A Study of Thomas Hardy, Thomas Hardy and Jun'ichiro Tanizaki (Thomas Hardy, time, consciousness, novels, comparative literature, Jun'ichiro Tanizaki, space) (A Study of Time Consciousness in the Works of Thomas Hardy A Comparative Study of Thomas Hardy and Jun'ichiro Tanizaki)
Book / Paper
Book:
1.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : 文藝禮讃―イデアとロゴス―, 大阪教育図書, Osaka, Mar. 2016.
Masaya Satoh, Yuri Takasuka, Daiki Matsu-ura, Yoshimi Takagi, Masaki Tomitsuka, Ryuji Yorioka and Takayoshi Miyazaki : Hachisuka Mochiaki's Overseas Achievements, Regional Science Research, the University of Tokushima, Vol.10, 1-24, 2020.
(Summary)
Hachisuka Mochiaki (1846-1918) was the last lord of the Awa (Tokushima) domain, and he became a successful businessman and a statesman after the Meiji Restoration. He went to the UK to study when he was 25 years old, and stayed there for seven years, during which he graduated from college at the Balliol College, University of Oxford. Three years after returning to Japan, he was appointed to an envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of Japan in France (also serving as a minister in Spain, Portugal, Switzerland and Belgium) and he stayed in Paris three years. Despite ten years of foreign life, little has been known about his overseas activities. In this study, we investigated his overseas activities using digital archives of European libraries, and could find information from British Newspaper Archive, Welsh Newspaper Online, and Gallica. He began to attend public events in the UK after graduating from the Oxford University. He received in an audience by Queen Victoria and the Prince of Wales in 1877 and 1878, and attended to parties hosted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He also participated in the launching ceremony of three Japanese warships Kongo, Fuso, and Hiei in 1877. He worked variously as a diplomat in Paris during 1884-1886. He signed three treaties, the Geneva Convention, the treaty on remittance by postal money order, and the International Meter Convention. Conpared with signing the Geneva Convention remaining two have not received much attention so far. In this study we found that he encouraged the Japanese government to join the International Meter Convention and negotiated with the Comité International des Poids et Mesures many times. He organized Japanese exhibition at a museum to introduce Japanese culture to Parisians, and he contributed to the academic exchange between France and Japan with the Geographical Society. And he and his wife Yoriko participated in many social events, and they held parties, concerts and theaters in Paris and Brussels. Several French newspapers mentioned elegant behavior of his wife Yoriko at those parties. And He focused on politics and business after returning to Japan, but also worked to promote exchange with foreign countries. In particular, he established the Welcome Society, which was the first organization in Japan for attracting and accommodating foreign tourists, with other of founders, and became the chairman of the organization. His abundant overseas experience and wide-ranging personal connections helped to establish this association.
Masaya Satoh, Yoshimi Takagi, Eisaku Ishikawa and Takayoshi Miyazaki : Wenceslau de Moraes's Proficiency of Japanese Language, --- His Speaking Ability and Personality ---, Regional Science Research, the University of Tokushima, Vol.8, 8-26, 2018.
(Summary)
A Portuguese writer Wenceslau de Moraes spent his later life in Japan since 1897; he never left Japan until 1929 when he died. It is said that his speaking ability of Japanese language was not good although he lived in Japan more than thirty years. In this study, we investigated his speaking ability of Japanese based on the written memories of those who had direct discourse with him. The records of his speech were limited to the memories of his neighbors, a Buddhist nun who regularly came to his house, and a newspaper reporter from Osaka who interviewed him. Except for the words of affirmation or denial, the word that appeared most frequently in his speech was "kawaisou'' or ``kinodoku'' that means ``pity'' (``piedade'' in Portuguese). ``Piedade'' is the important key word of his masterpiece Ó-Yoné e Ko-Haru. In the preface to the book he quoted the sentence ``A litteratura do futuro será a Litteratura da piedade'' from Pierre Loti's work, and he wrote Ó-Yoné e Ko-Haru as a literature of pity. Therefore, his deep sympathy for vulnerable and oppressed existence was the propensity of his character shown in both his works and his real life. ``Kawaii / kawairashii'' (lovely) and ``shinsetsu'' (kind) are also the words he used frequently in his conversation with his neighbors. As for the grammar of Japanese language, Moraes did not seem to have mastered postpositional particles and conjugation of verbs. Two persons referred to his speaking ability of Japanese as follows: a newspaper reporter who interviewed Moraes wrote that ``he speaks in simple Japanese'' in his article, and a pastor who sometimes visited Moraes's house said that ``his Japanese was not good, but he spoke familiar Japanese slowly''. The reason why Moraes's Japanese did not improve is said that he did not want to associate with intellectual people here in Tokushima. On the other hand, he greeted familiarly and often exchanged gifts with his neighbors. He pointed out that Japanese people is a pleasant neighbor in his work Relance da Alma Japoneza, and he also tried to be a good neighbor to those he knew as well. There would have been no need for a formal and complicated conversation for him for that purpose.
(Keyword)
Wenceslau de Moraes / Pierre Loti / Proficiency in Japanese language / speaking ability of Japanese / piedade
(Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 112466)
3.
Masaya Satoh, Yusuke Yasuda, Kazumasa Matoba, Akinori Maetaka, Siqingaowa Bao, Yuka Hirashima, Asuka Nakajima, Masahiro Sakata, Jun Kurochi, Zhehao Han, Yousuke Endo, Motohiro Sakai and Takayoshi Miyazaki : Landscape Architecture of Tokushima Central Park, --- Comparison with Hibiya Park and Seifersdorf Castle ---, Regional Science Research, the University of Tokushima, Vol.2, 42-54, 2012.
