of the oligonucleotide containing 5'-homo-2'-OMe-4'-selenouridine increased while its thermal stability decreased. (Keyword) Oligonucleotides / Organoselenium Compounds / RNA / Uridine (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129172 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 36746352 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 36746352 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129172 (DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129172, PubMed: 36746352)
4.	Kou Motani, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Kohei Nishino, Shunya Yamauchi, Noriaki Minakawa and Hidetaka Kosako : The Golgi-resident protein ACBD3 concentrates STING at ER-Golgi contact sites to drive export from the ER, Cell Reports, Vol.41, No.12, 111868, 2022. (Summary) STING, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident receptor for cyclic di-nucleotides (CDNs), is essential for innate immune responses. Upon CDN binding, STING moves from the ER to the Golgi, where it activates downstream type-I interferon (IFN) signaling. General cargo proteins exit from the ER via concentration at ER exit sites. However, the mechanism of STING concentration is poorly understood. Here, we visualize the ER exit sites of STING by blocking its transport at low temperature or by live-cell imaging with the cell-permeable ligand bis-SATE-2'F-c-di-dAMP, which we have developed. After ligand binding, STING forms punctate foci at non-canonical ER exit sites. Unbiased proteomic screens and super-resolution microscopy show that the Golgi-resident protein ACBD3/GCP60 recognizes and concentrates ligand-bound STING at specialized ER-Golgi contact sites. Depletion of ACBD3 impairs STING ER-to-Golgi trafficking and type-I IFN responses. Our results identify the ACBD3-mediated non-canonical cargo concentration system that drives the ER exit of STING. (Keyword) Ligands / Proteomics / Membrane Proteins / Endoplasmic Reticulum / Golgi Apparatus / Interferon Type I / Protein Transport (Tokushima University Institutional Repository) ● Metadata: 118576 (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111868 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 36543137 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 36543137 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111868 (Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 118576, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111868, PubMed: 36543137)
5.	Masashi Ohta, Hiromi Takahashi, YUHEI Nogi, Yuma Kagotani, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Jiro Kondo and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis and properties of fully-modified 4-selenoRNA, an endonuclease-resistant RNA analog, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Vol.76, No.15, 117093, 2022. (Summary) A large number of chemically modified oligonucleotides (ONs) have been developed for RNA-based technologies. In most modified RNAs, the characteristic 2'-hydroxyl (2'-OH) groups are removed to enhance both nuclease resistance and hybridization ability. However, the importance of the 2'-OH group in RNA structure and function is well known. Here, we report the synthesis and properties of 4'-selenoRNA in which all four nucleoside units retain the 2'-OH groups but contain a selenium atom instead of an oxygen atom at the 4'-position of the furanose ring. 4'-SelenoRNA has enhanced ability to form duplexes with RNA, and high endonuclease resistance despite the presence of the 2'-OH groups. X-ray crystallography analysis showed that the 4'-selenoRNA duplex adopts an A-conformation, similar to natural RNA, although one 4'-selenocytidine residue has unusual South-type sugar puckering. Furthermore, preliminary studies using 4'-seleno-modified siRNAs suggest that 4'-selenoRNA may be applicable to RNA interference technology. Collectively, our results raise the possibility of a new class of modified RNA in which 2'-OH groups do not need to be masked. (Keyword) Endonucleases / RNA (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117093 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 36434923 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 36434923 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117093 (DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117093, PubMed: 36434923)
6.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Mana Ueno, Akiho Murai, Ayako Matsuo and Noriaki Minakawa : Cas9-mediated DNA cleavage guided by enzymatically prepared 4-thio-modified RNA, Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Vol.20, No.26, 5245-5248, 2022. (Summary) CRISPR-Cas9-mediated DNA editing relies on guide RNAs (gRNAs) that direct site-specific DNA cleavage by the Cas endonuclease. Because natural gRNA is susceptible to intracellular degradation, it is desirable to chemically protect it for efficient editing. Using 4'-thioribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates and T7 transcription, we have prepared 4'-thio-modified gRNAs that guide Cas9-mediated DNA cleavage. This approach is a simple way to obtain chemically modified RNA suitable for CRISPR-Cas9 DNA editing. (Keyword) CRISPR-Cas Systems / DNA Cleavage / RNA / RNA, Guide, Kinetoplastida (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1039/d2ob00742h (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 35726625 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 35726625 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1039/d2ob00742h (DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00742h, PubMed: 35726625)
7.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Akiho Murai and Noriaki Minakawa : Rewriting the Central Dogma with Synthetic Genetic Polymers, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, Vol.70, No.5, 310-315, 2022. (Summary) DNA and RNA are ubiquitous molecules responsible for storage and transmission of genetic information and together comprise the central dogma of molecular biology. However, the recent emergence of synthetic genetic polymers is providing an opportunity to challenge the fundamental principles of life. Herein, we describe the ongoing attempts to rewrite the central dogma with 4'-thioDNA and 4'-thioRNA, which feature a sulfur instead of an oxygen atom in the furanose ring moiety. Using reconstituted Escherichia coli gene expression machinery, studies have shown that the genetic information conserved in 4'-thioDNA can be transcribed to 4'-thioRNA and eventually translated into protein, mirroring the processes that occur in nature. Such studies underscore the feasibility of controlling life by substances other than DNA and RNA. (Keyword) DNA / Polymers / RNA (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1248/cpb.c21-00960 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 35491185 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 35491185 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1248/cpb.c21-00960 (DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00960, PubMed: 35491185)
8.	Motoki Nakamura, Kentaro Uemura, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Akihiko Sato, Yasuko Orba, Hirofumi Sawa, Akira Matsuda, Katsumi Maenaka and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis and Anti-dengue Virus Activity of 5-Ethynylimidazole-4-carboxamide (EICA) Nucleotide Prodrugs, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, Vol.70, No.3, 220-225, 2022. (Summary) We previously showed that 5-ethynyl-(1-β-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (1; EICAR) is a potent anti-dengue virus (DENV) compound but is cytotoxic to some cell lines, while its 4-thio derivative, 5-ethynyl-(4-thio-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (2; 4'-thioEICAR), has less cytotoxicity but also less anti-DENV activity. Based on the hypothesis that the lower anti-DENV activity of 2 is due to reduced susceptibility to phosphorylation by cellular kinase(s), we investigated whether a monophosphate prodrug of 2 can improve its activity. Here, we first prepared two types of prodrug of 1, which revealed that the S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) prodrug had stronger anti-DENV activity than the aryloxyphosphoramidate (so-called ProTide) prodrug. Based on these findings, we next prepared the SATE prodrug of 4'-thioEICAR 18. As expected, the resulting 18 showed potent anti-DENV activity, which was comparable to that of 1; however, its cytotoxicity was also increased relative to 2. Our findings suggest that prodrugs of 4'-thioribonucleoside derivatives such as EICAR (1) represent an effective approach to developing potent biologically active compounds; however, the balance between antiviral activity and cytotoxicity remains to be addressed. (Keyword) Antiviral Agents / Cell Line / Dengue Virus / Imidazoles / Nucleotides / Prodrugs / Virus Replication (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1248/cpb.c21-01038 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 34955490 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 34955490 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1248/cpb.c21-01038 (DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-01038, PubMed: 34955490)
9.	Naoto Hinotani, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : Convenient Synthesis of 3-Deazapurine Nucleosides (3-Deazainosine, 3-Deazaadenosine and 3-Deazaguanosine) Using Inosine as a Starting Material, Current Protocols, Vol.1, No.11, e297, 2021. (Summary) A convenient synthetic method for preparing 3-deazapurine nucleosides (3-deazainosine, 3-deazaadenosine, and 3-deazaguanosine) from inosine via a 5-ethynyl-1-β-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (EICAR) derivative, which is a key intermediate, is described. A large-scale synthesis of an EICAR derivative starting from inosine was achieved in six steps via dinitrophenylation at the N position followed by ring opening, iodination of the resulting 5-amino group, and a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. The resulting EICAR derivative was then converted into 3-deazainosine, 3-deazaadenosine, and 3-deazaguanosine. This route enabled us to synthesize 3-deazapurine nucleosides conveniently in good yields. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of 5-ethynyl-1-β-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (EICAR) derivative 6 Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of 3-deazapurine nucleosides 8, 11, and 14. (Keyword) Guanosine / Inosine / Nucleosides / Tubercidin (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1002/cpz1.297 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 34837670 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-85120332138 (DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.297, PubMed: 34837670, Elsevier: Scopus)
10.	Kentaro Uemura, Haruaki Nobori, Akihiko Sato, Takao Sanaki, Shinsuke Toba, Michihito Sasaki, Akiho Murai, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa, Yasuko Orba, Hiroaki Kariwa, William W. Hall, Hirofumi Sawa, Akira Matsuda and Katsumi Maenaka : 5-Hydroxymethyltubercidin Exhibits Potent Antiviral Activity against Flaviviruses and Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, iScience, Vol.24, No.10, 103120, 2021. (Summary) Newly emerging or re-emerging viral infections continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality every year worldwide, resulting in serious effects on both health and the global economy. Despite significant drug discovery research against dengue viruses (DENVs) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), no fully effective and specific drugs directed against these viruses have been discovered. Here, we examined the anti-DENV activity of tubercidin derivatives from a compound library from Hokkaido University and demonstrated that 5-hydroxymethyltubercidin (HMTU, HUP1108) possessed both potent anti-flavivirus and anti-coronavirus activities at submicromolar levels without significant cytotoxicity. Furthermore, HMTU inhibited viral RNA replication and specifically inhibited replication at the late stages of the SARS-CoV-2 infection process. Finally, we demonstrated that HMTU 5'-triphosphate inhibited RNA extension catalyzed by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Our findings suggest that HMTU has the potential of serving as a lead compound for the development of a broad spectrum of antiviral agents, including SARS-CoV-2. (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103120 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 34541466 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 34541466 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103120 (DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103120, PubMed: 34541466)
11.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Yusuke Kumanomido, Katsuyuki Nakashima, Yoshiyuki Tanaka and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis of a cyclic dinucleotide analog with ambiguous bases, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide, The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol.86, No.21, 15004-15010, 2021. (Summary) Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are second messengers composed of two purine nucleotides. In recent years, the structural diversity of CDNs and their functionality in biological processes are being intensely studied. Herein we report the chemical synthesis of cyclic di-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranosyl monophosphate (c-di-ZMP) (), which consists of two 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotides (Z-ribonucleotides) linked via two phosphodiester linkages. Construction of the CDN skeleton with an -dinitrophenylhypoxanthine base (Hxa-base) by phosphoramidite chemistry and the subsequent ring-opening reaction of Hxa-base successfully yielded the desired . (Keyword) Imidazoles / Ribonucleotides (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01706 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 34652132 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 34652132 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01706 (DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01706, PubMed: 34652132)
12.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Mao Kinoshita, Yosuke Igata, Yuta Kashiwabara and Noriaki Minakawa : Replacement of oxygen with sulfur on the furanose ring of cyclic dinucleotides enhances the immunostimulatory effect via STING activation, RSC Medicinal Chemistry, Vol.12, No.9, 1519-1524, 2021. (Summary) Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are secondary messengers composed of two purine nucleotides linked two phosphodiester linkages: c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP, 3',3'-cGAMP, and 2',3'-cGAMP. CDNs activate the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and trigger immune responses in mammalian species. CDNs are thus fascinating molecules as drug candidates, and chemically stable CDN analogues that act as STING agonists are highly desired at present. We herein report the practical synthesis of 4'-thiomodified c-di-AMP analogues, which have sulfur atoms at the 4'-position on the furanose ring instead of oxygen atoms, using simple phosphoramidite chemistry. The resulting 4'-thiomodified c-di-AMP analogues acted as potent STING agonists with long-term activity. Our results show that replacing O4' on CDNs with sulfur can lead to enhanced immunostimulatory effects STING activation. (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1039/d1md00114k (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 34671735 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 34671735 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1039/d1md00114k (DOI: 10.1039/d1md00114k, PubMed: 34671735)
13.	Rion Maeda, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Hideaki Wakamatsu, Yoshihiro Natori, Noriaki Minakawa and Yuichi Yoshimura : Synthesis and Properties of 4-ThioLNA/BNA, Organic Letters, Vol.23, No.10, 4062-4066, 2021. (Summary) To develop a new nucleoside analogue applicable to oligonucleotide therapeutics, we designed a 4'-thio analogue of an LNA/BNA monomer. Synthesis of 4'-hydroxymethyl-4'-thioribonucleoside was achieved by a tandem ring-contraction-aldol reaction of a 5-thiopyranose derivative and the subsequent Pummerer-type thioglycosylation reaction of the corresponding sulfoxide. Treatment of 4'-hydroxymethyl-4'-thiopyrimidine nucleosides with diphenyl carbonate in the presence of catalytic NaHCO gave the desired 4'-thioLNA/BNA monomers, which were introduced into oligonucleotides. (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01306 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 33938754 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 33938754 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01306 (DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01306, PubMed: 33938754)
14.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Ayako Matsuo and Noriaki Minakawa : Gene Expression of 4'-Thioguanine DNA via 4'-Thiocytosine RNA., Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.142, No.41, 17255-17259, 2020. (Summary) DNA and RNA nucleotides are ubiquitous molecules that store and transmit genetic information. The emergence of synthetic elements that fulfill the function of DNA and RNA provides an alternative gene expression system. Herein, we demonstrate the gene expression of 4'-thioguanine DNA (dG DNA) via 4'-thiocytosine RNA (dC RNA) to give green fluorescent protein (GFPuv) in a single test tube. In replication, transcription, and translation, DNA/RNA polymerases and () ribosome can tolerate the replacement of O4' with S4' in the nucleotide, despite the fact that sulfur has a larger atomic radius than oxygen. Additionally, dG DNA and dC RNA acted as alternative genetic polymers to natural DNA and RNA for protein synthesis in artificial cells comprising a reconstituted gene expression machinery. This work involved simple experiments that are widely used in molecular biology, but which underscore the feasibility of life control by substances other than DNA/RNA nucleotides. (Keyword) Cytosine / DNA / DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Escherichia coli / Green Fluorescent Proteins / Protein Biosynthesis / RNA / Ribosomes / Thioguanine (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1021/jacs.0c07145 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 33016701 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-85092943949 (DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07145, PubMed: 33016701, Elsevier: Scopus)
15.	Masashi Ohta, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : フラノース環酸素原子を硫黄, セレン原子に置換した核酸誘導体の有機合成化学, Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan, Vol.78, No.5, 446-455, 2020. (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.446 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1390848250110325760 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.446 (DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.446, CiNii: 1390848250110325760)
16.	Hidenori ANDO, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Lila Selim Ahmed Ali Abu Amr, Nozomi Kinjoh, Taro Shimizu, Yu Ishima, Noriaki Minakawa and Tatsuhiro Ishida : A unique gene-silencing approach, using an intelligent RNA expression device (iRed), results in minimal immune stimulation when given by local intrapleural injection in malignant pleural mesothelioma, Molecules, Vol.25, No.7, 1725, 2020. (Summary) We have recently introduced an intelligent RNA expression device (iRed), comprising the minimum essential components needed to transcribe short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in cells. Use of iRed efficiently produced shRNA molecules after transfection into cells and alleviated the innate immune stimulation following intravenous injection. To study the usefulness of iRed for local injection, the engineered iRed encoding luciferase shRNA (Luc iRed), complexed with cationic liposomes (Luc iRed/liposome-complexes), was intrapleurally injected into an orthotopic mesothelioma mouse model. Luc iRed/liposome-complexes markedly suppressed the expression of a luciferase marker gene in pleurally disseminated mesothelioma cells. The suppressive efficiency was correlated with the expression level of shRNA within the mesothelioma cells. In addition, intrapleural injection of iRed/liposome-complexes did not induce IL-6 production in the pleural space and consequently in the blood compartment, although plasmid DNA (pDNA) or dsDNA (the natural construct for iRed) in the formulation did. Local delivery of iRed could augment the in vivo gene silencing effect without eliciting pronounced innate immune stimulation. Our results might hold promise for widespread utilization of iRed as an RNAi-based therapeutic for intracelial malignant cancers. (Tokushima University Institutional Repository) ● Metadata: 115605 (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.3390/molecules25071725 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 32283709 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-85083281974 (Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 115605, DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071725, PubMed: 32283709, Elsevier: Scopus)
17.	Kohki Matsumoto, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Tomoya Wada, Orie Yonaha and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis and properties of oligonucleotides containing a 2,6-diamino-3-deazapurine:furanopyrimidine base pair, Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids, 1-18, 2020. (Summary) Furanopyrimidine (FPy) and 2,6-diamino-3-deazapurine (DCPu) nucleosides with the ability to interact in DDD and AAA H-bonding patterns, respectively, were prepared. The N-1 p value of the DCPu nucleoside was estimated to be 6.4, which is due to the lack of a nitrogen atom at the 3-position, suggesting that DCPu acts as a base interacting in a DDD H-bonding pattern under near physiological conditions. As DCPu and FPy are expected to form a thermally stable DDD:AAA type of base pair in an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) duplex, they were incorporated into ODNs, and the value of the ODN duplex was determined. However, the ODN duplex containing a DCPu:FPy pair has a lower thermal stability than that containing a G:C pair does, although its thermal stability is equal to that of an ODN duplex with an A:T pair even under acidic conditions. (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1080/15257770.2019.1694687 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 31994434 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 31994434 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1080/15257770.2019.1694687 (DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2019.1694687, PubMed: 31994434)
18.	Tomoya Wada, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Mayu Yamada, Yasuko Okamoto and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis of nucleoside units possessing photoreactive diazirine groups on the major and minor groove faces., Tetrahedron Letters, Vol.60, No.23, 1530-1533, 2019. (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.05.008 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-85065430415 (DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.05.008, Elsevier: Scopus)
19.	Yuki Okano, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Madoka Kurosawa, Ai Iwabu, Masashi Ohta, Tadashi Watanabe, Fumihiro Kato, Hishiki Takayuki, Masahiro Fujimuro and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel imidazole nucleosides as potential anti-dengue virus agents., Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Vol.27, No.11, 2181-2186, 2019. (Summary) In this work, we developed imidazole nucleoside derivatives with anti-dengue virus (DENV) activity was examined. First, compounds in a nucleosides library were screened to find lead compounds which inhibit replication of DENV. As a result, 5-ethynyl-(1-β-d-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (1; EICAR) and its 4-carbonitrile derivative EICNR (2) were selected as promising antiviral compounds. However, both of them also exhibited cytotoxicity. In order to develop an effective and less toxic compound, 4'-thio and 4'-seleno derivatives of EICAR and EICNR 3-6 were prepared. The resulting 4'-thioEICAR and 4'-thioEICNR showed inhibitory effect on DENV replication without cytotoxicity as potent as ribavirin, a positive control. (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.04.015 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 31003866 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-85064318132 (DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.04.015, PubMed: 31003866, Elsevier: Scopus)
20.	Naoshi Yamazaki, Keisuke Kanazawa, Maria Kimura, Hironobu Ike, Makiko Shinomiya, Shouko Tanaka, Yasuo Shinohara, Noriaki Minakawa, Kouji Itou and Yoshiharu Takiguchi : Use of modified U1 small nuclear RNA for rescue from exon 7 skipping caused by 5-splice site mutation of human cathepsin A gene, Gene, Vol.677, 41-48, 2018. (Summary) Cathepsin A (CTSA) is a multifunctional lysosomal enzyme, and its hereditary defect causes an autosomal recessive disorder called galactosialidosis. In a certain number of galactosialidosis patients, a base substitution from adenine to guanine is observed at the +3 position of the 7th intron (IVS7 +3a>g) of the CTSA gene. With this mutation, a splicing error occurs; and consequently mRNA lacking the 7th exon is produced. This skipping of exon 7 causes a frame shift of the transcripts, resulting in a non-functional CTSA protein and hence galactosialidosis. This mutation seems to make the interaction between the 5'-splice site of intron 7 of pre-mRNA and U1 small nuclear RNA (U1 snRNA) much weaker. In the present study, to produce properly spliced mRNA from the CTSA gene harboring this IVS7 +3a>g mutation, we examined the possible usefulness of modified U1 snRNA that could interact with the mutated 5'-splice site. Toward this goal, we first prepared a model system using a mutant CTSA mini gene plasmid for delivery into HeLa cells. Then, we examined the effectiveness of modified U1 snRNA on the formation of properly spliced mRNA from this mutant CTSA mini gene. As a result, we succeeded in obtaining improved formation of properly spliced CTSA mRNA. Our results suggest the usefulness of modified U1 snRNA for rescue from exon 7 skipping caused by the IVS7 +3a>g mutation of the CTSA gene. (Keyword) Cathepsin A / Cell Line, Tumor / Exons / HeLa Cells / Humans / Introns / Mutation / RNA Precursors / RNA Splice Sites / RNA Splicing / RNA, Messenger / RNA, Small Nuclear (Tokushima University Institutional Repository) ● Metadata: 111998 (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.030 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 30010039 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-85050244217 (Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 111998, DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.030, PubMed: 30010039, Elsevier: Scopus)