(Summary)
Tokushima Park (originally named Tokushima Central Park) is the Japan's second western-style park that was opened in 1906. We investigated landscape architecture of Tokushima Park based on a blueprint made in 1905 to understand its purpose and function of the park, and compared with Hibiya Park that is the Japan's first western-style park. Tokushima Park consisted of five areas. The central area included Mt. Shiroyama (Castle Mountain), and primeval forest was protected without allowing to make a big building within the area. A commercial museum, an athletic field, and a botanical garden and a library were placed in the southern, western and eastern areas respectively, so that each area was designed to exhibit each function. Tokushima Park and Hibiya Park were designed by the same two persons Seiroku Honda and Takanori Hongo. The two parks were equipped with a wide road, an athletic field, a botanical garden and so on, and these facilities were adopted to the park made since them. Because Seiroku Honda adopted three design drawings of German parks from the book Gärtnerisches Planzeichnen into a blueprint of Hibiya Park, we investigated the book to ascertain whether any design drawing was also used in Tokushima Park. We found that Seifersdorf Castle, the castle of count Brühl that was built at Seifersdorf in Germany in 13th century, is similar to the southern area of Tokushima Park.
(Keyword)
Tokushima Park / Tokushima Central Park / Hibiya Park / landscape architecture / Seiroku Honda / Gärtnerisches Planzeichnen / Seifersdorf Castle / Max Bertram
Masaya Satoh, Kaori Ikebata, Kentaro Ukita, Yan Wang, Mina Oawa, Kei-ichiro Kagota, Jun Kato, Yusuke Kinoshita, Sayo Sugimoto, Masahiro Takahashi, Takahiro Tajima, Katsuya Harada, Takahiro Fukumoto, Masahiro Fujinaga, Aya Fujimoto, Masako Mitsunaga, Yuika Watanabe, Motohiro Sakai and Takayoshi Miyazaki : Nature and landscape of Mt. Bizan based on ``Awa meisho zue'', Regional Science Research, the University of Tokushima, Vol.1, No.0, 15-27, 2012.
(Summary)
In this paper the nature and the landscape of the Mt. Bizan are investigated based on ``Awa meisho zue'' which was a guidebook of Awa (Tokushima) published about 200 years ago. In the picture entitled ``Mt. Bizan'' a tower at the Jimyoin Temple and two buildings are drawn in the mountain. The mountain is covered with pine trees, and there is a waterfall near the tower. Besides pine trees, three types of trees, Japanese cedar and/or Japanese cypress, trees that presumably cherry, and unknown broadleaf trees are drawn in Mt. Otakiyama that is a part of Mt. Bizan based on the picture entitled ``Otakisan Jimyoin''. Other historical records in Edo era coincide with the composition of plant species in Mt. Bizan. Though the vegetation of Mt. Bizan was defended by laws throughout Edo era, it was deforested and the mountain became bald after the Meiji Restoration. Afterwards, it was protected by specifying it as the protection forest and by making it as a park. Now, pine trees and Japanese cedar and/or Japanese cypress have almost been lost, and pasania and live oak are well growing in the mountain. The tower at Jimyoin was burned down by the air raid in the World War II, and the waterfall has thinned. On the other hand, mountain trails and a ropeway were made, and a lot of buildings were built at the top of the mountain. Thus, the nature and the landscape of Mt. Bizan greatly changed in 200 years. However, citizens are still familiar with it as the symbol of Tokushima City.
Thomas Hardy / Two on a Tower / Time / Trick / time consciousness / a congenial channel
6.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : Dual Self in The Mayor of Casterbridge, 英語英文學研究, Vol.42, 33-44, 1998.
(Summary)
本論文は，HardyのThe Mayor of Casterbridgeについて，厭うべき過去を振り捨て新たに生まれ変わって町長にまで栄達した主人公の凋落の過程には，常に現在の自分に過去の自分の姿が重なり合うことによって，他者との関係に自己分裂を引き起こさざるを得ないことが関わっているのではないかと考察した．二つの自分の姿によって他者との関係が生まれ，同時に他者との関係が瓦解してゆくことによって，主人公は人間存在というものの孤独な姿を凝視し，Hardyはそれを冷徹に描き出しているのではないかと論じた．
(Keyword)
Thomas Hardy / The Mayor of Casterbridge / time / space / duality / past / present
7.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : Desperate Remedies as an Origin of Creation, The Bulletin of the Thomas Hardy Society of Japan, No.23, 26-38, 1997.
Thomas Hardy / The Well-Beloved / closed space / paradise / time consciousness / space / time
10.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : On the Nostalgia and the Return in The Return of the Native, --- from the Viewpoint of the Longing for Paradise and the Time Consciousness ---, The Bulletin of the Thomas Hardy Society of Japan, No.15, 54-68, 1989.
(Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 113903)
2.
Takayoshi Miyazaki, Eisaku Ishikawa, Masaya Satoh and Motohiro Sakai : Moraes's Garden, --- (6)Moraes's Eyes: Tokushima Landscape through his Eyes ---, Regional Science Research, the University of Tokushima, Vol.6, No.0, 18-25, 2016.