21.	Yuichi Yoshimura, Hideaki Wakamatsu, Yoshihiro Natori, Yukako Saito and Noriaki Minakawa : Glycosylation reactions mediated by hypervalent iodine: application to the synthesis of nucleosides and carbohydrates, Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol.14, 1595-1618, 2018. (Summary) To synthesize nucleoside and oligosaccharide derivatives, we often use a glycosylation reaction to form a glycoside bond. Coupling reactions between a nucleobase and a sugar donor in the former case, and the reaction between an acceptor and a sugar donor of in the latter are carried out in the presence of an appropriate activator. As an activator of the glycosylation, a combination of a Lewis acid catalyst and a hypervalent iodine was developed for synthesizing 4'-thionucleosides, which could be applied for the synthesis of 4'-selenonucleosides as well. The extension of hypervalent iodine-mediated glycosylation allowed us to couple a nucleobase with cyclic allylsilanes and glycal derivatives to yield carbocyclic nucleosides and 2',3'-unsaturated nucleosides, respectively. In addition, the combination of hypervalent iodine and Lewis acid could be used for the glycosylation of glycals and thioglycosides to produce disaccharides. In this paper, we review the use of hypervalent iodine-mediated glycosylation reactions for the synthesis of nucleosides and oligosaccharide derivatives. (Tokushima University Institutional Repository) ● Metadata: 115011 (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.3762/bjoc.14.137 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 30013687 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 30013687 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.3762/bjoc.14.137 (Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 115011, DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.137, PubMed: 30013687)
22.	Anindita D. Paulina, Sasaki Michihito, Okada Kazuma, Ito Naoto, Sugiyama Makoto, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa, Shuto Satoshi, Otsuguro Satoko, Ichikawa Satoshi, Matsuda Akira, Maenaka Katsumi, Orba Yasuko and Sawa Hirofumi : Ribavirin-related compounds exert in vitro inhibitory effects toward rabies virus, Antiviral Research, Vol.154, 1-9, 2018. (Summary) Rabies remains an invariably fatal neurological disease despite the availability of a preventive vaccination and post-exposure prophylaxis that must be immediately administered to the exposed individual before symptom onset. There is no effective medication for treatment during the symptomatic phase. Ribavirin, a guanine nucleoside analog, is a potent inhibitor of rabies virus (RABV) replication in vitro but lacks clinical efficacy. Therefore, we attempted to identify potential ribavirin analogs with comparable or superior anti-RABV activity. Antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of the compounds were initially examined in human neuroblastoma cells. Among the tested compounds, two exhibited a 5- to 27-fold higher anti-RABV activity than ribavirin. Examination of the anti-RABV mechanisms of action of the compounds using time-of-addition and minigenome assays revealed that they inhibited viral genome replication and transcription. Addition of exogenous guanosine to RABV-infected cells diminished the antiviral activity of the compounds, suggesting that they are involved in guanosine triphosphate (GTP) pool depletion by inhibiting inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Taken together, our findings underline the potency of nucleoside analogs as a class of antiviral compounds for the development of novel agents against RABV. (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.03.011 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 29601893 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 29601893 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.03.011 (DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.03.011, PubMed: 29601893)
23.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : Unnatural base pairs for synthetic biology, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, Vol.66, No.2, 132-138, 2018. (Summary) In this review, we have summarized the research effort into the development of unnatural base pairs beyond standard Watson-Crick (WC) base pairs for synthetic biology. Prior to introducing our research results, we present investigations by four outstanding groups in the field. Their research results demonstrate the importance of shape complementarity and stacking ability as well as hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) patterns for unnatural base pairs. On the basis of this research background, we developed unnatural base pairs consisting of imidazo[5',4':4.5]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines and 1,8-naphthyridines, i.e., Im : Na pairs. Since Im bases are recognized as ring-expanded purines and Na bases are recognized as ring-expanded pyrimidines, Im : Na pairs are expected to satisfy the criteria of shape complementarity and enhanced stacking ability. In addition, these pairs have four non-canonical H-bonds. Because of these preferable properties, ImN : NaO, one of the Im : Na pairs, is recognized as a complementary base pair in not only single nucleotide insertion, but also the PCR. (Keyword) unnatural base pair / hydrogen-bonding / shape complementarity / DNA polymerase / PCR (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1248/cpb.c17-00685 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 29386463 ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1390001204178944128 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-85041595252 (DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00685, PubMed: 29386463, CiNii: 1390001204178944128, Elsevier: Scopus)
24.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Kazuki Ishii, Masashi Ohta, 林弘也, Seigi Yamamoto and Noriaki Minakawa : 生物学的等価性に重点をおいた化学修飾核酸の創製-4'-セレノリボヌクレオシドの合成とオリゴマーへの導入-, 日本核酸医薬学会誌, Vol.21, No.1, 4-13, 2017.
25.	Yohsuke Igata, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Daiki Matsumoto, Kazuyuki Sagara and Noriaki Minakawa : A catch and release strategy towards HPLC-free purification of synthetic oligonucleotides using a phosphoramidite unit possessing a photocleavable azide linker, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Vol.25, No.21, 5962-5967, 2017. (Summary) A convenient strategy to purify oligonucleotides (ONs) synthesized by solid phase synthesis on an automatic DNA/RNA synthesizer was described. By attaching a photocleavable azide linker as the last phosphoramidite unit in the ON synthesis, only the desired full-length sequence was 'caught' on a controlled pore glass (CPG) resin possessing an aza-dimethoxycyclooctyne (DIBAC) derivative. Washing the resulting CPG resin to remove all unbounded species, the subsequent photoirradiation allowed the pure ONs to be 'released' without leaving any chemical modifications on native ON structure or chemical reagents from the solid phase ON synthesis. (Keyword) Alkynes / Azides / Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Cycloaddition Reaction / Molecular Structure / Oligonucleotides / Photochemical Processes / Ultraviolet Rays (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.014 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 28986115 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 28986115 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.014 (DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.014, PubMed: 28986115)
26.	Kazuto Shiraishi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Yohsuke Igata, Keiji Murakami, Yasuko Okamoto, Yoichiro Miyake, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis and evaluation of c-di-4'-thioAMP as an artificial ligand for c-di-AMP riboswitch, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Vol.25, No.14, 3883-3889, 2017. (Summary) Cyclic-di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is a bacterial second messenger that binds to an RNA receptor called riboswitch and regulates its downstream genes involving cell wall metabolism, ion transport, and spore germination. Therefore, the c-di-AMP riboswitch can be a novel target of antibiotics. In this study, we synthesized c-di-4'-thioAMP (1), which possesses a sulfur atom instead of an oxygen atom in the furanose ring, as a candidate of a bioisoster for natural c-di-AMP. The resulting 1 bound to the c-di-AMP riboswitch with a micromolar affinity (34.8M), and the phosphodiesterase resistance of 1 was >12-times higher than that of c-di-AMP. Thus, 1 can be considered to be a stable ligand against a c-di-AMP riboswitch. (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.042 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 28559057 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 28559057 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.042 (DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.042, PubMed: 28559057)
27.	Takeo Iwata, Kyoko Kuribayashi, Masahiko Nakasono, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa, Noriko Mizusawa, Rie Kido and Katsuhiko Yoshimoto : The AMPK/mTOR pathway is involved in D-dopachrome tautomerase gene transcription in adipocytes differentiated from SGBS cells, a human preadipocyte cell line, Cytokine, Vol.96, 195-202, 2017. (Summary) In adipose tissue, D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT), a cytokine with structural similarity to macrophage migration inhibitory factor, is mainly expressed in adipocytes rather than preadipocytes and acts as an anti-obesity adipokine in an autocrine manner. However, its transcriptional regulation is largely unknown. In order to explore molecules affecting DDT transcription, a chemical library screening using HEK293 cells stably expressing a DDT promoter-reporter construct was performed. Several derivatives of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1--d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, were identified as transcriptional activators of the DDT gene. Furthermore, DDT mRNA levels were reduced in SGBS adipocytes treated with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, suggesting involvement of AMPK in DDT transcription. Overexpression of the FOXO1 constitutive active form reduced transcriptional activity of the DDT gene in SGBS cells, but increased it in HEK293 cells. Cell-type specific effects were also observed in the DDT gene expression of cells treated with AS1842856, a FOXO1 inhibitor. Finally, involvement of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in DDT transcription in SGBS adipocytes was investigated. Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR, increased DDT mRNA levels and attenuated the inhibitory effects of compound C on DDT mRNA levels in SGBS adipocytes. In conclusion, DDT transcription may be regulated in a cell-dependent manner, and were enhanced by AMPK activation in SGBS adipocytes through inhibiting the mTOR signaling. (Tokushima University Institutional Repository) ● Metadata: 111466 (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.04.017 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 28445821 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-85018474373 (Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 111466, DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.04.017, PubMed: 28445821, Elsevier: Scopus)
28.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Masashi Ohta and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis of 4'-selenoribonucleosides, the building blocks of 4'-selenoRNA, using a hypervalent iodine., Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry, Vol.70, 1.40.1-21, 2017. (Summary) Herein is described a detailed protocol for the synthesis of 4'-selenoribonucleoside derivatives that involves the use of a hypervalent iodine species. These derivatives are versatile units for the preparation of 4'-selenoRNA. Large-scale synthesis of a 4-selenosugar starting from D-ribose is achieved in eight steps, including a final chromatographic purification. The resulting 4-selenosugar is then subjected to the one-pot Pummerer-like reaction using hypervalent iodine in the presence of silylated nucleobases. The reaction with silylated uracil affords the desired 4'-selenouridine derivatives with excellent -selectivity and in good yield. Conversely, when purine nucleobases are used in the Pummerer-like reaction, N7 4'-selenoribonucleoside isomers are obtained alongside the desired N9 isomers. However, the undesired N7 isomers can be converted to the desired N9 ones under acidic conditions. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1002/cpnc.34 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 28921498 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 28921498 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1002/cpnc.34 (DOI: 10.1002/cpnc.34, PubMed: 28921498)
29.	Kazuki Ishii, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Masashi Ota, Seigi Yamamoto, Yasuko Okamoto, Yoshiyuki Tanaka and Noriaki Minakawa : Practical synthesis of 4'-selenopurine nucleosides by combining chlorinated purines and 'armed' 4'-selenosugar, Tetrahedron, Vol.72, No.41, 6589-6594, 2016. (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.tet.2016.08.071 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1016/j.tet.2016.08.071 (DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.08.071)
30.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Hirotaka Kira, Tomoya Wada, Kazuya Miki, Shiho Ide, Naoshi Yamazaki, Akira Matsuda and Noriaki Minakawa : Groove modification of siRNA duplexes to elucidate siRNA-protein interactions using 7-bromo-7-deazaadenosine and 3-bromo-3-deazaadenosine as chemical probes, Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Vol.14, No.47, 11096-11105, 2016. (Summary) Elucidation of dynamic interactions between RNA and proteins is essential for understanding the biological processes regulated by RNA, such as RNA interference (RNAi). In this study, the logical chemical probes, comprising 7-bromo-7-deazaadenosine (Br(7)C(7)A) and 3-bromo-3-deazaadenosine (Br(3)C(3)A), to investigate small interfering RNA (siRNA)-RNAi related protein interactions, were developed. The bromo substituents of Br(7)C(7)A and Br(3)C(3)A are expected to be located in the major and the minor grooves, respectively, and to act as a steric hindrance in each groove when these chemical probes are incorporated into siRNAs. A comprehensive investigation using siRNAs containing these chemical probes revealed that (i) Br(3)C(3)A(s) at the 5'-end of the passenger strand enhanced their RNAi activity, and (ii) the direction of RISC assembly is determined by the interaction between Argonaute2, which is the main component of RISC, and siRNA in the minor groove near the 5'-end of the passenger strand. Utilization of these chemical probes enables the investigation of the dynamic interactions between RNA and proteins. (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1039/c6ob01866a (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 27714245 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-84999752038 (DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01866a, PubMed: 27714245, Elsevier: Scopus)
31.	Mahadi Hasan, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Koki Fujikawa, Takashi Ohgita, Susumu Hama, Tamotsu Tanaka, Hiroyuki Saito, Noriaki Minakawa and Kentaro Kogure : The novel functional nucleic acid iRed effectively regulates target genes following cytoplasmic delivery by faint electric treatment, Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, Vol.17, No.17, 554-562, 2016. (Summary) An intelligent shRNA expression device (iRed) contains the minimum essential components needed for shRNA production in cells, and could be a novel tool to regulate target genes. However, general delivery carriers consisting of cationic polymers/lipids could impede function of a newly generated shRNA via electrostatic interaction in the cytoplasm. Recently, we found that faint electric treatment (fET) of cells enhanced delivery of siRNA and functional nucleic acids into the cytoplasm in the absence of delivery carriers. Here, we examined fET of cells stably expressing luciferase in the presence of iRed encoding anti-luciferase shRNA. Transfection of lipofectamine 2000 (LFN)/iRed lipoplexes showed an RNAi effect, but fET-mediated iRed transfection did not, likely because of the endosomal localization of iRed after delivery. However, fET in the presence of lysosomotropic agent chloroquine significantly improved the RNAi effect of iRed/fET to levels that were higher than those for the LFN/iRed lipoplexes. Furthermore, the amount of lipid droplets in adipocytes significantly decreased following fET with iRed against resistin in the presence of chloroquine. Thus, iRed could be a useful tool to regulate target genes following fET-mediated cytoplasmic delivery with endosomal escape devices. (Tokushima University Institutional Repository) ● Metadata: 115720 (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1080/14686996.2016.1221726 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 27877903 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-85019070861 (Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 115720, DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2016.1221726, PubMed: 27877903, Elsevier: Scopus)
32.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Hidenori ANDO, Takamitsu Kojima, Nozomi Kinjo, Yosuke Hashimoto, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Tatsuhiro Ishida and Noriaki Minakawa : Gene silencing using 4'-thioDNA as an artificial template to synthesize short-hairpin RNA without inducing a detectable innate immune response, Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids, Vol.5, e274, 2016. (Summary) The development of a versatile technique to induce RNA interference (RNAi) without immune stimulation in vivo is of interest as existing approaches to trigger RNAi, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and plasmid DNA (pDNA) expressing short hairpin RNA (shRNA), present drawbacks arising from innate immune stimulation. To overcome them, an intelligent shRNA expression device (iRed) designed to induce RNAi was developed. The minimum sequence of iRed encodes only the U6 promoter and shRNA. A series of iRed comprises a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified 4'-thioDNA in which any one type of adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), or thymine (T) nucleotide unit was substituted by each cognate 4'-thio derivatives, i.e., dSA iRed, dSG iRed, dSC iRed, and ST iRed respectively. Each modified iRed acted as a template to transcribe shRNA with RNAi activity. The highest shRNA yield was generated using dSC iRed that exerted gene silencing activity in an orthotopic mouse model of mesothelioma. Reducing the minimal structure required to transcribe shRNA and the presence of the 4'-thiomodification synergistically function to abrogate innate immune response induced by dsDNA. The iRed will introduce a new approach to induce RNAi without inducing a detectable innate immune response. (Tokushima University Institutional Repository) ● Metadata: 110894 (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1038/mtna.2015.48 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 26730811 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-84953792236 (Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 110894, DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2015.48, PubMed: 26730811, Elsevier: Scopus)
33.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Komatsu Yasuo, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : Faithful PCR Amplification of an Unnatural Base-Pair Analogue with Four Hydrogen Bond, Chemistry - A European Journal, Vol.21, No.30, 10688-10695, 2015. (Summary) In vitro replication of an unnatural imidazopyridopyridine:naphthyridine base pair, (i.e., ImN(N):NaO(O)), having four hydrogen bonds was investigated. Kinetic studies of single-nucleotide insertion revealed that ImN(N) and NaO(O) were recognized as complementary bases by an exonuclease-deficient Klenow fragment with higher specificity and efficiency than two previously described pairs (ImN(O):NaO(N) and ImO(N):NaN(O)) because of higher thermal and thermodynamic stabilities and the DAAD:ADDA (D=donor, A=acceptor) hydrogen-bonding pattern of the ImN(N):NaO(O) pair. Faithful polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a DNA fragment containing the ImN(N):NaO(O) pair was achieved by using DNA polymerases possessing 3'5' exonuclease activity (99.5 % per doubling). (Keyword) Base Pairing / Base Sequence / DNA / DNA Polymerase I / Hydrogen Bonding / Imidazoles / Kinetics / Models, Molecular / Naphthyridines / Polymerase Chain Reaction / Pyridines / Thermodynamics (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1002/chem.201501484 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 26177045 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-84937002817 (DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501484, PubMed: 26177045, Elsevier: Scopus)
34.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Tatsuya Sumitomo, Hidenori ANDO, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Tatsuhiro Ishida and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis of DNA fragments containing 2-deoxy-4-selenonucleoside units using DNA polymerases: comparison of dNTPs with O, S and Se at the 4-position in replication Org, Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Vol.13, No.25, 6949-6952, 2015. (Summary) 4'-SelenoDNA fragments were synthesized for the first time using 4'-selenothymidine triphosphate (SeTTP) by taking advantage of its bioequivalence against DNA polymerases. DNA fragments each with a homologous element (O, S or Se) at the 4'-position of the thymidine units were effectively amplified using KOD Dash DNA polymerase. (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1039/c5ob00941c (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 26053864 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-84934957265 (DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00941c, PubMed: 26053864, Elsevier: Scopus)
35.	Hideto Maruyama, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Hiroyuki Kamiya, Noriaki Minakawa and Akira Matsuda : Transcription of 4-thioDNA templates to natural RNA in vitro and in mammalian cells, Chemical Communications, Vol.51, No.37, 7887-7890, 2015. (Summary) Synthetic chemically modified nucleic acids, which are compatible with DNA/RNA polymerases, have great potential as a genetic material for synthetic biological studies. A comprehensive analysis of the transcription of 4'-thioDNA templates to natural RNA is herein reported. The modifications of DNA with 2'-deoxy-4'-thionucleosides, so-called 4'-thioDNA, were found to act as templates for transcription with RNA polymerases both in vitro and in mammalian cells. (Keyword) Animals / DNA / DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / In Vitro Techniques / Mice / NIH 3T3 Cells / RNA / Templates, Genetic / Thiophenes / Transcription, Genetic (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1039/c4cc08862j (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 25854199 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 25854199 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1039/c4cc08862j (DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08862j, PubMed: 25854199)
36.	Noriaki Minakawa and Akira Matsuda : Practical Syunthesis of 4'-Thioribonucleosides Starting from D-Ribose, Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry, Vol.59, No.14.12, 1-14, 2014. (Summary) A practical synthesis of 4'-thioribonucleosides, i.e., 4'-thiouridine, -cytidine, -adenosine, and -guanosine, which are versatile units for nucleic acids-based therapeutics, is described. Large-scale synthesis of 4-thiosugar starting from D-ribose was achieved (33%) in eight steps and with only three chromatographic purifications. After the appropriate chemical conversion of the 4-thiosugar, the resulting sulfoxide was subjected to the Pummerer reaction in the presence of silylated nucleobases. In reactions with silylated pyrimidine bases, the desired 4'-thioribonucleoside derivatives were obtained in good yield and -selectively. On the other hand, N-7 isomers were obtained mainly in the Pummerer reaction with purine bases under the same conditions. However, the desired N-9 isomers were obtained in moderate yields when the reaction mixtures were subsequently heated under reflux. As a result, effective synthesis of 4'-thioribonucleosides was accomplished. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1002/0471142700.nc1412s59 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 25501591 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-84949203509 (DOI: 10.1002/0471142700.nc1412s59, PubMed: 25501591, Elsevier: Scopus)