(Summary)
This paper is part of the results from the social action activities financed by the Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, and Tokushima University, 2015. The activities are mainly focused on the reevaluation by public lectures and other exhibitions of Wenceslau de Moraes 1854-1929, a Portugal naval officer and consul general who lived and died in Tokushima. This is also part of the outcomes of the Project Studies by Moraes's Studies Group launched on July 31, 2010.The members of Moraes's Studies Group, T. Miyazaki (English Literature, Comparative Literature), E. Ishikawa (German Literature, Comparative Literature), M. Satoh (Plant Physiology), M. Sakai (Clinical Psychology), all at the Institute of Socio-Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, have been continuing to try to analyze Moraes's works and to approach new facets of Moraes's biographical aspects. Moraes was fascinated by the far-east Japan and fell in love with Ó-Yoné, who died soon after the marriage. After her death, Moraes decided to live in Tokushima, which was Ó-Yoné's hometown. He lived with Ko-Haru, Ó-Yoné's niece, for a while until she died from tuberculosis at the age of 21. His life until his death in Tokushima was a kind of a hermit, disregard of his fame as Consul General and Navy high-rank Officer of Portugal, and other financial merits entailed with them. Moraes published O ‟Bon-odori„ em Tokushima in 1916 after Ó-Yoné died, and Ó-Yoné é Ko-haru afterwards. In both works Moraes depicted Tokushima landscape and everyday things in general which his eyes caught through his keen sensitivity. He worshipped Japan's unique beautiful landscape, but he was disappointed at the rapidly westernized aspects of large cities like Kobe, Osaka and Tokyo. He had been, in a sense, allured and attracted by the old and beautiful landscape through the writings by his foregoing visitors to Japan. His choice of Tokushima as his residence for his remaining days might be considered to search for the old and traditional beautiful aspects of Japan that seemed to him to be remaining in a local city like Tokushima far away from the large cities. Moraes's sense of beauty through his eyes to Tokushima landscape may lead us Japanese to consider our identity in this now globalized society.
(Keyword)
Moraes / Bon-odori in Tokushima / Tokushima Landscape / studies of Moraes / landscape
Takayoshi Miyazaki : Hardy's Sense of Humour Humour in `What the Shepherd Saw', Journal of Language and Literature, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.24, 23-38, 2016.
(Summary)
`What the Shepherd Saw' (1881) in A Changed Man, The Waiting Supper and Other Tales (1913) by Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) is kind of a Christmas story like Charles Dickens's well-known Christmas stories. This story is certainly a weird one about a scary murder committed and witnessed on some part of Wessex downs. With well-constructed structure and calculated foreshadowing, this story is an excellent one in terms of narrative techniques. Furthermore, this story contains some kind of humour in the tense scenes. Hardy is still now regarded rather fixedly as a writer of tragic and pessimistic novels, stories and poems. This conventional image of Hardy is put in doubt if we read this story carefully. Hardy started writing novels with an acute critical eye on the society of class consciousness and on Christian religion; therefore, his works are in a sense full of satirical and ironical treatment of the then society and its system, and the religious state of mind of the people at that time. One of his earliest novels, however, Under the Greenwood Tree (1872), whose title is from the song in the Wood of Arden in Shakespeare's comedy As You Like It (1599), is a pastoral novel with some tint of pathos and humour. Hardy was as an ambitious writer with a keen consciousness of narrative techniques and seems to have tried every mode of narratives including humour, which element is as it were an undercurrent even in the most tragic novels like Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891) and Jude the Obscure (1896). Focusing on Hardy's sense of humour might lead us to be aware of the hidden quality of humour in his novels and stories, and would contribute to a reevaluation of his writings in general. In this paper, `What the Shepherd Saw' is discussed and analyzed from the point of Hardy's sense of humour and narrative techniques with the attention to linguistic characteristics in the story.
(Keyword)
What the Shepherd Saw / short story / narrative technique / psychological descriptions / humour
Takayoshi Miyazaki : Moraes and the Novel Koshu --Saudade--, --- A Possibility of New Aspect of Moraes ---, Journal of University Extension, Vol.25, No.0, 29-41, 2016.
(Summary)
This essay is based on my public lecture delivered at Tokushima Kenritsu Bungakushodokan on 21, November, 2015. Wenceslau de Moraes (1854-1928), a Portuguese, lived for sixteen years and died in Tokushima. His O "Bon-odori" em Tokushima well depicts Tokushima and its common people 100 years ago through his loving eyes. In 2012 a novel named Koshu-Saudade- was written and published by Masahiko Fujiwara, a mathematician and essayist, taking over his father's work Jiro Nitta, a meteorologist and novelist, who died before finishing the novel. It is a rare case in the point that father and his son wrote and finished the novel. There are some unique features in this novel as it is qritten by them two. Also this fiction based on biographical evidences seems to open a new aspect of Moraes in terms of the relationship between father and son.
(Keyword)
Moraes / Studies of Moraes / Tokushima / Globalism / Cross Cultural Studies / novel / Koshu
Takayoshi Miyazaki, Eisaku Ishikawa, Masaya Satoh and Motohiro Sakai : Moraes's Garden, --- (5) Writings in the Time and the 5th National Industrial Exhibition ---, Regional Science Research, the University of Tokushima, Vol.5, No.0, 33-41, 2015.
(Summary)
This paper and report is based on the oral presentation delivered on 29th, November 2014, as part of Symposium `Moraes in Kobe and Tokushima' held at the Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, in Tokushima. This is also part of the outcomes of the Project Studies by the activities in 2014 of Moraes's Studies Group launched on July 31, 2010. The members of Moraes's Studies Group, T. Miyazaki (English Literature, Comparative Literature), E. Ishikawa (German Literature, Comparative Literature), M. Satoh (Plant Physiology), M. Sakai (Clinical Psychology), all at the Institute of Socio-Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, have been continuing to try to analyze Moraes's works and to explore new facets of Moraes's biographical facts. Moraes was fascinated by the far-east Japan and fell in love with Ó-Yoné, who died young at the age of 39 in Kobe. After her death, Moraes decided to leave Kobe and live in Tokushima, which was Ó-Yoné's hometown. He lived with Ko-Haru, Ó-Yoné's niece, for a while until she died from tuberculosis at the age of 21. He led his life until his death in Tokushima for 16 years as a kind of hermit, neglecting his fame as the Consul General and Navy high-rank Officer of Portugal, and other financial merits entailed with the post. Though Moraes is often regarded as a kind of hermit in Tokushima, we should pay more attention to and reevaluate his aspect of a diplomat and consul in Kobe days before coming to Tokushima. He was a very able diplomat and consul, and once actively involved with the 5th National Industrial Exhibition held in 1903. In Tokushima he wrote and published O Bon-odori em Tokushima and afterwards Ó-Yoné e Ko-haru. These works might be regarded as based on the forms of diary and essay, seemingly as reports from Tokushima to Bento Carqueja, editor of Comércio do Porto (Porto Commercial Newspaper) in Portugal. Concerning these works as such there seems to be an undercurrent of the image of garden, or paradise, which is strongly connected with the Exhibition he was concerned. In this paper, a tentative reevaluation of his works in Tokushima and the undercurrent of the image of garden related with the 5th National Industrial Exhibition he was involved with in Kobe days.
(Keyword)
Moraes / Bon-odori in Tokushima / Oyone and Koharu / studies of Moraes / Romanticism / Garden / Exhibition
Takayoshi Miyazaki : Hardy's Humour : Linguistic Characteristics in `The Distracted Preacher' (2), Journal of Language and Literature, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.23, 1-15, 2015.
(Summary)
This paper is the sequel to the former one, ``Hardy's Humour Linguistic Characteristics in `The Distracted Preacher'(1) .'' `The Distracted Preacher' (1879) in Wessex Tales (1888) by Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) is quite an interesting `long short story' in terms of humour and narrative techniques. This story was welcomed as `capital trifle, light and amusing' and `irresistibly comic' when published. Hardy is still now regarded rather fixedly as a writer of tragic and pessimistic novels, stories and poems. This conventional image of Hardy is at once blown away if we read this comical story. Hardy started writing novels with an acute critical eye on the society of class consciousness, and, therefore, his works are in a sense full of satirical and ironical treatment of the then society and its system. One of his earliest novels, however, Under the Greenwood Tree (1872), whose title is from the song in the Wood of Arden in Shakespeare's comedy As You Like It (1599), is a pastoral novel with tint of pathos and humour. Hardy was as an ambitious writer with keen consciousness of narrative techniques and seems to have tried every mode of narrative including humour, which element is as it were an undercurrent even in tragic novels like Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891) and Jude the Obscure (1896). Focusing on Hardy's humour might have the possibility of changing the quality of his novels and stories, and would contribute to a reevaluation of his writings in general. In this paper, `The Distracted Preacher' is discussed and analyzed from the point of humour and narrative technique with the attention to linguistic characteristics in the story.
(Keyword)
The Distracted Preacher / short story / narrative technique / psychological descriptions / humour
Takayoshi Miyazaki : Moraes's 'Tokushima', --- On Globalism ---, Journal of University Extension, Vol.24, 31-42, 2015.
(Summary)
Wenceslau de Moraes (1854-1928), a Portuguese, lived for sixteen years and died in Tokushima. His O ``Bon-odori'' em Tokushima well depicts Tokushima and its common people 100 years ago through his loving eyes. It is most miraculous that Tokushima, a rural town and not a large city like Kobe or Osaka, was introduced to Portugal and even to Europe 100 years ago by a Portuguese. How he saw Tokushima and its people, living as a plain people not as a high rank maritime officer and afterwards a diplomat and consul in Kobe, is quite helpful to us living in a complicated modern `globalized' world.
(Keyword)
Moraes / Studies of Moraes / Tokushima / Globalism / Cross Cultural Studies
Takayoshi Miyazaki, Eisaku Ishikawa, Masaya Satoh and Motohiro Sakai : Moraes's Garden, --- (4) Looking to Life, and Looking to Death ---, Regional Science Research, the University of Tokushima, Vol.4, No.0, 53-63, 2014.
(Summary)
This paper is an essay on Moraes's O Bon-odori em Tokushima and Ó-Yoné e Ko-haru, part of the outcomes of the Project Studies by the activities in 2013 of Moraes's Studies Group launched in July 31, 2010. The members of Moraes's Studies Group, T. Miyazaki (English Literature, Comparative Literature), E. Ishikawa (German Literature, Comparative Literature), M. Satoh (Plant Physiology), M. Sakai (Clinical Psychology), all at the Institute of Socio-Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, have been continuing to try to analyze Moraes's works and to approach new facets of Moraes's biographical aspects. Moraes was fascinated by the far-east Japan, and fell in love with Ó-Yoné, who died soon after the marriage. After her death Moraes decided to live in Tokushima, which was Ó-Yoné's hometown. He lived with Ko-Haru, Ó-Yoné's niece, for a while until she died from tuberculosis at the age of 21. His life until his death in Tokushima was a kind of hermit, disregard of his fame as Consul General and Navy high-rank Officer of Portugal, and other financial merits entailed with them. Moraes published O Bon-odori em Tokushima in 1916 after Ó-Yoné died, and Ó-Yoné e Ko-haru afterwards. This work might be regarded as based on the forms of diary and essay, seemingly as reports from Tokushima to Bento Carqueja, editor of Comércio do Porto (Porto Commercial Newspaper) in Portugal. He consistently wrote these installment reports from Tokushima in the eyes of a stranger, putting some distance between him and the people in there. Everything seen in the eyes of Moraes wore some beautiful visional aspect because of his memory of Ó-Yoné. He expressed his thoughts on life and death throughout O Bon-odori em Tokushima and Ó-Yoné e Ko-haru with fragmentary memories of his own as objective correlatives for the readers of his writings. This paper is based on the presentation in the Symposium at the 49th Annual Conference of Japan Comparative Literature Association Kansai Branch held at the Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, here in Tokushima.
(Keyword)
Moraes / form of diary / form of essay / studies of Moraes / Tokushima / looking to life / looking to death
Takayoshi Miyazaki : Hardy's Humour : Linguistic Characteristics in `The Distracted Preacher' (1), Journal of Language and Literature, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.22, 1-17, 2014.