37.	Yota Saito, Yosuke Hashimoto, Mai Arai, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Tadashi Miyazawa, Kazuya Miki, Mayumi Takahashi, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Naoshi Yamazaki, Akira Matsuda, Tatsuhiro Ishida and Noriaki Minakawa : Chemistry, properties, and in vitro and in vivo applications of 2'-O-methoxyethyl-4'-thioRNA, a novel hybrid type of chemically modified RNA., ChemBioChem, Vol.15, No.17, 2535-2540, 2014. (Summary) We report the synthesis, properties, and in vitro and in vivo applications of 2'-O-methoxyethyl-4'-thioRNA (MOE-SRNA), a novel type of hybrid chemically modified RNA. In its hybridization with complementary RNA, MOE-SRNA showed a moderate improvement of Tm value (+3.4 °C relative to an RNA:RNA duplex). However, the results of a comprehensive comparison of the nuclease stability of MOE-SRNA relative to 2'-O-methoxyethylRNA (MOERNA), 2'-O-methyl-4'-thioRNA (Me-SRNA), 2'-O-methylRNA (MeRNA), 4'-thioRNA (SRNA), and natural RNA revealed that MOE-SRNA had the highest stability (t1/2 >48 h in human plasma). Because of the favorable properties of MOE-SRNA, we evaluated its in vitro and in vivo potencies as an anti-microRNA oligonucleotide against miR-21. Although the in vitro potency of MOE-SRNA was moderate, its in vivo potency was significant for the suppression of tumor growth (similar to that of MOERNA). (Keyword) Animals / Cell Proliferation / HeLa Cells / Humans / Mice / Mice, Inbred BALB C / Mice, Nude / MicroRNAs / Neoplasms / Nucleic Acid Conformation / RNA / RNA Stability / Tumor Cells, Cultured (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1002/cbic.201402398 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 25314258 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-84915745333 (DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402398, PubMed: 25314258, Elsevier: Scopus)
38.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Koya Hayashi, Maki Terasaki, Hirotsugu Taniike, Yusuke Inagaki, Kenji Hirose, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Akira Matsuda and Noriaki Minakawa : First Synthesis of Fully Modified 4-SelenoRNA and 2-OMe-4-selenoRNA Based on the Mechanistic Considerations of an Unexpected Strand Break, Organic Letters, Vol.16, No.18, 4710-4713, 2014. (Summary) This study investigated oligonucleotide (ON) synthesis containing 4'-selenoribonucleoside(s) under standard phosphoramidite conditions. Careful operation using a manual ON synthetic system revealed that an unexpected strand break occurred to afford a C2-symmetric homodimer as a byproduct. In addition, this side reaction occurred during I2 oxidation. On the basis of these findings, the first synthesis of fully modified 4'-selenoRNA and 2'-OMe-4'-selenoRNA was achieved using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the alternative oxidant. (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1021/ol502077h (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 25181546 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-84927589726 (DOI: 10.1021/ol502077h, PubMed: 25181546, Elsevier: Scopus)
39.	Yosuke Higuchi, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Tadashi Miyazawa and Noriaki Minakawa : Development of a new dumbbell-shaped decoy DNA using a combination of the unnatural base pair ImON:NaNO and a CuAAC reaction., Bioconjugate Chemistry, Vol.25, No.7, 1360-1369, 2014. (Summary) We describe the synthesis and potential application of a new dumbbell-shaped decoy DNA prepared using a combination of the base pair ImON:NaNO and a copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The CuAAC reaction between the azido group on 5'-end of oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) and the ethynyl group on the NaNO base of the opposite strand did not proceed, whereas that between the azido group and the flexible hexynyl group on the NaNO base of the opposite strand proceeded smoothly to give a new dumbbell-shaped double-stranded ODN (dsODN). The resulting dsODN had extremely high thermal stability and exhibited exonuclease resistance. In addition, the terminal modification did not affect its helical structure, and thus, the dumbbell-shaped dsODN displayed promising in vitro activity in a competition assay with the NF-kB p50 transcription factor homodimer. (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1021/bc500225r (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 24965879 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-84904438318 (DOI: 10.1021/bc500225r, PubMed: 24965879, Elsevier: Scopus)
40.	Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : Allosteric control of a DNA-hydrolyzing deoxyribozyme with short oligonucleotides and its application in DNA logic gates., Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Vol.12, No.21, 3344-3348, 2014. (Summary) Allosteric control of deoxyribozymes is useful for a broad range of practical applications, such as nucleic acid sensing and DNA-computing. We found that the catalytic activity of a DNA-hydrolyzing deoxyribozyme could be allosterically regulated by adding short oligonucleotides. We used this technique to construct deoxyribozyme-based logic gates. (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1039/c4ob00451e (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 24740418 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-84899933102 (DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00451e, PubMed: 24740418, Elsevier: Scopus)
41.	Hiroto Hatakeyama, Manami Murata, Yusuke Sato, Mayumi Takahashi, Noriaki Minakawa, Akira Matsuda and Hideyoshi Harashima : The systemic administration of an anti-miRNA oligonucleotide encapsulated pH-sensitive liposome results in reduced level of hepatic microRNA-122 in mice., Journal of Controlled Release, Vol.173, 43-50, 2014. (Summary) Efficient delivery continues to be a challenge in microRNA (miRNA) therapeutics. We utilized a pH-sensitive multifunctional envelope-type nano device (MEND) containing a pH-sensitive lipid YSK05 (YSK05-MEND) to regulate liver specific miRNA-122 (miR-122). Anti-microRNA oligonucleotides including 2'-OMe and phosphorothioate modifications against miR-122 (AMO122) were encapsulated in the YSK05-MEND. Despite the lower uptake, the YSK05-MEND showed a higher activity in liver cancer cells than Lipofectamine2000 (LFN2k) due to efficient endosomal escape. Cytotoxicity was minimal at 100 nM of AMO122 in YSK05-MEND treated cells, but LFN2k showed toxicity at 50 nM. When mice were administrated with free AMO122, it was eliminated via the kidney due to its molecular weight, and lesser amounts were detected in the liver. Conversely, the YSK05-MEND delivered higher amounts of the AMO122 to the liver. Systemic administration of YSK05-MEND induced the knockdown of miR-122 and an increase in target genes in the liver, and a subsequent reduction in plasma cholesterol at a dose of 1 mg AMO/kg while free AMO122 showed no activity at the same dose. The effect of AMO122 delivered by YSK05-MEND persisted for over 2 weeks. These results suggest that YSK05-MEND is a promising system for delivering AMOs to the liver. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.023 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 24511611 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-84887730354 (DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.023, PubMed: 24511611, Elsevier: Scopus)
42.	Miyazawa Tadashi, Umezaki Kouhei, Tarashima Noriko, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Takashi Ooi and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis of a novel 1,2-dithianenucleoside via Pummerer-like reaction, followed by Vorbruggen glycosylation between a 1,2-dithiane derivative and uracil, Chemical Communications, Vol.49, 7851-7853, 2013. (Summary) The novel 1,2-dithianenucleoside was designed as a hybrid type of modification between 4'-thioribonucleoside and altritol nucleoside. The desired compound, i.e., 1-[(3R,4R,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-1,2-dithianyl]uracil (20), was prepared via the Pummerer-like reaction, followed by Vorbruggen glycosylation between an appropriately protected 1,2-dithiane derivative and silylated uracil. (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1039/C3CC44848G (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 23892645 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-84881420423 (DOI: 10.1039/C3CC44848G, PubMed: 23892645, Elsevier: Scopus)
43.	Mayumi Takahashi, Naoki Yamada, Hiroto Hatakeyama, Manami Murata, Yusuke Sato, Noriaki Minakawa, Hideyoshi Harashima and Akira Matsuda : In vitro optimization of 2'-OMe-4'-thioribonucleoside-modified anti-microRNA oligonucleotides and its targeting delivery to mouse liver using a liposomal nanoparticle., Nucleic Acids Research, Vol.41, No.22, 10659-10667, 2013. (Summary) MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Previous studies, which characterized miRNA function, revealed their involvement in fundamental biological processes. Importantly, miRNA expression is deregulated in many human diseases. Specific inhibition of miRNAs using chemically modified anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs) can be a potential therapeutic strategy for diseases in which a specific miRNA is overexpressed. 2'-O-Methyl (2'-OMe)-4'-thioRNA is a hybrid type of chemically modified oligonucleotide, exhibiting high binding affinity to complementary RNAs and high resistance to nuclease degradation. Here, we evaluate 2'-OMe-4'-thioribonucleosides for chemical modification on AMOs. Optimization of the modification pattern using a variety of chemically modified AMOs that are perfectly complementary to mature miR-21 revealed that the uniformly 2'-OMe-4'-thioribonucleoside-modified AMO was most potent. Further investigation showed that phosphorothioate modification contributed to long-term miR-122 inhibition by the 2'-OMe-4'-thioribonucleoside-modified AMO. Moreover, systemically administrated AMOs to mouse using a liposomal delivery system, YSK05-MEND, showed delivery to the liver and efficient inhibition of miR-122 activity at a low dose in vivo. (Keyword) Animals / Cell Line / Female / HeLa Cells / Humans / Liposomes / Liver / Mice / Mice, Inbred BALB C / MicroRNAs / Nanoparticles / Oligonucleotides / Thionucleosides (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1093/nar/gkt823 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 24030710 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-84890334167 (DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt823, PubMed: 24030710, Elsevier: Scopus)
44.	Kojima Takamitsu, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Maruyama Hideto, Inoue Naonori, Tarashima Noriko, Matsuda Akira and Noriaki Minakawa : PCR amplification of 4-thioDNA using 2-deoxy-4-thionucleoside 5-triphosphates, ACS Synthetic Biology, Vol.2, No.9, 529-536, 2013. (Summary) 2'-Deoxy-4'-thioribonucleic acid (4'-thioDNA) having a sulfur atom instead of an oxygen atom in the furanose ring has a nuclease resistance and hybridization ability higher than that of natural DNA. Despite its great potential for various biological applications, a long 4'-thioDNA having all four kinds of 2'-deoxy-4'-thionucleosides has not been reported. In this study, we describe systematic analysis of the incorporation of 2'-deoxy-4'-thionucleoside 5'-triphosphates (dSNTPs) using various DNA polymerases. We found that family B DNA polymerases, which do not have 3'5' exonuclease activity, could efficiently incorporate dSNTPs via single nucleotide insertion and primer extension. Moreover, 104-mer PCR product was obtained even under the conditions in the presence of all four kinds of dSNTPs when KOD Dash DNA polymerase was used. The resulting PCR product was converted into a natural dsDNA by using PCR with dNTPs, and sequencing of the natural dsDNA revealed that the PCR cycle successfully proceeded without losing the sequence information of the template. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of accurate PCR amplification of highly modified DNA in the presence of only unnatural dNTPs. (Keyword) DNA / DNA Primers / DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Deoxyribonucleotides / Polymerase Chain Reaction / Synthetic Biology / Thionucleotides (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1021/sb400074w (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 23957635 ● Summary page in Scopus @ Elsevier: 2-s2.0-84884653838 (DOI: 10.1021/sb400074w, PubMed: 23957635, Elsevier: Scopus)
45.	Yusaku Kikuchi, Naoshi Yamazaki, Noriko Tarashima, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Yoshiharu Takiguchi, Kouji Itou and Noriaki Minakawa : Gene suppression via U1 small nuclear RNA interference (U1i) machinery using oligonucleotides containing 2'-modified-4'-thionucleosides, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Vol.21, No.17, 5292-5296, 2013. (Summary) Gene suppression via U1 small nuclear RNA interference (U1i) is considered to be one of the most attractive approaches, and takes the place of general antisense, RNA interference (RNAi), and anti-micro RNA machineries. Since the U1i can be induced by short oligonucleotides (ONs), namely U1 adaptors consisting of a 'target domain' and a 'U1 domain', we prepared adaptor ONs using 2'-modified-4'-thionucleosides developed by our group, and evaluated their U1i activity. As a result, the desired gene suppression via U1i was observed in ONs prepared as a combination of 2'-fluoro-4'-thionucleoside and 2'-fluoronucleoside units as well as only 2'-fluoronucleoside units, while those prepared as combination of 2'-OMe nucleoside/2'-OMe-4'-thionucleoside and 2'-fluoronucleoside units did not show significant activity. Measurement of Tm values indicated that a higher hybridization ability of adaptor ONs with complementary RNA is one of the important factors to show potent U1i activity. (Tokushima University Institutional Repository) ● Metadata: 113344 (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.023 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 23871495 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 23871495 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.023 (Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 113344, DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.023, PubMed: 23871495)
46.	N. Tarashima, Y. Higuchi, Y. Komatsu and Noriaki Minakawa : A practical post-modification synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides containing 4,7-diaminoimidazo[5,4:4,5]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleosid, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Vol.20, No.24, 7095-7100, 2012. (Summary) We describe herein the practical post-modification synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing 4,7-diaminoimidazo[5',4':4,5]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleoside (ImN(N)). Since the ImN(N) nucleoside unit possessing tribenzoyl groups on its exocyclic amino groups as the protecting group was quite unstable under acidic conditions, cleavage of its glycosidic linkage in ODN has been suggested throughout the conditions of solid-phase synthesis. As an alternative approach, we investigated a post-modification synthesis of the desired ODNs containing the ImN(N) unit. Starting with protected 4-amino-7-chloro-1-(2-deoxy--D-ribofuranosyl)imidazo[5',4':4,5]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivative 1, conversion into the corresponding phosphoramidite unit was examined. The p-bromobenzoyl group (p-BrBz) was the best protecting group of 4-amino group of 1 to give the phosphoramidite unit 9 for the post-modification synthesis. After carrying out the ODN synthesis linked to the controlled pore glass (CPG) support, the support was treated with ammonium hydroxide at 55 °C to remove the protecting groups, detach the ODN form the CPG support, and convert the 7-chloro group into a desired amino group. As a result, the desired ODNs containing ImN(N) were obtained in good yield. (Keyword) Imidazoles / Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Pyrimidine Nucleosides / Stereoisomerism (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.035 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 23142321 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 23142321 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.035 (DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.035, PubMed: 23142321)
47.	M. Takahashi, C. Nagai, H. Hatakeyama, Noriaki Minakawa, H. Harashima and A. Matsuda : Intracellular stability of 2-OMe-4-thioribonucleoside modified siRNA leads to long-term RNAi effect, Nucleic Acids Research, Vol.40, No.12, 5787-5793, 2012. (Summary) Chemically modified siRNAs are expected to have resistance toward nuclease degradation and good thermal stability in duplex formation for in vivo applications. We have recently found that 2'-OMe-4'-thioRNA, a hybrid chemical modification based on 2'-OMeRNA and 4'-thioRNA, has high hybridization affinity for complementary RNA and significant resistance toward degradation in human plasma. These results prompted us to develop chemically modified siRNAs using 2'-OMe-4'-thioribonucleosides for therapeutic application. Effective modification patterns were screened with a luciferase reporter assay. The best modification pattern of siRNA, which conferred duration of the gene-silencing effect without loss of RNAi activity, was identified. Quantification of the remaining siRNA in HeLa-luc cells using a Heat-in-Triton (HIT) qRT-PCR revealed that the intracellular stability of the siRNA modified with 2'-OMe-4'-thioribonucleosides contributed significantly to the duration of its RNAi activity. (Keyword) Genes, Reporter / HeLa Cells / Humans / Luciferases, Firefly / RNA Interference / RNA Stability / RNA, Small Interfering / Ribonucleases / Ribonucleosides / Thionucleosides (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1093/nar/gks204 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 22411910 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 22411910 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1093/nar/gks204 (DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks204, PubMed: 22411910)
48.	Kazuyuki Kuramoto, Noriko Tarashima, Yasuyuki Hirama, Yusaku Kikuchi, Noriaki Minakawa and Akira Matsuda : New imidazopyridopyrimidine:naphthyridine base-pairing motif, ImNN:NaOO, consisting of a DAAD:ADDA hydrogen bonding pattern, markedly stabilize DNA duplexes, Chemical Communications, Vol.47, No.38, 10818-10820, 2011. (Summary) The new imidazopyridopyrimidine:naphthyridine base-pairing motifs, ImO(O):NaN(N) and ImN(N):NaO(O), were designed. Among the base pairs examined, DNA duplexes containing ImN(N):NaO(O) pair(s) consisting of a DAAD:ADDA hydrogen bonding pattern (D = donor, A = acceptor) were markedly stabilized thermally and thermodynamically. (Keyword) Base Pairing / DNA / Hydrogen Bonding / Imidazoles / Naphthyridines / Nucleic Acid Hybridization / Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Pyrimidines / Thermodynamics (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1039/c1cc13805g (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 21863185 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 21863185 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1039/c1cc13805g (DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13805g, PubMed: 21863185)
49.	Mayumi Kataoka, Yusuo Kouda, Kousuke Sato, Noriaki Minakawa and Akira Matsuda : Highly efficient enzymatic synthesis of 30-deoxyapionucleic acid (apioNA) having the four natural nucleobases, Chemical Communications, Vol.47, No.30, 8700-8702, 2011. (Summary) The synthesis of the 3'-deoxyapionucleoside 3''-triphosphates (apioNTPs) having the four natural nucleobases and their enzymatic incorporation into a DNA-DNA primer-template have been tried. Therminator DNA polymerase was shown to incorporate these apioNTPs effectively giving 43mer DNA-apioNA chimera. (Keyword) Base Sequence / DNA Primers / DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Kinetics / Oligonucleotides (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1039/c1cc12980e (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 21725575 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 21725575 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1039/c1cc12980e (DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12980e, PubMed: 21725575)
50.	Mika Hori, Tetsuya Suzuki, Noriaki Minakawa, Akira Matsuda, Hideyoshi Harashima and Hiroyuki Kamiya : Mutagenicity of secondary oxidation products of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine 5-triphosphate (8-hydroxy-2- deoxyguanosine 5-triphosphate), Mutation Research, Vol.714, No.1-2, 11-16, 2011. (Summary) 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-hydroxyguanine) is oxidized more easily than normal nucleobases, which can produce spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) and guanidinohydantoin (Gh). These secondary oxidation products of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine are highly mutagenic when formed within DNA. To evaluate the mutagenicity of the corresponding oxidation products of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate (8-hydroxy-2'- deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate) in the nucleotide pool, Escherichia coli cells deficient in the mutT gene were treated with H(2)O(2), and the induced mutations were analyzed. Moreover, the 2'-deoxyriboside 5'-triphosphate derivatives of Sp and Gh were also introduced into competent E. coli cells. The H(2)O(2) treatment of mutT E. coli cells resulted in increase of G:C T:A and A:T T:A mutations. However, the incorporation of exogenous Sp and Gh 2'-deoxyribonucleotides did not significantly increase the mutation frequency. These results suggested that the oxidation product(s) of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate induces G:C T:A and A:T T:A mutations, and that the 2'-deoxyriboside 5'-triphosphate derivatives of Sp and Gh exhibit quite weak mutagenicity, in contrast to the bases in DNA. (Keyword) Deoxyguanine Nucleotides / Escherichia coli / Escherichia coli Proteins / Guanidines / Guanine / Guanosine / Guanosine Triphosphate / Hydantoins / Hydrogen Peroxide / Mutagens / Oxidation-Reduction / Spiro Compounds (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.05.015 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 21704046 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 21704046 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.05.015 (DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.05.015, PubMed: 21704046)
51.	Hirotsugu Taniike, Yusuke Inagaki, Akira Matsuda and Noriaki Minakawa : Practical synthesis of 4'-selenopyrimidine nucleosides using hypervalent iodine, Tetrahedron, Vol.67, No.41, 7977-7982, 2011. (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.tet.2011.08.020 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1016/j.tet.2011.08.020 (DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.08.020)
52.	Yasuyuki Hirama, Noriaki Minakawa and Akira Matsuda : Synthesis and characterization of oligodeoxynucleotides containing a novel tetraazabenzo[cd]azulene:naphthyridine base pair, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Vol.19, No.1, 352-358, 2011. (Summary) The synthesis and thermal stability of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing 4-amino-2,3,5,6-tetraazabenzo[cd]azulen-7-one nucleosides 5 (BaO(N)) with the aim of developing new base pairing motif is described. The tricyclic nucleoside 5 was prepared starting with the 7-deaza-7-iodopurine derivative 1 via a palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reaction with methyl acrylate, followed by an intramolecular cyclization. The resulting nucleoside was incorporated into ODNs, and the base pairing property of the BaO(N):NaN(O) (2-amino-7-hydroxy-1,8-naphthyridine nucleoside) pair in the duplex was evaluated by a thermal denaturation study. The melting temperature (T(m)) of the duplex containing the BaO(N):NaN(O) pair showed a higher value than that of the duplexes containing the adenine:thymine (A:T) and the guanine:cytosine (G:C) pairs, however it was lower than that of the ImO(N):NaN(O) (ImO(N)=7-amino-imidazo[5',4':4,5]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one nucleoside) pair. A temperature-dependent (1)H NMR study revealed that the H-bonding ability of BaO(N) was lower than that of ImO(N), which would explain why the BaO(N):NaN(O) pair was less thermally stable than the ImO(N):NaN(O) pair. (Keyword) Azulenes / Base Pairing / Naphthyridines / Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular / Oligodeoxyribonucleotides (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.11.023 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 21129979 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 21129979 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.11.023 (DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.11.023, PubMed: 21129979)
53.	Hirama Yasuyuki, Abe Hiroshi, Noriaki Minakawa and Matsuda Akira : Synthesis and properties of a novel nucleoside derivative possessing a 2,3,5,6-tetraazabenzo[cd]azulene skeleton, Tetrahedron, Vol.66, No.43, 8402-8406, 2010. (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1016/j.tet.2010.08.063 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1016/j.tet.2010.08.063 (DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.08.063)
54.	Kota Tomaya, Mayumi Takahashi, Noriaki Minakawa and Akira Matsuda : A convenient RNA synthesis using a phosphoramidite possessing a biotinylated photocleavable group, Organic Letters, Vol.12, No.17, 3836-3839, 2010. (Summary) A convenient RNA synthesis using a biotin-streptavidin interaction and a photocleavable protecting group is described. The biotinylated photocleavable group was introduced at the 2'-position of the uridine derivative. Using the phosphoramidite 12, we attempted the synthesis of a 21mer RNA, which is pure enough to show potent RNAi activity compared with a conventionally prepared and HPLC-purified 21mer RNA with the same sequence. (Keyword) Biotinylation / Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Molecular Structure / Organophosphorus Compounds / Photochemical Processes / RNA / Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Streptavidin / Uridine (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.1021/ol101489v (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 20695459 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (PMID): 20695459 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.1021/ol101489v (DOI: 10.1021/ol101489v, PubMed: 20695459)