(Summary)
`The Distracted Preacher' (1879) in Wessex Tales (1888) by Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) is quite an interesting `long short story' in terms of humour and narrative techniques. This story was received as `capital trifle, light and amusing' and `irresistibly comic' when published. Hardy is still now regarded rather fixedly as a writer of tragic and pessimistic novels, stories and poems. This conventional image of Hardy is at once blown away if we read this comical story. Hardy started writing novels with an acute critical eye on the society of class-consciousness, and therefore his works are in a sense full of satirical and ironical treatment of the then society and its system. One of his earliest novels, however, Under the Greenwood Tree (1872), whose title is from the song in the Wood of Arden in Shakespeare's comedy As You Like It (1599), is a pastoral novel with a tint of pathos and humour. Hardy was an ambitious writer with keen consciousness of narrative techniques and seems to have tried every mode of narrative including humour, which element is as it were an undercurrent even in tragic novels like Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891) and Jude the Obscure (1896).13; Focusing on Hardy's humour might have the possibility of changing the quality of his novels and stories, and would contribute to reevaluation of his writings in general. In this paper `The Distracted Preacher' is discussed and analyzed from the point of humour and narrative technique with the attention to linguistic characteristics in the story.
(Keyword)
The Distracted Preacher / short story / narrative technique / psychological descriptions / humour
Masaya Satoh, Takiko Okamura, Motohiro Sakai, Eisaku Ishikawa and Takayoshi Miyazaki : Moraess tomb, funeral, and rooms reported in the January 1930 issue of the Portuguese popular magazine CIVILIZAÇÃO, Regional Science Research, the University of Tokushima, Vol.4, 68-79, 2014.
(Summary)
Portuguese popular magazine ``CIVILIZAÇÃO'' published an article of the tomb, funeral, and rooms of Wenceslau de Moraes in the January 1930 issue after about half a year when he died at his house in Tokushima on July 1, 1929. This article has not been introduced to Japan. Even though it is short, we can understand high evaluation of him in Portugal. Furthermore, it contains seven photos; four of them have not been published in any Japanese documents. These photos, three are of his rooms and one is taken at the funeral, tell us Moraes's life vividly with new findings about his belongings and acquaintanceship.
Takayoshi Miyazaki, Masaya Satoh and Motohiro Sakai : Moraes's Garden, --- (3) In the Eyes of a Stranger ---, Regional Science Research, the University of Tokushima, Vol.3, No.0, 143-150, 2013.
(Summary)
This paper is an essay on Moraes's O Bon-odori em Tokushima, part of the outcomes of the Project Studies by the activities in 2012 of Moraes's Studies Group launched in July 31, 2010. The members of Moraes's Studies Group, T. Miyazaki (English Literature), M. Satoh (Plant Physiology), M. Sakai (Clinical Psychology), all at the Institute of Socio-Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, have been continuing to try to analyze Moraes's works and to approach a new facet of Moraes's biographical aspects. Moraes was fascinated by the far-east Japan, and fell in love with Ó-Yoné, who died soon after the marriage. After her death Moraes decided to live in Tokushima, which was Ó-Yoné's hometown. He lived with Ko-Haru, Ó-Yoné's niece, for a while until she died from tuberculosis at the age of 23. His life until his death in Tokushima was a kind of hermit, disregard of his fame as Consul General and Navy high-rank Officer of Portugal, and other financial merits entailed with them. Moraes published O Bon-odori em Tokushima in 1916 after O-Yoné died. This work might be regarded as based on the forms of diary and essay, seemingly as reports from Tokushima to Bento Carqueja, editor of Comércio do Porto (Porto Commercial Newspaper) in Portugal. He consistently wrote these installment reports from Tokushima in the eyes of a stranger, putting some distance between him and the people in there. Everything seen in the eyes of Moraes wore some beautiful visional aspect because of his memory of Ó-Yoné. He expressed his distress at the attitudes of Tokushima people at some sections in this book; that is, he was seen as a`ke-tojin,'an alien. This discrepancy and distancing from the people among whom he lived as a hermit, he seemed to see the deep gap between him and the people he loved, leading to the pathetic outcry at the final part of his letters to Bento Carqueja, the editor. This tentative paper intends to open a new perspective in a rather fixed image of Moraes and studies about him.
(Keyword)
Moraes / form of diary / form of essay / studies of Moraes / Tokushima
Takayoshi Miyazaki : The Narrator and the Narrative Technique of `A Changed Man', Journal of Language and Literature, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.21, 23-36, 2013.
(Summary)
`A Changed Man' (1913) by Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) is an interesting short story in terms of narrative techniques. A supposed omniscient narrator who illogically avoids the responsibility of telling the whole truth throughout the story by asserting that `the man in the oriel' solely gives all the facts tells this story. As a handy-capped man who cannot go out without a wheelchair, this man gets familiarized with the episodes prevalent in the small town in a very limited way through the talk with his friends. Through the eyes of `the man in the oriel' as a point-of-view person, we readers `see' the places whereon the drama between Laura and Captain Maumbry is played. With the fragmented information given by the omniscient narrator along with `the man in the oriel' who naturally enough acquires the information about Laura and Captain Maumbry from his friends, we are supposed to get together the fragments of information and reconstruct the whole aspect of the drama. This unique method seems to approach in a sense the modernity method in the twentieth century fiction. Along with this uniqueness of narrative, the sensationalistic climax in the story leads us readers to the ambivalence of `changed' in the title `A Changed Man'; that is, `a changed man' could be `a man who has changed,' or `a man who has been changed,' or even `a man who has changed others.' This ambiguity seems to deepen and widen the construing of this story. These techniques may be anticipating some aspect of the modernity novel in the 20th century. In this paper some aspects of modernity in `A Changed Man' are discussed in relation with the narrative techniques.
(Keyword)
A Changed Man / short story / narrative technique / psychological descriptions
Masaya Satoh, Yoshimi Takagi, Eisaku Ishikawa, Motohiro Sakai and Takayoshi Miyazaki : Three Books of Moraess Picture Postcards Living Areas, Tourist Resorts, and Religious Piety, Regional Science Research, the University of Tokushima, Vol.3, 128-139, 2013.
(Summary)
Portuguese writer Wenceslau de Moraes sent a large amount of picture postcards to Portugal from Japan. 609 of them were donated to Tokushima city in 1989, and they are stored in the Moraes Museum located at the summit of Mt. Bizan. They were published as Moraes no Ehagaki-shokan and Moraes Ehagaki-shu I - IV respectively in 1994 and 2004, in Japan. Independent from the collection in Tokushima, a book of picture postcard-collection entitled "Permanências e Errâncias no Japão" was published from Fundação Oriente in 2004 in Portugal. In this paper, we characterized these books and summarized the data of the picture postcards concerning his living areas and tourist resorts where he visited. He was outing vigorously to famous temples, shrines, and tourist resorts in holiday while he lived in Kobe. However, such opportunity extremely reduced after he moved to Tokushima when he started a cloistered life. Although Buddhism gave a significant impact on his religious piety, that is able to be understood from his writings, his feeling to Shinto has been obscured. However, some picture postcards revealed his attraction to Shinto. There is a Moraess photo that was taken at a waterfall when he lived in Kobe. The place is often explained as Nunobiki-no-taki (Kobe Nunobiki Waterfall), but we found that the it was the Tsutsumi-ga-taki at Arima, now it is called Tsuzumigataki Waterfall in the Tsuzumigataki Park in Arima, Kobe.
(Keyword)
Moraes Ehagaki-shu / Moraes no Ehagaki-shokan / Moraess Studies / Permanências e Errâncias no Japão / Wenceslau de Moraes
Takayoshi Miyazaki, Masaya Satoh and Motohiro Sakai : Moraes's Garden, --- (2) Change in the Quality of 'Essay' ---, Regional Science Research, the University of Tokushima, Vol.2, No.0, 84-90, 2012.
(Summary)
This paper is an essay on Moraes's Tokushima no Bon-odori, part of the outcomes of the Project Studies by the activities in 2011 of Moraes's Studies Group launched in July 31, 2010. The members of Moraes's Studies Group, T. Miyazaki (English Literature), M. Satoh (Plant Physiology), M. Sakai (Clinical Psychology), all at the Institute of Socio-Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, have been continuing to try to analyze Moraes's works and to approach a new facet of Moraes's biographical aspects. Moraes was fascinated by the far-east Japan, and fell in love with Oyoné, who died soon after the marriage. After her death Moraes decided to live in Tokushima, which was Oyoné's hometown. He lived with Koharu, Oyoné's niece, for a while until she died from tuberculosis at the age of 23. His life until his death in Tokushima was a kind of hermit, disregard of his fame as Consul General and Navy high-rank Officer of Portugal, and other financial merits entailed with them. Moraes published Tokushima no Bon-odori in 1913 after Oyoné died. This work might be regarded as based on the forms of diary and essay, seemingly as reports from Tokushima to Bento Carqueja, editor of Porto Commercial Newspaper in Portugal. His interest in Kino Tsurayuki's Tosa-Nikki (Tosa Diary), which was written in the persona of a woman, seems to be the key to understand the modification in the quality of Tokushima no Bon-odori. Though this work was written as a diary and an essay in the persona of alien people to Tokushima, the tone of this work was quite changed at the final part of his letters to Bento Carqueja, the editor. This tentative paper intends to open a new perspective in a rather fixed image of Moraes and studies about him.
(Keyword)
Moraes / form of diary / form of essay / studies of Moraes / Tokushima
Masaya Satoh, Motohiro Sakai and Takayoshi Miyazaki : The Firefly Which Wenceslau De Moraes Saw, Regional Science Research, the University of Tokushima, Vol.2, 55-60, 2012.
(Summary)
A Portuguese writer, Wenceslau de Moraes (1854-1929), who lived in Tokushima 1913-1929, wrote the essay ``Será Ó-Yoné... Será Ko-Haru?...'' in June, 1918. In this essay there is a scene in which Moraes heard some children singing an old song of firefly-catching popular among people here in Tokushima in those days. He heard and wrote down the word ``tané-mushi'' in the song, and he seemed to have thought this word meant a firefly. However, it must have been his misunderstanding of ``ta-no-mushi'' which is found in an old children's song handed down in Tokushima district. The word ``ta-no-mushi'' means an insect of a rice field, indicating a kind of firefly, Luciola lateralis. In the essay, Moraes wrote that just after hearing the children's song, he saw a firefly in front of his house that was located near Mt. Bizan, and the firefly helped him find the keyhole to open the door of his house by its illumination. Today four species of firefly are found to live in Mt. Bizan: Luciola cruciata, L. lateralis, Lucidina biplagiata and Pyrocoelia disciollis. According to the interviews with some of the elder people in this area, and taking into consideration of the habits of the four firefly species, L. cruciata seems to be the most probable species which Moraes saw in the essay.
(Keyword)
Wenceslau de Moraes / Será Ó-Yoné... Será Ko-Haru?... / firefly / old children's song / ta-no-mushi / Mt. Bizan
Takayoshi Miyazaki : On the Narrative Technique of 'The Romantic Adventures of a Milkmaid', Journal of Language and Literature, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.20, 1-14, 2012.