Academic Paper (Unrefereed Paper):

1.	Kyoko Furuita, Noriko Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa, Yasuo Komatsu, Akira Matsuda and Chojiro Kojima : NMR study of the DNA duplex containing a thermally stable base-pairing motif, Nucleic acids symposium series, Vol.54, 2010.

Academic Letter:

1.	Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : RNAを標的とする低分子創薬の進展, Farumashia, Vol.51, No.1, 47-51, 2015. (Summary) RNAは，現在の生命科学研究の大きなターゲットとなっている生体分子である．触媒作用を持つRNA分子であるリボザイム，二本鎖RNAがmRNAを特異的に分解する現象であるRNA干渉(RNA interference:RNAi)，タンパク質に翻訳されない非コードRNA(non-coding RNA:ncRNA)の発見により，RNAが生命の起源であるというRNAワールド仮説までもが提唱されるようになっている．これらの様々な新機能の発見に伴い，RNAは新規創薬標的としての注目を集めている．RNAを標的とする創薬では，RNAiを利用するshort interference RNA(siRNA)などの研究開発が盛んであるが，本稿ではRNAを標的とした低分子創薬に焦点をあてて解説する．<br>RNAを標的とする低分子創薬の歴史は意外と古い．ストレプトマイシンやカナマイシンに代表されるアミノグリコシド系抗菌薬は，細菌のリボソームRNA中の40残基程度の小領域に結合し，翻訳を阻害することで細菌の増殖を抑える．またアミノグリコシド系抗菌薬は，エイズウイルスのtrans-acting responsive sequence(TAR)およびrev responsive sequence(RRE)領域のバルジ構造に結合することで，ウイルスゲノムの転写・翻訳を抑制することも知られている．<br>本稿では，主に細菌に存在し代謝産物などのmRNAへの結合によって遺伝子発現を制御する「リボスイッチ」と，ほ乳類細胞に存在し遺伝子発現を制御する短いRNA(23残基程度)である「マイクロRNA(microRNA:miRNA)」に焦点を絞り，これらを標的とする創薬展開の実例を紹介する． (Link to Publication Site) ● Publication site (DOI): 10.14894/faruawpsj.51.1_47 (Link to Search Site for Scientific Articles) ● CiNii @ National Institute of Informatics (CRID): 1390564238014659584 ● Search Scopus @ Elsevier (DOI): 10.14894/faruawpsj.51.1_47 (DOI: 10.14894/faruawpsj.51.1_47, CiNii: 1390564238014659584)

Review, Commentary:

1.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, KINOSHITA Mao, Yohsuke Igata, Kazuto Shiraishi, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-チオRNAにより構成される環状ジヌクレオチドアナログの創製, 日本ケミカルバイオロジー学会誌, Vol.15, May 2022.
2.	野村勇作, 柏木怜, 佐藤浩輔, Noriaki Minakawa and 松田彰 : 4本の水素結合対を持つ核酸塩基の設計(2), Antisense, Vol.17, No.2, 3-13, Nov. 2013.
3.	Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-チオDNAを用いたRNA創薬, 薬学雑誌, Vol.133, No.1, 53-60, Jan. 2013.