(Summary)
'The Romantic Adventures of a Milkmaid' by Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) is ahighly elaborated short story in terms of romantic ideology. It is abundant in what iscalled romantic imagery implicated by the wording of the title itself. The title suggeststhat this story evolves around the complicated 'adventures' that a milkmaid, MargeryTucker, experiences with the mysterious dark gentleman of 'romance.' Margery, 'Nature'sown image' in the eyes of the Baron, gives him a refreshing impression andrelieving effect at the critical moment of his trying to commit suicide.The Baron takes Margery to a ball held at a certain manor house during the night,which is her only hope as a reward of saving his life. This experience affects Margeryas it opens her mind to the upper class. This story is somehow overlapped by thatfamous fairytale, Cinderella. Though Margery enjoys the dreamlike ball with theBaron for the whole night long, she is brought back again to her position as a milkmaid.Her mind goes through a little change by this experience; once she saw andexperienced the world of the upper class, she cannot be satisfied with her betrothed,James Hayward, a village youth.Hardy adopts a traditional story-telling technique in writing this story, as is oftenthe case with him. The assumed omniscient narrator asserts that his story is basedupon the 'the testimony' of his 'authority for the particulars of this story.' The narratorfurthermore introduces in the narrative the testimonies by Margery and James asthey are supposed to confirm the seeming truth. This technique juxtaposes in a sensethe past and the present in the narrative, which may be anticipating some aspect of themodern novel in the 20th century.In this paper romantic imagery and some aspects of modernity in 'The RomanticAdventures of a Milkmaid' are discussed in relation with the narrative technique.
(Keyword)
The Romantic Adventures of a Milkmaid / short story / narrative technique / psychological descriptions / modernity
Takayoshi Miyazaki, Masaya Satoh and Motohiro Sakai : Moraes's Garden, --- (1) On the Forms of Diary and Essay ---, Regional Science Research, the University of Tokushima, Vol.1, No.0, 47-56, 2012.
(Keyword)
Moraes / form of diary / form of essay / studies of Moraes / Tokushima
Takayoshi Miyazaki : Goodwill in 'Old Mrs Chundle' -- Narrative Technique and Psychological Descriptions --, Journal of Language and Literature, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.19, 1-13, 2011.
(Summary)
`Old Mrs Chundle' by Thomas Hardy(1840-1928)was posthumously published in1929. Unlike other serious novels and short stories, this short story is unexpectdly andsurprisingly very comical in some of its climaxes. This comical aspect of many ofHardy's writings is perhaps a neglected one overshadowed by his other major tragic writings.In the story the new curate happens to know Old Mrs Chundle, who is hard of hearingand on this account has neglected to go to church for long years.She tells a lie to himthat she goes regularly to church for formality's sake. The curate later discovers her lieand tries hard to make this 'wicked' Old Mrs Chundle to come to his church. His ideasof setting up 'an ear-trumpet'and afterwards`a sound tube',especially for the sake ofOld Mrs Chundle, somehow moves her to attend church.His ordeal,however,during his his sermon caused by her fidgeting just under his pulpit and her stink breathings through thesound tube, discourages him to continue his sermon.His ordeal,the 'test' for the`discernment of actions as morally good, or indifferent', appears in the eyes of thepeople in the church as `miracle' or in fact a comedy.His goodwill heretofore for OldMrs Chundle quickly dwindles and he decidedly avoids meeting her.However hersudden death and her`will' full of her goodwill for him throws upon his soul a dark shadow.In this paper some ironic aspects of goodwill on both sides are discussed in relationwith narrative technique and psychological descriptions.
(Keyword)
Destiny and a Blue Cloak / short story / narrative technique / psychological descriptions
Takayoshi Miyazaki : Modes of Mismating (8): In the Case of 'Destiny and a Blue Cloak' --- Hankering for 'a Congenial Channel' ---, Journal of Language and Literature, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.18, 1-15, 2010.
(Summary)
`Destiny and a Blue Cloak' (1874) was almost disregarded byThomas Hardy himself and was not included among any of his collectionsof short stories in his lifetime. This fact has tended to discourage criticsto analyze the story in its potentiality. Hardy wrote this story just beforeThe Hand of Ethelberta (1876) and he put it away as dispensable，because some points were， Hardy wrote，reproduced in The Hand ofEthelberta. Certainly enough，as R. L. Purdy points out，Old FarmerLovill seems to be a rough sketch or a prototype for Lord Mountclere.The marriage between Agatha Pollin and him can be regarded to bedeveloped into the marriage between Ethelberta and Lord Mountclere.If we see this story along the development of Hardy's career as apopular novelist at that time，he seems to have tried his hand at a certainkind of comedy，which was to be performed in The Hand of Ethelberta asits sub-title `Comedy in Chapters' shows. Comical aspects of Hardy'sworks are to be minutely discussed in other papers hereafter，but this storyseems to show vividly the delicate ballance of the`more sober' aspect andthe comical one in his story writing. This ballance might be reflected inthe title `Destiny and a Blue Cloak' itself.In the story Agatha Pollin is mistaken for a renowned beauty in thevillage，Frances Lovill，by Oswald Winwood. Through this mistake `acongenial channel' is confirmed between Agatha and Oswald who isafterwards informed of his mistake. Their attempt for marriage is to beslyly checked by Frances Lovell，who is to get married to Agatha's uncle，Humphrey，and becoming her aunt conspires to revenge herself on thembehind the scene as a kind of `femme fatale' or`destiny.Agatha's desperate attempt to build `a congenial channel' withOswald is baffled by her rival Frances，now her aunt . Ironically enoughtheir rivalry becomes an obstacle for their attempt to make `a congenialchannel' with Oswald and leads them to mismating severally; Agatha withOld Farmer Lovill，and Frances with Agatha's uncle as his second wife.In this paper`Destiny and a Blue Cloak' is analyzed from theviewpoint of the theme of hankering for `a congenial channel，' as part ofseries of studies of Thomas Hardy's short stories.