Proceeding of International Conference:

1.	Noriaki Minakawa, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Takaaki Koma, NAOTO Hinotani, YOSHIDA Keigo, OGASA Moka, AKIHO Murai, INOUE Shuya, Tomoyuki Kondo, Naoya Doi, Koichi Tsuneyama and Masako Nomaguchi : 3-Deazaguanosine exhibits anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and blocks the development of COVID-19 pneumonis in hamsters., Supra FIBER International Summit for Nucleic Acids (S-FISNA) 2024, Mar. 2024.
2.	AKIHO Murai, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, OBA Mizuki, Kanako Kawanishi, Jun Tsukimoto and Noriaki Minakawa : Disruption of the cell membrane by G-quadruplex formation on antibody, Supra FIBER International Summit for Nucleic Acids (S-FISNA) 2024, Mar. 2024.
3.	Nogi Yuhei, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Takaaki Koma, Masako Nomaguchi and Noriaki Minakawa : Development of the 4'-thiomodified siRNAs against SARS-CoV-2, 14th AFMC International Medicinal Chemistry Symposium, Jun. 2023.
4.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : Chemical challenge to the central dogma with 4-thionucleotides, 15h International Symposium on Nanomedicine (ISNM2022), Dec. 2022.
5.	Shunya Yamauchi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Kou Motani, Hidetaka Kosako and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis of cyclic dinucleotide analog enhanced membrane permeability, 15h International Symposium on Nanomedicine (ISNM2022), Dec. 2022.
6.	YUTA Kashiwabara, Shunya Yamauchi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis of the membrane-permeable 2,3-cGAMP type CDN analog, 15h International Symposium on Nanomedicine (ISNM2022), Dec. 2022.
7.	YUHEI Nogi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis and evaluation of the DNA oligomer possessing 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (Z)-base, 15h International Symposium on Nanomedicine (ISNM2022), Dec. 2022.
8.	YUHEI Nogi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis and physical/enzymatic behaviors of the DNA oligomer possessing an ambiguous base, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide, The 49th International Symposium on Nucleic Acids Chemistry / The 6th Annual Meeting of Japan Society of Nucleic Acids Chemistry (ISNAC2022), Nov. 2022.
9.	Mao Kinoshita, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis of 4'-thiomodified cyclic dinucleotide analogs as STING agonists, AFMC International Medicinal Chemistry Symposium 2021 (AIMECS2021), Nov. 2021.
10.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Ayako Matsuo and Noriaki Minakawa : Transmission of the genetic information from 4-thioDNA to 4-thioRNA to protein, The 48th International Symposium on Nucleic Acids Chemistry / The 5th Annual Meeting of Japan Society of Nucleic Acids Chemistry (ISNAC2021), Nov. 2021.
11.	Mao Kinoshita, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : Chemical synthesis and evaluation of 4'-thiomodified cyclic dinucleotides, The 48th International Symposium on Nucleic Acids Chemistry / The 5th Annual Meeting of Japan Society of Nucleic Acids Chemistry (ISNAC2021), Nov. 2021.
12.	Toshiki Miyazawa, Rion Maeda, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Yuichi Yoshimura and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis and Properties of 4'-ThioLNA/BNA, The 48th International Symposium on Nucleic Acids Chemistry / The 5th Annual Meeting of Japan Society of Nucleic Acids Chemistry (ISNAC2021), Nov. 2021.
13.	Yusuke Kumanomidoh, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis of cyclic-di-ZMP, The 46th International Symposium on Nucleic Acids Chemistry / The 3rd Annual Meeting of Japan Society of Nucleic Acids Chemistry (ISNAC 2019), Oct. 2019.
14.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Yusuke Kumanomidoh, Mao Kinoshita, Kazuto Shiraishi, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis and biological evaluation of cyclic dinucleotide analogs., Commemorative International Symposium of the Japan Society of Nucleic Acids Chemistry (CISNAC 2019), Jul. 2019.
15.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis and biological potential of modified cyclic dinucleotides., Asian International Symposium, Mar. 2019.
16.	Seigi Yamamoto, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Naoshi Yamazaki, Tatsuya Fukuta, Kentaro Kogure and Noriaki Minakawa : Development and Evaluation of Photoresponsive DNA Prism with Nucleic Acid Medicine., The 45th International Symposium on Nucleic Acids Chemistry (ISNAC 2018), Nov. 2018.
17.	Kohki Matsumoto, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : Creation of a puDDD: pyAAA H-bonding base pair in DNA oligonucleotide., The 45th International Symposium on Nucleic Acids Chemistry (ISNAC 2018), Nov. 2018.
18.	Tomoya Wada, Mayu Yamada, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : Elucidating dynamic interactions between siRNA and proteins using a pair of nucleoside chemical probes., The 23rd International Roundtable of Nucleosides,Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids(IRT 2018), Aug. 2018.
19.	Naoshi Yamazaki, Makiko Shinomiya, Hironobu Ike, Yasuo Shinohara, Noriaki Minakawa, Kouji Itou and Yoshiharu Takiguchi : Use of modified U1 small nuclear RNA for improved formation of properly spliced mRNA encoding human cathepsin A from the gene having an IVS7 +3a>g mutation, The 43rd FEBS Congress, Praha, Jul. 2018.
20.	Noriaki Minakawa : Development of nucleic acid medicines integrated into DNA nanostructures., FIBER International Summit for Nucleic Acids 2018 (FISNA 2018), Jul. 2018.
21.	Seigi Yamamoto, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : Development of Photoresponsive DNA Nanostructure Integrated Nucleic Acid Medicine, The 44th International Symposium on Nucleic Acids Chemistry (ISNAC 2017), Nov. 2017.
22.	Masashi Ohta, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis and properties of 4-selenoRNA, The 44th International Symposium on Nucleic Acids Chemistry (ISNAC 2017), Nov. 2017.
23.	Kentaro Kogure, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, K Fujikawa, Y Oshima, Tasuku Torao, M Mimura, M Hasan, S Hama, Tamotsu Tanaka, Hiroyuki Saito and Noriaki Minakawa : Effective cellular delivery of intelligent shRNA expression device by faint electricity., The 5th Seminar of pharmaceutial sciences and technology., Sep. 2017.
24.	Kentaro Kogure, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, K Fujikawa, Y Oshima, Tasuku Torao, M Mimura, M Hasan, S Hama, Tamotsu Tanaka, Hiroyuki Saito and Noriaki Minakawa : Effective cellular delivery of intelligent shRNA expression device by faint electricity., 6th FIP Pharmaceutical Sciences World Congress (PSWC), May 2017.
25.	Naoshi Yamazaki, Yasuo Shinohara, Kouji Itou, Noriaki Minakawa and Yoshiharu Takiguchi : Rescue of mutation-induced exon 7 skipping in human Cathepsin A by using modified U1 small nuclear RNA, 2016 ASCB Annual Meeting, San Francisco, Dec. 2016.
26.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Koya Hayashi, Tatsuya Sumitomo and Noriaki Minakawa : Chemical and enzymatic synthesis of 4'-seleno oligonucleotides, ISNAC 2016 (The 43th International Symposium on Nucleic Acids Chemistry), Sep. 2016.
27.	Noriaki Minakawa : Development of RNAi Medicine Using chemically-modifide DNA analogs, FIBER International Summit for Nucleic Acids 2016(FISNA 2016), Kobe, Jul. 2016.
28.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : Generation of RNA medicine using 4-thio DNA, The 8th Takeda Science Foundation Symposium on PharmaSciences, Osaka, Jan. 2016.
29.	Nozomi Kinjoh, Hidenori ANDO, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa and Tatsuhiro Ishida : Targeted gene silencing by introduction of intelligent RNA expression device (iRed), Liposome Advances 2015, London, Dec. 2015.
30.	Noriaki Minakawa : Development of RNAi Medicine Using4'-ThioDNA, The 4th International Conference on Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Singapore, Dec. 2015.
31.	Noriaki Minakawa and Noriko Saito-Tarashima : Efficient preparation of a dumbbell-shaped minimal vector for short hairpin RNA expression using on unnatural base pair system, 3rd International Symposium on Nanomedicine Molecular Science, Tokyo, Nov. 2015.
32.	Noriaki Minakawa : A New Approach For Gene Silencing Using 4-ThioDNA, AIMECS 2015(10th AFMC International Medicinal Chemistry Symposium in 2015, JEJU(Korea), Oct. 2015.
33.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : Development of a Minimally-Sized DNA Vector for Gene Silencing using an Unnatural Base Pair Analog Having Four Hydrogen Bonds, AIMECS 2015(10th AFMC International Medicinal Chemistry Symposium in 2015), JEJU(Korea), Oct. 2015.
34.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Kinjo Nozomi, Kojima Takamitsu, Hidenori ANDO, Tatsuhiro Ishida and Noriaki Minakawa : Gene silencing via RNA interference (RNAi) machinery using 4'-thioDNA as an artificial template, The 42nd International Symposium on Nucleic Acids Chemistry, Himeji, Sep. 2015.
35.	Noriaki Minakawa : Gene silencing via RNAi machinery using 4'-thio DNA, 第6回日本-台湾ナノメディシンシンポジウム, 台湾(台北), Jan. 2015.
36.	Miyazawa Tadashi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis and Properties of a novel 1,2-dithianenucleoside, The 41st International Symposium on Nucleic Acids Chemistry, Kitakyushu International Conference Center(Kitakyusyu Japan), Nov. 2014.
37.	Sagara Kazuyuki, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : A convenient RNA purification method with a combination of click chemistry and a photolabile group, The 41st International Symposium on Nucleic Acids Chemistry, Kitakyushu International Conference Center(Kitakyusyu Japan), Nov. 2014.
38.	Kazuhiro Furukawa, Higuchi Yosuke, Miyazawa Tadashi and Noriaki Minakawa : A New Dumbbell-Shaped Decoy DNA targeting NF-k B with the unnatural base pair ImON:NaNO, OTS annual meeting, San Diego California, Oct. 2014.
39.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Sumitomo Tatsuya, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF 4-SELENODNA, XXI Round Table on Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, Poznan(Poland), Aug. 2014.
40.	Noriaki Minakawa, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Hayashi Koya, Terasaki Maki, Taniike Hirotsugu, Inagaki Yusuke, Fukuda Shinji, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Matsuda Akira : How to prepare 4-selenoRNA?, XXI Round Table on Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, Poznan(Poland), Aug. 2014.
41.	Higuchi Yosuke, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis of circular decoy DNA containing unnatural base pair ImON:NaNO by CuAAC reaction, The 40th International Symposium on Nucleic Acids Chemistry, 神奈川大学(神奈川県), Nov. 2013.
42.	Hayashi Koya, Tarashima Noriko, Terasaki Maki, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Fukuda Shinji and Noriaki Minakawa : Consideration of insufficient yield in oligonucleotide synthesis containing 4'-selenonucleosides, The 40th International Symposium on Nucleic Acids Chemistry, 神奈川大学(神奈川県), Nov. 2013.
43.	Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : Allosteric control of DNA-hydrolyzing deoxyribozyme by short oligonucleotides, The 40th International Symposium on Nucleic Acids Chemistry, 神奈川大学(神奈川県), Nov. 2013.
44.	Tarashima Noriko, Naoshi Yamazaki, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : Enzymatic incorporation of unnatural ImNN:NaOO base pair consisting of four hydrogen bonds, The 40th International Symposium on Nucleic Acids Chemistry, 神奈川大学(神奈川県), Nov. 2013.
45.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Kojima Takamitsu, Hashimoto Yosuke, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Naoshi Yamazaki, Hiroshi Kiwada, Tatsuhiro Ishida, Noriaki Minakawa and Yoshiharu Takiguchi : A novel approach of gene suppression using an intelligent shRNA expressing device (iRed), 9th Annual Meeting of the Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Society, Naples(Italy), Oct. 2013.
46.	Y. Kikuchi, Naoshi Yamazaki, Yoshiharu Takiguchi and Noriaki Minakawa : Gene silencing by 2'-modified-4'-thio oligonucleotides via U1i machinery, 第39回国際核酸化学シンポジウム, Nov. 2012.
47.	A. Matsuda, M. Takahashi, Noriaki Minakawa, H. Hatakeyama, M. Murata, Y. Sato and H. Harashima : 2'-OMe-4'-thioRNA as a potential use for oligonucleotide therapeutics, 8th Annual Metting of the OTS, Oct. 2012.
48.	Mayumi Takahashi, Noriaki Minakawa and Akira Matsuda : Inhibition of microRNA activity by 2-O-methyl-4-thioribonucleoside modified anti-microRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs), 7th Annual Meeting of the Oligonucleotide Therapeutic Society, Sep. 2011.
49.	M. Takahashi, C. Nagai, H. Hatakeyama, Noriaki Minakawa and H. Harashima : Highly durable gene-silencing effect by 2´-O-Me-4´-thioribonucleotides modified siRNA, The International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies - Pacifichem 2010, Dec. 2010.
50.	N. Tarashima, K. Kuramoto, Y. Komatsu, A. Matsuda and Noriaki Minakawa : Enzymatic recognition of unnatural imidazopyridopyrimidine:naphthyridine base pair, ImNN:NaOO, by DNA polymerases, The International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies - Pacifichem 2010, Dec. 2010.
51.	H. Taniike, Y. Inagaki, A. Matsuda and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis of 4-selenoribonucleosides using hypervalent iodine, The International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies - Pacifichem 2010, Dec. 2010.
52.	Y. Saito, M. Takahashi, A. Matsuda and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis and properties of 2-O-MOE-4-thioRNA, The International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies - Pacifichem 2010, Dec. 2010.
53.	K. Furuita, N. Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa, Y. Komatsu, A. Matsuda and C. Kojima : 2)NMR study of the DNA duplex containing a thermally stable base-pairing motif, The 37th International Symposium on Nucleic Acids Chemistry 2010, Oct. 2010.
54.	M. Takahashi, C. Nagai, H. Hatakeyama, Noriaki Minakawa, H. Harashima and A. Matsuda : 1)Evaluation of potency and duration of gene silencing activity by siRNAs containing 2´-O-Me-4´-thioribonucleosides, IRT 2010-XIX International Round Table on Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, Aug. 2010.

Proceeding of Domestic Conference:

1.	Noriaki Minakawa : COVID-19に有効なヌクレオシド誘導体の発見, 日本薬学会第144年会, Mar. 2024.
2.	Jun Tsukimoto, RIN Fukuike, Mizuki Miyoshi, Yuto Horii, Toshiki Iniwa, Nijiho Kamori, Yoshie Takeuchi, 西岡宗一郎, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa and Kouji Itou : NEU1欠損症モデルマウスの作製と新規遺伝子治療法開発, 日本薬学会第144年会, Mar. 2024.
3.	Nana Mihara, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : ホスホフロリダート交換反応を基盤とするDNA化学合成の検討, 日本薬学会第144年会, Mar. 2024.
4.	OBA Mizuki, AKIHO Murai, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Jun Tsukimoto and Noriaki Minakawa : Antibody-Ologonucleotide Conjugate (AOC)を利用する光応答性抗体凝集法の開発, 日本薬学会第144年会, Mar. 2024.
5.	INOUE Taketo, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 井上慎太郎, Sumihare Noji, Taro Mito and Noriaki Minakawa : フタホシコオロギを用いたsiRNAのin vivo活性評価系の検討, 日本薬学会第144年会, Mar. 2024.
6.	YOSHIDA Keigo, NAOTO Hinotani, OGASA Moka, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Takaaki Koma, Masako Nomaguchi and Noriaki Minakawa : SARS-CoV-2活性を発揮する3-デアザグアノシンの発見と作用メカニズム解明, 日本薬学会第144年会, Mar. 2024.
7.	KURODA Chihiro, YUTA Kashiwabara, Jun Tsukimoto, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-チオヌクレオチドの導入による化学修飾mRNAの開発, 日本薬学会第144年会, Mar. 2024.
8.	YUHEI Nogi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Takaaki Koma, Jun Tsukimoto, Masako Nomaguchi and Noriaki Minakawa : 抗SARS-CoV-2活性を指標とした4'-チオ修飾siRNAの最適化, 日本薬学会第144年会, Mar. 2024.
9.	YUHEI Nogi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Takaaki Koma, Masako Nomaguchi and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-チオ核酸修飾siRNAの開発 (1), 第62回日本薬学会·日本薬剤師会·日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Oct. 2023.
10.	Rina Ozaki, YUHEI Nogi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Takaaki Koma, Jun Tsukimoto, Masako Nomaguchi and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-チオ核酸修飾siRNAの開発 (2), 第62回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Oct. 2023.
11.	OGASA Moka, NAOTO Hinotani, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Takaaki Koma, Masako Nomaguchi and Noriaki Minakawa : 抗SARS-CoV-2の活性獲得を目指した3-デアザプリンヌクレオシド類の合成, 第62回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Oct. 2023.
12.	Nana Mihara, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-チオレムデシビルの合成研究, 第62回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Oct. 2023.
13.	KAWAGUCHI Mana, Mayu Yamada, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 抗SARS-CoV-2活性を有する5-hydroxymethyltubercidin (HMTU) の合成, 第62回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Oct. 2023.
14.	Noriaki Minakawa : ウイルス性肺炎を抑制するヌクレオシドアナログの発見, 核酸化学を基盤とする医薬品化学シンポジウム, Oct. 2023.
15.	Jun Tsukimoto, Mizuki Miyoshi, RIN Fukuike, Yuto Horii, Nijiho Kamori, Yoshie Takeuchi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa and Kouji Itou : ノイラミニダーゼ1細胞内結晶化の抑制とリソソーム病遺伝子治療への応用, 日本核酸医薬学会第8回年会, Jul. 2023.
16.	YUHEI Nogi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Takaaki Koma, Masako Nomaguchi and Noriaki Minakawa : SARS-CoV-2を標的とした4'-チオ修飾siRNAの創製, 日本核酸医薬学会第8回年会, Jul. 2023.
17.	Yuki Sakaue, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 2′-Fluoro-4′-thiopurine nucleosides の合成研究, 創薬懇話会2023, Jun. 2023.
18.	Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-チオ核酸を基盤とした創薬化学研究, 日本薬剤学会第38年会, May 2023.
19.	HASHIMOTO Ayaka, Mai Inagaki, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Shunya Yamauchi, Noriaki Minakawa and Masanori Tachikawa : 環状ジヌクレオチドによるヒト脳微小血管内皮細胞STING経路の活性化, 日本薬学会第143年会, Mar. 2023.
20.	YUHEI Nogi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : DNA二重らせん中におけるZ塩基の塩基対形成能, 日本薬学会第143年会, Mar. 2023.
21.	Aki Kondoh, KINOSHITA Mao, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 糖部4'位を硫黄原子で置換した環状ジヌクレオチド類 (CDNs) は優れたSTINGアゴニスト活性を発揮する, 日本薬学会第143年会, Mar. 2023.
22.	Aki Kondoh, KINOSHITA Mao, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 糖部フラノース環4'位に硫黄原子を有するcyclic dinucleotide (CDN) analogsの創薬化学研究, 第61回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2022.
23.	Kanako Kawanishi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 光分解性保護基を有するAntibody-Oligonucleotide Conjugateの創製, 第61回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2022.
24.	Naoya Ueda, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 2'-置換-N4-ヒドロキシシチジン (NHC) 誘導体の合成および新型コロナウイルス (SARS-CoV-2) に対する活性評価, 第61回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2022.
25.	AKIHO Murai, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : ZTPの化学合成とRNAポリメラーゼに対する基質認識能の評価, 第61回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2022.
26.	Yuya Shiraki, 前田璃音, MIYAZAWA Toshiki, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 吉村祐一 and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-チオBNA/LNAヌクレオシドの合成研究, 第61回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2022.
27.	Yuki Sakaue, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 2'-Deoxy-2'-F-4'-thionucleosideの合成研究, 第61回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2022.
28.	Yuma Kagotani, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-SelenoRNAから構成される環状ジヌクレオチドの合成研究, 第61回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2022.
29.	Kou Motani, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, K Nishino, Shunya Yamauchi, Noriaki Minakawa and Hidetaka Kosako : ACBD3 forms specialized ER-Golgi contact sites to drive the ER exit of STING., The 17th International Symposium of the Institute Network, Kanazawa, Oct. 2022.
30.	Shunya Yamauchi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Kou Motani, Hidetaka Kosako and Noriaki Minakawa : 膜透過性型cyclic dinucleotide analogの創製, 日本核酸医薬学会第7回年会, Jul. 2022.
31.	Noriaki Minakawa : 核酸医薬品開発の現状と4'-チオ核酸を基盤とした我々の研究の取り組み, 日本プロセス化学会2022サマーシンポジウム, Jun. 2022.
32.	NAOTO Hinotani, Motoki Nakamura, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 大場靖子, 澤洋文, 松田彰, 前仲勝美 and Noriaki Minakawa : 5-Ethynylimidazole-4-carboxamide (EICA)ヌクレオチドプロドラッグの合成と抗デングウイルス活性, 日本薬学会第142年会, Mar. 2022.
33.	Shunya Yamauchi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Kou Motani, Hidetaka Kosako and Noriaki Minakawa : 膜透過型STINGアゴニストとしてのbis-pivSATE-2'-F-c-di-dAMPの創製, 日本薬学会第142年会, Mar. 2022.
34.	AKIHO Murai, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : ZTPの合成と各種ポリメラーゼに対する基質認識能の評価, 日本薬学会第142年会, Mar. 2022.
35.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, KINOSHITA Mao, Aki Kondoh and Noriaki Minakawa : 環状ジヌクレオチド糖部4'位への硫黄原子の導入はSTINGアゴニスト活性を増強させる, 日本化学会第102春季年会, Mar. 2022.
36.	YUHEI Nogi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : AICA (Z) 塩基を含むDNAオリゴマーの合成と性質評価, 日本化学会第102春季年会, Mar. 2022.
37.	YUTA Kashiwabara, Shunya Yamauchi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 膜透過型STINGアゴニストの創製研究, 第60回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2021.
38.	YUHEI Nogi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : Z塩基を含むDNAオリゴマーの合成と物理化学的性質評価, 第60回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2021.
39.	AKIHO Murai, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : ZTPの合成とRNAポリメラーゼに対する基質認識能の解析, 第60回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2021.
40.	NAOTO Hinotani, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 抗ウイルス活性の獲得を目指した3-デアザプリンヌクレオシド類の合成研究, 第60回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2021.
41.	Ayuka Shibayama, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 抗RNAウイルス剤開発を目的とした5-置換ウリジン誘導体の合成, 第60回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2021.
42.	KINOSHITA Mao, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Aki Kondoh and Noriaki Minakawa : ヌクレオチド糖部4'位に硫黄原子を有する環状ジヌクレオチドアナログの創製, 第15回バイオ関連化学シンポジウム, Sep. 2021.
43.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 松尾礼子 and Noriaki Minakawa : The gene expression of 4'-thioDNA via 4'-thioRNA in an artificial cell, FIBER 核酸化学若手フォーラム, Aug. 2021.
44.	UENO Mana, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-チオRNAのCRISPR CAS9法への応用, 日本核酸医薬学会第6回年会, Jun. 2021.
45.	Masashi Ohta, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-セレノRNAの性質評価およびsiRNAへの導入, 日本核酸医薬学会第6回年会, Jun. 2021.
46.	Aki Kondoh, KINOSHITA Mao, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : STINGアゴニスト作用を有する環状ジヌクレオチドアナログの創製, 創薬懇話会 2021 in 京都, Jun. 2021.
47.	Aki Kondoh, KINOSHITA Mao, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 4-チオフラノースを構成糖にもつ環状ジヌクレオチドアナログの合成と免疫誘導評価, 日本ケミカルバイオロジー学会第15回年会, Jun. 2021.
48.	Masashi Ohta, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 高橋宏美, 近藤次郎 and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-セレノRNAの化学合成・性質評価・医薬分子への導入, 第19回次世代を担う有機化学シンポジウム, May 2021.
49.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : セントラルドグマを化学し，新しい創薬モダリティを提案する, 日本薬剤学会第36年会, May 2021.
50.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 松尾礼子 and Noriaki Minakawa : 4-チオフラノースを構成糖に持つ人工核酸による遺伝子発現, 日本化学会第101春季年会, Mar. 2021.
51.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Yusuke Kumanomidoh and Noriaki Minakawa : イミダゾール型環状ジヌクレオチド誘導体の合成研究, 日本薬学会第140年会, Mar. 2020.
52.	Mao Kinoshita, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : c-di-4'-thioAMPの合成と自然免疫誘導能の評価, 日本薬学会第140年会, Mar. 2020.
53.	Mana Ueno, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-チオガイドRNAを利用するゲノム編集の試み, 日本薬学会第140年会, Mar. 2020.
54.	Hiroya Kawano, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 抗デングウイルス活性の増強を目指したイミダゾールヌクレオシド誘導体の合成研究, 日本薬学会第140年会, Mar. 2020.
55.	Tomoya Wada, Mayu Yamada, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : siRNA-タンパク質間相互作用解析のための標的捕捉型ケミカルプローブ導入siRNAの創製と性質評価, 日本薬学会第140年会, Mar. 2020.
56.	Mana Ueno, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : ゲノム編集に利用可能な4'-チオガイドRNAの開発, 第58回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2019.
57.	Katsuyuki Terauchi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : ホスホロチオエート型c-di-AMPプロドラッグの合成研究, 第58回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2019.
58.	Yusuke Kumanomidoh, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : イミダゾール型環状ジヌクレオチドc-di-ZMPの合成, 第58回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2019.
59.	Mao Kinoshita, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Yusuke Kumanomidoh and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-位に硫黄原子を有する環状ジヌクレオチドの合成と自然免疫誘導能の評価, 日本核酸医薬学会第5回年会, Jul. 2019.
60.	Motoki Nakamura, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Yuki Okano, 黒沢まどか, 岩部愛, 渡辺匡史, 加藤文博, 日紫喜隆行, 藤室雅弘 and Noriaki Minakawa : 抗デングウイルス活性を有するイミダゾールヌクレオシド類の開発研究, 日本核酸医薬学会第5回年会, Jul. 2019.
61.	Mayu Yamada, Tomoya Wada, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : ヌクレオシドケミカルプローブ②: 光反応性ケミカルプローブ7dia-deAの改良合成法の開発研究, 日本核酸医薬学会第5回年会, Jul. 2019.
62.	Yusuke Kumanomidoh, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 環状ジヌクレオチドアナログc-di-ZMPの合成, 日本核酸医薬学会第5回年会, Jul. 2019.
63.	Masashi Ohta, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 高橋宏美, 近藤次郎 and Noriaki Minakawa : 4種のヌクレオチドがセレノ修飾された完全修飾型4'-セレノRNAの合成と性質解析, 日本核酸医薬学会第5回年会, Jul. 2019.
64.	Tomoya Wada, Mayu Yamada, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : ヌクレオシドケミカルプローブ①: siRNA-タンパク質間相互作用様式の解明に向けた光反応性ケミカルプローブの開発研究, 日本核酸医薬学会第5回年会, Jul. 2019.
65.	松尾礼子, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-チオ核酸類によって構成されるセントラルドグマの構築, 日本核酸医薬学会第5回年会, Jul. 2019.
66.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 松尾礼子 and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-チオ核酸により構成されるネオセントラルドグマの確立, 日本薬学会第139年会, Mar. 2019.
67.	Mayu Yamada, Tomoya Wada, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : RNA結合タンパク質捕捉のためのヌクレオシド型ケミカルプローブの開発研究, 第57回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2018.
68.	Yusuke Kumanomidoh, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Yohsuke Igata, Naoki Yamaguchi and Noriaki Minakawa : 亜リン酸の段階的活性化に基づく環状ジヌクレオチド類合成法の開発, 第57回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2018.
69.	Motoki Nakamura, 岡野裕貴, 黒沢まどか, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 日紫喜隆行, 加藤文博, 渡部匡史, 藤室雅弘 and Noriaki Minakawa : イミダゾールヌクレオシドを基盤とする抗デングウイルス剤の創製研究, 第57回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2018.
70.	黒澤まどか, 日紫喜隆之, 加藤文博, Yuki Okano, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa, 渡部匡史 and 藤室雅弘 : 抗デングウイルス化合物の探索, 第66回日本ウイルス学会学術集会, Oct. 2018.
71.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Yohsuke Igata, Kazuto Shiraishi, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : mRNAの構造変化を誘起するヌクレオチド誘導体の創製 –c-di-4'-thioAMPの合成とリボスイッチに対する結合親和性評価–, 日本核酸医薬学会第4回年会, Jul. 2018.
72.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Yohsuke Igata, Kazuto Shiraishi, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : mRNAの構造変化を誘起する中分子化合物の創製 –c-di-4'-thioAMPの合成とリボスイッチに対する結合親和性評価–, 日本ケミカルバイオロジー学会第13回年会, Jun. 2018.
73.	大島康史, Hasan Mahadi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 濱進, Tatsuya Fukuta, Tamotsu Tanaka, Noriaki Minakawa and Kentaro Kogure : 微弱電流処理を利用した機能性核酸の細胞内取り込みの検討, 日本薬学会138年会, Mar. 2018.
74.	Tomoki Takahashi, Seigi Yamamoto, 江村智子, 日高久美, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 遠藤政幸, 杉山弘 and Noriaki Minakawa : iRedを骨格とした核酸ナノ構造体の開発研究, 日本薬学会第138年会, Mar. 2018.
75.	Naomichi Morita, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 環状ジヌクレオチドミミックの合成と機能評価, 日本薬学会第138年会, Mar. 2018.
76.	黒澤まどか, 日紫喜隆行, 加藤文博, Yuki Okano, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa, Atsushi Nakayama, Kosuke Namba, 渡部匡史 and 藤室雅弘 : レプリコンアッセイ法を用いた抗デングウイルス化合物の探索, 日本薬学会第138年会, Mar. 2018.
77.	Seigi Yamamoto, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : Development of nucleic acid medicine delivery system using photo- responsive nucleic acid nanostructure, 日本化学会第98春季年会, Mar. 2018.
78.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 核酸‐タンパク質間相互作用解析のためのケミカルアプローチ, 2017年度生命科学系学会合同年次大会, Dec. 2017.
79.	Kentaro Kogure, 大島康史, Tasuku Torao, 三村美夕紀, 藤川昂樹, Hasan Mahadi, 濱進, Tatsuya Fukuta, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Tamotsu Tanaka and Noriaki Minakawa : 微弱電流処理による高分子医薬の細胞質送達と機能発現, 第39回生体膜と薬物の相互作用シンポジウム, Oct. 2017.
80.	大島康史, 虎尾祐, 三村美夕紀, Hasan Mahadi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 濱進, Tatsuya Fukuta, Tamotsu Tanaka, Noriaki Minakawa and Kentaro Kogure : ユニークなエンドサイトーシスを誘起する微弱電流を利用した機能性核酸の細胞質送達, 第56回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Oct. 2017.
81.	Kohki Matsumoto, 与那覇乙梨恵, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : DDD:AAA型水素結合様式を持つ人工塩基対の合成と性質解析, 第56回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Oct. 2017.
82.	Masashi Ohta, Kazuki Ishii, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-セレノRNAの合成並びに性質解析, 第56回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Oct. 2017.
83.	黒澤まどか, 渡部匡史, 日紫喜隆行, 加藤文博, Yuki Okano, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa and 藤室雅弘 : Replicon assay法を用いた抗デングウイルス化合物の探索, 第67回日本薬学会近畿支部総会・大会, Oct. 2017.
84.	岩部愛, 渡部匡史, 日紫喜隆行, 加藤文博, 岡野裕貴, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa and 藤室雅弘 : 核酸誘導体を活用した抗デングウイルス剤の開発, 第67回日本薬学会近畿支部総会・大会, Oct. 2017.
85.	田中里歩, 渡部匡史, Yuki Okano, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa and 藤室雅弘 : 核酸誘導体を用いた抗HSV-1化合物の探索, 第67回日本薬学会近畿支部総会・大会, Oct. 2017.
86.	Noriaki Minakawa : Chemiacal and Enzymatic Syntheses of 4'-Selenonucleic Acids, FISNA2017, Jul. 2017.
87.	Seigi Yamamoto, Ryohei Nakano, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 核酸医薬分子を組み込んだDNAナノ構造体の構築とその性質, 日本核酸医薬学会第3回年会, Jul. 2017.
88.	Noriaki Minakawa, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Tomoki Takahashi, Seigi Yamamoto, Nozomi Kinjoh, Hidenori ANDO, Tatsuhiro Ishida and Kentaro Kogure : 化学修飾DNAを利用したRNA創薬, 第33回日本DDS学会学術集会, Jul. 2017.
89.	Tomoya Wada, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : ケミカルプローブ導入siRNAを用いたパターン認識受容体との相互作用解析, 日本ケミカルバイオロジー学会第12回年会, Jun. 2017.
90.	Yohsuke Igata, Kazuyuki Sagara, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 核酸分子の簡便精製を可能とする`キャッチ&リリース'タグの開発, 日本ケミカルバイオロジー学会第12回年会, Jun. 2017.
91.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Tomoya Wada and Noriaki Minakawa : RNA-タンパク質間相互作用解析のためのケミカルアプローチ, 日本ケミカルバイオロジー学会第12回年会, Jun. 2017.
92.	Kentaro Kogure, 藤川昂樹, Hasan Mahadi, 濱進, Tamotsu Tanaka, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 微弱電流による新規核酸iRedの細胞内送達と遺伝子発現制御, 遺伝子・デリバリー研究会第17回シンポジウム, May 2017.
93.	Masashi Ohta, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Kazuki Ishii and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-セレノリボヌクレオシド類の効率的合成とRNAオリゴマー導入の試み, 日本薬学会第137年会, Mar. 2017.
94.	Tomoya Wada, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 吉良太孝 and Noriaki Minakawa : siRNA-パターン認識受容体の相互作用解析のためのケミカルアプローチ, 日本薬学会第137年会, Mar. 2017.
95.	Yohsuke Igata, Kazuyuki Sagara, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 核酸分子の簡便精製を可能とする`Catch & Release' 法の開発, 日本薬学会第137年会, Mar. 2017.
96.	藤澤絋希, 太田智絵, 中村誠宏, 松田久司, 日紫喜隆行, 加藤文博, Yuki Okano, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa, 伊藤早織, 渡部匡史 and 藤室雅弘 : ワイン発酵残渣由来化合物と核酸誘導体からの抗デングウイルス化合物の探索, 日本薬学会第137年会, Mar. 2017.
97.	伊藤早織, 藤澤絋希, 渡部匡史, 日紫喜隆行, 加藤文博, Yuki Okano, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa and 藤室雅弘 : 核酸構造を活用した抗デングウイルス化合物の探索, 日本薬学会第137年会, Mar. 2017.
98.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Tomoya Wada, 吉良太孝 and Noriaki Minakawa : RNA-タンパク質間の動的な相互作用解析のためのケミカルアプローチ―真に医薬応用可能な化学修飾siRNAの理論的設計法の確立へ向けて―, 第34回メディシナルケミストリーシンポジウム, Dec. 2016.
99.	Kentaro Kogure, Mahadi Hasan, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Kohki Fujikawa, 濱進, Tamotsu Tanaka, 樫田啓, 浅沼浩之, Hiroyuki Saito and Noriaki Minakawa : 微弱電流による機能性核酸の効率的な細胞質送達, 日本核酸医薬学会第2回年会(東京), Dec. 2016.
100.	井形陽佑, 相良和幸, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : `キャッチ&リリース'法を用いたオリゴヌクレオチドの簡便精製法の開発, 日本核酸医薬学会第2回年会, Nov. 2016.
101.	Noriaki Minakawa : RNA-タンパク質間相互作用解析のためのケミカルアプローチ, 日本核酸医薬学会第2回年会, Nov. 2016.
102.	和田知也, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 吉良太孝 and Noriaki Minakawa : RNA-タンパク質間相互作用解明のためのケミカルツールの創製, 第55回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会・中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2016.
103.	Maria Kimura, Makiko Shinomiya, Hironobu Ike, Akari Saitoh, Naoshi Yamazaki, Kouji Itou, Noriaki Minakawa and Yoshiharu Takiguchi : カテプシンAスプライシング異常の修復を目指した改変U1 snRNA発現系の構築, 第55回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2016.
104.	御牧夕紀子, Naoto Okada, Shinji Abe, Chiemi Sato, Noriaki Minakawa and Kazuyoshi Kawazoe : 悪性黒色腫患者における抗PD-1抗体療法の治療効果および免疫関連副作用の発現と血中リンパ球数推移との関連性の検討, 第55回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2016.
105.	Noriaki Minakawa : 遊び心を持って研究を, 第21回プロセス化学東四国フォーラム, Oct. 2016.
106.	和田知也, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : ケミカルプローブを利用したsiRNA-タンパク質間相互作用における分子認識機構の解明, 第21回プロセス化学東四国フォーラムセミナー, Oct. 2016.
107.	藤澤絋希, 伊藤早織, 渡部匡史, 太田智絵, 中村誠宏, 松田久司, 日紫喜隆行, 加藤文博, 岡野裕貴, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa and 藤室雅弘 : ワイン発酵残渣と核酸誘導体を用いた抗デングウイルス化合物の探索, 第66回日本薬学会近畿支部総会・大会, Oct. 2016.
108.	伊藤早織, 藤澤絋希, 渡部匡史, 日紫喜隆行, 加藤文博, 岡野裕貴, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa and 藤室雅弘 : 核酸誘導体を骨格とした抗デングウイルス化合物の探索, 第66回日本薬学会近畿支部総会・大会, Oct. 2016.
109.	太田雅士, 石井和貴, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 超原子価ヨウ素を用いた4'-セレノプリンリボヌクレオシドの効率的合成法の開発研究, 第20回プロセス化学東四国フォーラムセミナー, Jun. 2016.
110.	Kazuko YORITA, Sumire Kurosawa, Yuuri Yoshida, Akira Otaka, Yoshiki Kashiwada, Shigeki Sano, Noriaki Minakawa and Kiyoshi Fukui : ヒトD-アミノ酸酸化酵素のエフェクター探索と構造活性相関, 日本ビタミン学会第68回大会, Jun. 2016.
111.	Hasan Mahadi, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Kohki Fujikawa, Takashi Ohgita, Susumu Hama, Tamotsu Tanaka, Hiroyuki Saito, Noriaki Minakawa and Kentaro Kogure : Intracellular delivery of a novel functional nucleic acid iRed by faint electric treatment for effective regulation of target genes, 第32回DDS学術集会, Jun. 2016.
112.	Maria Kimura, Hironobu Ike, Akari Saitoh, Naoshi Yamazaki, Kouji Itou, Noriaki Minakawa and Yoshiharu Takiguchi : 塩基改変したU1 snRNAによるカテプシンAスプライス異常修復効果の検討, 第57回日本生化学会中国四国支部例会, May 2016.
113.	Nozomi Kinjoh, Hidenori ANDO, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa and Tatsuhiro Ishida : 悪性胸膜中皮腫治療における新規shRNA発現化学修飾核酸の有用性の検討, 日本薬剤学会第31年会, May 2016.
114.	Kazuto Shiraishi, Keiji Murakami, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Yoichiro Miyake and Noriaki Minakawa : ホスホジエステラーゼ抵抗性を有する4'-チオ化学修飾型環状ジヌクレオチドの合成と評価, 日本薬学会第136年会, Mar. 2016.
115.	谷川真理, Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 新規蛍光性ヌクレオシドの合成と性質解析, 日本薬学会第136年会, Mar. 2016.
116.	高橋知樹, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 御牧夕希子 and Noriaki Minakawa : 新規遺伝子発現抑制デバイスiRedの開発と完全化学合成に向けた検討, 日本薬学会第136年会, Mar. 2016.
117.	岡野裕貴, 伊藤早織, 渡部匡史, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 日紫喜隆行, 加藤文博, 藤室雅弘 and Noriaki Minakawa : 抗RNAウイルス活性の増強を目指したヌクレオシドリン酸プロドラッグの合成, 日本薬学会第136年会, Mar. 2016.
118.	上田夏瑞, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 三木和也, 山村桃子, Naoshi Yamazaki and Noriaki Minakawa : iRedを利用した持続的microRNA補充法の開発, 日本薬学会第136年会, Mar. 2016.
119.	Nozomi Kinjoh, Hidenori ANDO, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa and Tatsuhiro Ishida : Intelligent shRNA expression deviceのin vitro, in vivoにおける有用性評価, 日本薬学会第136年会, Mar. 2016.
120.	池啓伸, Naoshi Yamazaki, 金澤慶祐, 木村麻里安, Noriaki Minakawa, Daisuke Tsuji and Kouji Itou : 改変型U1 snRNAを用いたヒトカテプシンAの遺伝子発現におけるスプライシング異常の是正, 日本薬学会第136年会(横浜), Mar. 2016.
121.	Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-チオDNAを用いた遺伝子発現抑制の新戦略, BMB2015 第38回日本分子生物学会年会・第88回日本生化学会大会合同大会, Dec. 2015.
122.	池啓伸, Naoshi Yamazaki, 金澤慶祐, 木村麻里安, Noriaki Minakawa, Daisuke Tsuji and Kouji Itou : 改変型低分子RNAを用いたヒトカテプシンAの遺伝子発現におけるスプライシング異常の是正, BMB2015 第38回日本分子生物学会年会・第88回日本生化学会大会合同大会, Dec. 2015.
123.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 人工塩基対の酵素認識に基づくダンベル型遺伝子発現デバイスの創製, 日本核酸医薬学会第1回年会, Dec. 2015.
124.	Kazuya Miki, Momoko Yamamura, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Naoshi Yamazaki, Noriaki Minakawa and Yoshiharu Takiguchi : 新規機能性RNA発現デバイスiRedを用いたmiRNA産生による遺伝子発現抑制効果の検討, BMB2015 第38回日本分子生物学会年会・第88回日本生化学会大会合同大会, Dec. 2015.
125.	Maria Kimura, Keisuke Kanazawa, Akari Saitoh, Naoshi Yamazaki, Hironobu Ike, Kouji Itou, Noriaki Minakawa and Yoshiharu Takiguchi : 改変U1 snRNAを用いた変異カテプシンAスプライス異常の修復, BMB2015 第38回日本分子生物学会年会・第88回日本生化学会大会合同大会, Dec. 2015.
126.	Nozomi Kinjoh, Hidenori ANDO, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa and Tatsuhiro Ishida : Intelligent RNA expression devise(iRed)による標的遺伝子抑制に関する検討, 第37回生体膜と薬物の相互作用シンポジウム, Nov. 2015.
127.	Keisuke Kanazawa, Maria Kimura, Akari Saitoh, Naoshi Yamazaki, Hironobu Ike, Kouji Itou, Noriaki Minakawa and Yoshiharu Takiguchi : 改変U1 snRNAを用いたヒトカテプシンAエクソンスキッピングの修復, 第54回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Oct. 2015.
128.	Noriaki Minakawa : 化学修飾DNAを利用したRNAi創薬, 核酸化学最前線フォーラム, Jul. 2015.
129.	白石和人, Keiji Murakami, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Yoichiro Miyake and Noriaki Minakawa : 糖部修飾型環状ジヌクレオチドの合成と評価, 創薬懇話会2015 in 徳島, Jul. 2015.
130.	Nozomi Kinjoh, Hidenori ANDO, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa and Tatsuhiro Ishida : 新規RNAi分子発現核酸デバイスのin vitro, in vivo有用性評価, 第31回日本DDS学会学術集会, Jul. 2015.
131.	白石和人, Keiji Murakami, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Yoichiro Miyake and Noriaki Minakawa : Cyclic-di-4'-S-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-SAMP)の合成と評価, 第17回プロセス化学東四国フォーラムセミナー, Jun. 2015.
132.	Kazuko YORITA, Sumire Kurosawa, Yuji Shishido, Shigeki Sano, Yoshiki Kashiwada, Noriaki Minakawa and Kiyoshi Fukui : ヒト由来D-アミノ酸酸化酵素のエフェクター探索のためのハイスループットクリーニングと構造機能相関, 第56回日本生化学会中国四国支部例会, May 2015.
133.	Nozomi Kinjoh, Hidenori ANDO, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa and Tatsuhiro Ishida : 新規RNAi分子発現核酸デバイスを用いた標的遺伝子発現抑制効果, 日本膜学会第37年会, May 2015.
134.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 人工塩基対を利用した第2世代intelligent RNA expression device (iRed) の開発研究, 遺伝子・デリバリー研究会第15回シンポジウム, May 2015.
135.	Nozomi Kinjoh, Hidenori ANDO, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa and Tatsuhiro Ishida : 胸腔内がん治療を目指した新規核酸デバイスの有用性評価, 遺伝子・デリバリー研究会第15回シンポジウム, May 2015.
136.	金澤慶佑, Naoshi Yamazaki, Hironobu Ike, Kouji Itou, Noriaki Minakawa and Yoshiharu Takiguchi : 改変U1 snRNAによるヒトカテプシンAスプライス異常修復, 遺伝子・デリバリー研究会第15回シンポジウム, May 2015.
137.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 小島孝光, Nozomi Kinjoh, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Hidenori ANDO, Tatsuhiro Ishida and Noriaki Minakawa : New strategy for suppression of gene expresstion using intelligent RNA expressing device (iRed), 日本化学会第95春季年会, Mar. 2015.
138.	谷川真理, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : トリアザペンタレン型蛍光核酸の合成とRNAオリゴマーへの導入, 日本薬学会第135年会, Mar. 2015.
139.	中野稜平, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : 化学的アプローチによるc-di-AMPリボスイッチの分子認識機構の解明, 日本薬学会第135年会, Mar. 2015.
140.	Noriaki Minakawa : 創薬研究の新展開∼低分子創薬から高分子創薬へ∼, 第5回酵素学講習会(酵素学ウィンタースクール), Jan. 2015.
141.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 小島孝光, Nozomi Kinjoh, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Hidenori ANDO, Tatsuhiro Ishida and Noriaki Minakawa : Intelligent RNA expressing device (iRed)を利用した核酸創薬の新手法, 第32回メディシナルケミストリーシンポジウム, Nov. 2014.
142.	谷川真理, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : トリアザペンタレン型新規蛍光核酸の合成, 第53回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2014.
143.	中野稜平, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : リボスイッチを標的としたc-di-AMP誘導体の合成と構造活性相関解析, 第53回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2014.
144.	白石和人, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : 4 '-チオ環状ジヌクレオチド類の合成研究, 第53回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2014.
145.	Nozomi Kinjoh, Hidenori ANDO, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa and Tatsuhiro Ishida : Intelligent RNA expressing devise(iRed)の細胞内導入による標的遺伝子抑制, 第53回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2014.
146.	Shoko Tanaka, Keisuke Kanazawa, Naoshi Yamazaki, Hironobu Ike, Kouji Itou, Noriaki Minakawa and Yoshiharu Takiguchi : 改変U1 snRNAによるヒトカテプシンAスプライス異常修復の試み, 第53回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2014.
147.	Kazuya Miki, Naoshi Yamazaki, Hirotaka Kira, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Noriaki Minakawa and Yoshiharu Takiguchi : ナノ核酸デバイスを用いたsiRNAオフターゲット効果の抑制, 第53回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2014.
148.	池啓伸, Naoshi Yamazaki, 田中翔子, 金澤慶祐, Yoshiharu Takiguchi, Noriaki Minakawa and Kouji Itou : 改変U1 snRNAによるヒトカテプシンAの遺伝子発現におけるスプライシング異常の修復, 第87回日本生化学会, Oct. 2014.
149.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 林弘也, 寺崎真樹, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-セレノRNAの化学合成-鎖切断機構の解明とその効率的合成法の開発―, 第15回プロセス化学東四国フォーラムセミナー, Sep. 2014.
150.	Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-チオ核酸を用いる核酸創薬研究の展望, 第15回NMMSセミナー及び薬品物理化学分野・細胞生物学分野合同ミニシンポジウム, Sep. 2014.
151.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 林弘也, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-セレノヌクレオシド含有オリゴヌクレオチド合成における鎖切断機構の解明とその解決法, 第44回複素環化学討論会, Sep. 2014.
152.	Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-セレノ核酸の化学‐4'-セレノ核酸は4'-チオ核酸を超えることが出来るか?‐, アンチセンス・遺伝子・デリバリーシンポジウム2014, Sep. 2014.
153.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 齋藤陽太, Yosuke Hashimoto, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Tatsuhiro Ishida and Noriaki Minakawa : ハイブリッド型化学修飾核酸2´-O-MOE-4´-thioRNAの合成とアンチmiRNAとしてのin vitro/vivo機能評価, アンチセンス・遺伝子・デリバリーシンポジウム2014, Sep. 2014.
154.	Nozomi Kinjoh, Hidenori ANDO, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Noriaki Minakawa and Tatsuhiro Ishida : Intelligent RNA expressing devise(iRed)のin vitroにおける標的遺伝子抑制に関する検討, ナノライフサイエンス・オープンセミナー2014, Aug. 2014.
155.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, 吉良太孝, Naoshi Yamazaki, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : ナノ核酸デバイスを利用したsiRNA-タンパク質相互作用における分子認識機構の解明, 創薬懇話会2014in岐阜, Jul. 2014.
156.	Naoshi Yamazaki, Shoko Tanaka, Keisuke Kanazawa, Kouji Itou, Noriaki Minakawa and Yoshiharu Takiguchi : 改変U1snRNAによるヒトカテプシンAスプライス異常修復の試み, 第55回日本生化学会中国・四国支部例会, Jun. 2014.
157.	Kazuhiro Furukawa, 児島貴美子 and Noriaki Minakawa : リガンドアナログを用いるc-diAMPリボスイッチの構造活性相関解析, 日本薬学会第134年回, Mar. 2014.
158.	住友達弥, 田良島典子, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : 2'-デオキシ-4'-セレノピリミジンヌクレオシドの合成とDNAオリゴマーへの導入, 日本薬学会第134年回, Mar. 2014.
159.	相良和幸, 松本大貴, 田良島典子, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : クリックケミストリーを用いたRNA簡便精製法の開発, 日本薬学会第134年回, Mar. 2014.
160.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Naoshi Yamazaki, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : 人工塩基対ImNN :NaO0 のPCR増幅とRNAi創薬への応用, 日本薬学会第134年回, Mar. 2014.
161.	Naoshi Yamazaki, 阿萬明, Yuki Asakura, Yuji Fujiwara, Noriaki Minakawa and Yoshiharu Takiguchi : 改変U1 snRNAによる遺伝子発現抑制効果の検討, 第23回アンチセンスシンポジウム, Nov. 2013.
162.	Yuji Fujiwara, Naoshi Yamazaki, Noriaki Minakawa and Yoshiharu Takiguchi : 複数の改変U1 snRNAを用いた遺伝子発現抑制, 第23回アンチセンスシンポジウム, Nov. 2013.
163.	宮澤忠, 梅崎浩平, Noriko Saito-Tarashima, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Takashi Ooi and Noriaki Minakawa : 新規1, 2-ジチアンヌクレオシドの合成と性質, 第52回日本薬学会・薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会・中国四国支部学術大会, Oct. 2013.
164.	住友達弥, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : 2'-デオキシ-4'-セレノピリミジンヌクレオシドの合成, 第52回日本薬学会・薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会・中国四国支部学術大会, Oct. 2013.
165.	Noriko Saito-Tarashima and Noriaki Minakawa : 新規Im:Na塩基対のDNAポリメラーゼによる基質認識, 日本薬学会第133年会, Mar. 2013.
166.	Mai Arai, Yosuke Hashimoto, 斎藤陽太, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Tatsuhiro Ishida, Hiroshi Kiwada and Noriaki Minakawa : 新規ハイブリッド型修飾核酸の合成とアンチmiRNA活性の評価, 第133年会日本薬学会, Mar. 2013.
167.	Hirotaka Kira, Arisa Yamashita, Naoya Yamanaka, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Tetsuo Yamazaki, Tatsuhiro Ishida, Hiroshi Kiwada and Noriaki Minakawa : ケミカルツールを用いたsiRNA-タンパク質間の相互作用様式解明, 第133年会日本薬学会, Mar. 2013.
168.	宮澤忠, Kazuhiro Furukawa, Takashi Ooi and Noriaki Minakawa : 新規含硫ヌクレオシド誘導体の合成, 日本薬学会第133年会, Mar. 2013.
169.	林弘也, 谷池裕次, 菊池優作, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-セレノピリミジンヌクレオシド誘導体を含むオリゴマーの合成研究, 日本薬学会第133年会, Mar. 2013.
170.	樋口陽介, Kazuhiro Furukawa and Noriaki Minakawa : ImON:NaNO塩基対を両末端部に持つ環上DNAの合成研究, 日本薬学会第133年会, Mar. 2013.
171.	Akira Ama, Yuki Asakura, Noriaki Minakawa, Yoshiharu Takiguchi and Naoshi Yamazaki : 改変U1snRNAによる遺伝子発現抑制, 第51回日本薬学会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2012.
172.	林弘也, 谷池裕次, 菊地優作 and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-セレノリボヌクレオシドを含むオリゴマー合成の問題点と解決法, アンチセンス,遺伝子,デリバリーシンポジウム2012, Sep. 2012.
173.	樋口陽介 and Noriaki Minakawa : Huisgen反応を利用したImON:NaNO塩基対を含む環状DNAの合成研究, アンチセンス，遺伝子，デリバリーシンポジウム2012, Sep. 2012.
174.	Hirotaka Kira, Naoshi Yamazaki, Tatsuhiro Ishida, Hiroshi Kiwada and Noriaki Minakawa : ケミカルツールを利用したRNA干渉の発現機構解明, アンチセンス,遺伝子,デリバリーシンポジウム2012, Sep. 2012.
175.	Takamitsu Kojima, Yosuke Hashimoto, Tatsuhiro Ishida, Hiroshi Kiwada and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-チオDNAを利用した新規RNAi法の開発, バイオ関連化学シンポジウム, Sep. 2012.
176.	Hirotaka Kira, Naoto Moriyoshi, Tatsuhiro Ishida, Hiroshi Kiwada and Noriaki Minakawa : ケミカルツールを用いたRNA干渉発現の分子認識機構の解明, 日本薬学会第132年会, Mar. 2012.
177.	Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-チオDNAを用いたRNA創薬, 日本薬学会第132年会, Mar. 2012.
178.	菊地優作, Naoshi Yamazaki, Yoshiharu Takiguchi and Noriaki Minakawa : 2'-F-4'-チオヌクレオシドを含むキメラ型オリゴマーの合成と性質, 日本薬学会第132年会(札幌), Mar. 2012.
179.	Takamitsu Kojima, Naoto Moriyoshi, Naoshi Yamazaki, Tatsuhiro Ishida, Hiroshi Kiwada and Noriaki Minakawa : 4'-チオDNAを利用した遺伝子発現抑制法の開発, 日本薬学会第132年会, Mar. 2012.
180.	田良島典子 and Noriaki Minakawa : 新規Im:Na塩基対のDNAポリメラーゼによる基質認識, 第133年会日本薬学会, Mar. 2012.
181.	Hirotaka Kira, 井手志穂, 新井真衣, Naoto Moriyoshi, Tatsuhiro Ishida, Hiroshi Kiwada, 松田彰 and Noriaki Minakawa : RNA干渉機構解明のためのケミカルツールの合成とその応用, 日本薬学会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2011.
182.	梅﨑浩平, 塩村昌, 伊藤芳, 志津里芳一, 志津里芳一, Noriaki Minakawa and Takashi Ooi : 海洋性糸状菌Calonectria sp.の成分研究, 第50回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会(高松), Nov. 2011.
183.	中本正史, 塩村昌, 梅﨑浩平, 伊藤芳, 志津里芳一, Noriaki Minakawa and Takashi Ooi : 海洋性糸状菌Myrothecium sp.の成分研究, 第50回日本薬学会・日本薬剤師会・日本病院薬剤師会中国四国支部学術大会(高松), Nov. 2011.
184.	松本大貴 and Noriaki Minakawa : シュタウディンガー反応を基軸とした簡便なRNA精製法の開発, 日本薬学会中国四国支部学術大会, Nov. 2011.
185.	丸山豪斗, 紙谷浩之, Noriaki Minakawa and 松田彰 : 4′-thioDNA 修飾型ベクターからの遺伝子発現, 生体関連バイオ化学シンポジウム, Sep. 2011.
186.	谷池裕次 and Noriaki Minakawa : ヨードシルベンゼンを用いた4'-セレノリボヌクレオシドの効率的合成法の開発, 反応と合成の進歩シンポジウム, Sep. 2011.
187.	永井千里, 高橋真由美, 畠山浩人, Noriaki Minakawa, 松田彰 and 原島秀吉 : 持続型siRNA送達システムの構築, アンチセンス・遺伝子・デリバリーシンポジウム, Sep. 2011.
188.	小島孝充, 丸山豪斗, 田良島典子, Naoshi Yamazaki, Yoshiharu Takiguchi, 松田彰 and Noriaki Minakawa : PCRによる4'-チオDNAの合成, アンチセンス・遺伝子・デリバリーシンポジウム, Sep. 2011.
189.	松本大貴 and Noriaki Minakawa : シュタウディンガーライゲーションと光解離性保護基を組合せたRNAの簡便精製法の開発, 日本薬学会第132年会(札幌), Mar. 2011.
190.	松本大貴 and Noriaki Minakawa : シュタウディンガーライゲーションを利用した高純度RNAの簡便合成法の開発, 日本薬学会第131年会, Mar. 2011.
191.	谷池裕次 and Noriaki Minakawa : 超原子価ヨウ素を用いた4'-セレノリボヌクレオシドの効率的合成法の開発, 日本薬学会第131年会(口頭発表), Mar. 2011.
192.	徳田美幸, Daisuke Tsuji, 吉良太孝, 中村崇洋, Kazuma Okano, Noriaki Minakawa and Kouji Itou : 新規抗がん剤候補化合物探索を目指した構造活性相関研究, BMB2010(第33回日本分子生物学会年会・第83回日本生化学会大会合同大会), Dec. 2010.
193.	苫谷晃太, 松本大貴, 松田彰 and Noriaki Minakawa : 光解離性保護基を利用した高純度RNAの簡便合成法の開発, 第20回アンチセンスシンポジウム, Dec. 2010.
194.	丸山豪斗, 紙谷浩之, Noriaki Minakawa and 松田彰 : 4'-thioDNA修飾によるヌクレアーゼ抵抗性ベクターの開発, 第20回アンチセンスシンポジウム, Dec. 2010.
195.	丸山豪斗, 紙谷浩之, Noriaki Minakawa and 松田彰 : 4'-thioDNA修飾型ベクターの創製研究, 日本薬学会北海道支部第135例会, Nov. 2010.

Et cetera, Workshop:

1.	Naoshi Yamazaki, Makiko Shinomiya, Hironobu Ike, Yasuo Shinohara, Noriaki Minakawa, Kouji Itou and Yoshiharu Takiguchi : Use of modified U1 small nuclear RNA for improved formation of properly spliced mRNA encoding human cathepsin A from the gene having an IVS7 +3a>g mutation, FEBS Open Bio, Vol.8, No.Supplement 1, ShT.35-1, Jul. 2018.
2.	Noriaki Minakawa : 分子内にリン酸基を有する化合物を医薬品にするために-プロドラッグの概念と有機化学‐, 有機合成化学講習会, Nov. 2017.
3.	Noriaki Minakawa : Chemistry & Biology of 4'-thioDNA, Memorial seminor of international academic exchange between Dongguk Univ. & the Univ. of Tokushima, Dec. 2012.
4.	Noriaki Minakawa : 核酸医薬の現状と将来, プロセス化学東四国フォーラムセミナー, Sep. 2012.
5.	Noriaki Minakawa : 化学修飾DNAを利用するRNAi創薬の新展開, 第19回ファーマサイエンスフォーラム, Jul. 2012.
6.	H. Taniike and Noriaki Minakawa : Synthesis of 4-selenoribonucleosides using hypervalent iodine, The Second Decennial Meeting Between Seoul National University and The University of Tokushima, Dec. 2010.
7.	Noriaki Minakawa : Convenient RNA Synthesis Using a Phosphoramidite Possessing a Photocleavable Group, The Second Decennial Meeting Between Seoul National University and The University of Tokushima, Dec. 2010.

Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKEN Grants Database @ NII.ac.jp)

ウイルス感染症に対する次世代型創薬プラットホームの確立 (Project/Area Number: 24K02149 )
Development of antiviral chemical vaccine system by combining electricity and nanoparticles (Project/Area Number: 21K19912 )
Novel cell system developed by chemistry (Project/Area Number: 21K19052 )
Design and synthesis of nucleosides to develop antiviral agents and oligonucleotide therapeutics (Project/Area Number: 21K06459 )
ゲノム編集ツール臓器内直接送達システムによる生体内ダイレクトゲノム編集技術の開発 (Project/Area Number: 21H03797 )
Treatment and prevention of RNA virus infections based on 4'-thionucleic acid technology (Project/Area Number: 21H02606 )
Development of microRNA to eat: Nucleic acid as a supplement food (Project/Area Number: 19K22287 )
Development of photoresponsive DNA nanostructure to accerelate iRed based nucleic acid medicine (Project/Area Number: 18H02108 )
Development of innovative cancer treatment technology by enhancing intratumoral penetration and cellular uptake of nanoparticles by weak electric current (Project/Area Number: 17H03976 )
Use of modified U1 snRNA for rescue from exon skipping caused by 5' splice site mutation of human CTSA gene (Project/Area Number: 16K08235 )
Mechanisms of adipose tissue-specific expression and action of D-dopachrome tautomrase (Project/Area Number: 15K11040 )
Investigation of practical anticancer strategy based on chemically synthesized iRed/iPed (Project/Area Number: 15H04656 )
Study of immunological response to nucleic acid delivery system (Project/Area Number: 15H04639 )
ナノ核酸デバイスを用いた自然免疫応答発現機構の網羅的解析 (Project/Area Number: 26107713 )
Development of DDS system based on the intracellular enviroment responsive aptamers (Project/Area Number: 26630432 )
Development of anti-miRNA oligonucleotides with stable duplexes to control cardiac diseases. (Project/Area Number: 25293030 )
ケミカルデバイスを利用したｓｉＲＮＡによって誘起される分子反応の発現機構解明 (Project/Area Number: 24107518 )
Development of a novel RNAi medicine based on shRNA expression mini-plasmid (Project/Area Number: 24390027 )
Development of DNA based heavy metal ions removing membranes and nanowires-structures, properties, applications. (Project/Area Number: 24245037 )
Development of a novel approach toward nucleic acids-based therapeutics (Project/Area Number: 23659054 )
Synthesis and properties of 4'-selenoRNA based on biological equivalence (Project/Area Number: 20611001 )
DNA・mRNAの細胞内高感度可視化情報に基づく高性能人工遺伝子べクターの創製 (Project/Area Number: 19021003 )
Development of chemical tools for nucleic acide-proteim interactions and its utility for siRNA medicine (Project/Area Number: 18510180 )
Development of multifunctional envelope-type nano device encapsulating highly nuclease resistant oligonucleotides (Project/Area Number: 18109001 )
4'-thioRNAによるRNA干渉の基礎研究とがん遺伝子への展開 (Project/Area Number: 16023209 )
In vitro selection of functional RNAs using 4'-thioNTP (Project/Area Number: 15510169 )
Basic Studies of Molecular Recognition by 4'-Thionucleic acids (Project/Area Number: 15209003 )
4'-thioRNAによるRNA干渉の基礎研究とがん遺伝子治療への展開 (Project/Area Number: 15025203 )
Pd触媒を用いた新規環状2本鎖DNAの合成と機能性デコイ分子の創製 (Project/Area Number: 13771321 )
核酸の立体配座固定のための新手法の開発と応用 (Project/Area Number: 10780348 )
リンパ節転移がんに有効な制がん剤ドラッグデリバリーシステムの開発 (Project/Area Number: 10153205 )
万能型水素結合能を持つ三環性イミダゾピリドピリミジンヌクレオシドの合成と性質 (Project/Area Number: 07780488 )
リンパ節転移がんに対する化学療法剤の開発 (Project/Area Number: 07274201 )
新規抗腫瘍性ヌクレオシドDMDCおよびCNDACの作用機序の解明 (Project/Area Number: 04152006 )
DNA鎖自己切断能をもつヌクレオシド系自殺基質の設計 (Project/Area Number: 02262201 )
逆転写酵素阻害を基本戦略とする抗HIV剤の開発研究 (Project/Area Number: 02235202 )
Developmental Studies of Nucleosidic Anti-RNA Virus Drugs (Project/Area Number: 01870091 )
逆転写酵素阻害を基本戦略とする抗HIV剤の開発研究 (Project/Area Number: 01653501 )
不合飽和官能基をもつヌクレオシドの制癌活性機序 (Project/Area Number: 01614501 )
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Professor : Minakawa, Noriaki

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Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKEN Grants Database @ NII.ac.jp)