(Keyword)
Destiny and a Blue Cloak / short story / a congenial channel / narrative technique
Takayoshi Miyazaki : Modes of Mismating (7): In the Case of 'The History of The Hardcomes', --- Hankering for 'a Congenial Channel' ---, Journal of Language and Literature, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.16, 1-17, 2008.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : Modes of Mismating (6): In the Case of "The First Countess of Wessex", --- Hankering for 'a Congenial Channel' ---, Journal of Language and Literature, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.15, 1-14, 2007.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : Hardy's The Well-Beloved and Tanizaki's Chijin no Ai, --- From the Viewpoint of Platonic Idealism ---, Journal of Language and Literature, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.14, 1-16, 2006.
(Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 494)
23.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : Modes of Mismating (5): In the Case of "The Fiddler of the Reels", --- Hankering for 'a Congenial Channel' ---, Journal of Language and Literature, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.13, 1-18, 2005.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : Disfigurement and the Loss of 'a Congenial Channel', --- The withered Arm ---, Journal of Language and Literature, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.12, 17-27, 2005.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : Modes of Mismating (4): In the Case of "For conscience' Sake", --- Hankering for 'a Congenial Channel' ---, Journal of Language and Literature, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.11, 59-68, 2004.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : Modes of Mismating (3): In the Case of "On the Western Circuit", --- Hankering for 'a Congenial Channel' ---, Journal of Language and Literature, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.10, No.0, 71-85, 2003.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : Modes of Mismating (2): In the Case of "The Son's Veto", --- Hankering for 'a Congenial Channel' ---, Journal of Language and Literature, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.9, No.0, 21-35, 2002.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : Modes of Mismating: The Case of "An Imaginative woman", --- Hankering for 'a Congenial Channel' ---, Journal of Language and Literature, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.8, 13-26, 2001.
(Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 425)
29.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : Irony of the 'Hand', --- A Study of The Hand of Ethelberta ---, Journal of Language and Literature, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.1, 19-30, 1998.
(Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 330)
30.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : 'Time' and 'Hearts Insurgent', --- A Study of Jude the Obscure ---, Journal of Language and Literature, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.5, 33-47, 1998.
(Summary)
本論文は，HardyのJude the Obscureについて，その創作法が表面上初期の作品と同様の扇情小説の体裁を取りながら，不可逆的な時間の流れに沿って物語と登場人物の心理の進展がなされることに着目し，Hardyの時間に対する問題意識を考察した．主人公たち二人の生き様が過去の支配から逃れ自由になろうとする果敢な挑戦であったと同時にその敗北によって日陰的な人間の存在がヒーローになり得るのではないかと論じた．
(Keyword)
Thomas Hardy / Jude the Obscure / sensation novel / consciousness / mismating / time
Takayoshi Miyazaki : 'Mirror' and 'the art of Vision', --- George Eliot's Adam Bede ---, Journal of Language and Literature, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.3, 1-12, 1996.
本論文は，HardyのWessex Poems and Other Verses(『ウェセックス詩集』)の掉尾を飾る詩を取り上げ，そこに典型的に見られる時間の問題を，時間に左右され翻弄される人間の肉体と内面との乖離の問題として論考した．特に「鏡」に着目し，「鏡」が持つイメージや象徴を神話や他の作品，さらに他の作家の作品に見られる「鏡」のイコンを比較傍証しながら，この詩がロマン的な雰囲気を漂わせながらもHardyらしいアイロニーに満ちた詩として，人間存在の深淵を窺わせるものであると論じた．
(Keyword)
Thomas Hardy / I Look Into My Glass
34.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : Shunkinsho and 'Barbara of the House of Grebe', --- Blindness and Propinquity ---, Journal of Language and Literature, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Vol.2, 167-179, 1995.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : The Marble Statue and Change, --- 'Barbara of the House of Grebe' ---, 徳島大学教養部紀要(外国語·外国文学), Vol.4, 47-59, 1993.
(Summary)
本論文は，A Group of Noble Dames(『貴婦人の群れ』)の中で，特にHardy的な問題を多く含んでいる「グリーブ家のバーバラ」を取り上げ，ひとつの解釈を試みた．この物語には象徴的な大理石の彫像の存在に加え，怪奇で加虐的な嗜好を示す場面などが絡み合って，より複雑な問題が提起されており，この物語に対する解釈を困難にしているが，本論文では，特に観念あるいは理性と感情の対立の問題を，象徴的な存在である大理石の彫像と「変化」との関連から考察した．
(Keyword)
Thomas Hardy / Barbara of the House of Grebe / the marble statue / change / time / feelings / idea
37.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : A Study of Two on a Tower, --- The Emotional History and Time's Revenges ---, 徳島大学教養部紀要(外国語·外国文学), Vol.3, 59-73, 1992.
Thomas Hardy / Two on a Tower / time / emotion / history
38.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : A Locked-up Chamber, --- A Study of Scenes of Clerical Life by George Eliot ---, 徳島大学教養部紀要(外国語·外国文学), Vol.2, 41-55, 1991.
(Summary)
本論文は，G. Eliotの処女作である3つの中篇を収めたScenes of Clerical Lifeについて考察を加えたもの．これら3つの中篇は，習作として見なされることが多く従って評価もそれほど高くないが，後の作品を考慮しながら眺めてみると，原型的な要素やテーマ，人物像が多く見出される．その意味ではむしろ重要な作品集といえるわけであるが，筆者は，その重要な要素のうち，「閉ざされた部屋」のイメージに着目して，3つの中篇を検討し，それぞれの作品についての新たな解釈を試みた．
(Keyword)
George Eliot / Scenes of Clerical Life / chamber / reevaluation / room / iconology / image
39.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : Anne Garland at the Window, --- A Reevaluation of The Trumpet-Major ---, 徳島大学教養部紀要(外国語·外国文学), Vol.1, 37-51, 1990.
Thomas Hardy / The Trumpet-Major / window / reevaluation / time / iconology / image
40.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : A Study of Under the Greenwood Tree, --- A Tentative Approach from the Viewpoint of Time Consciousness ---, 徳島大学教養部紀要(人文·社会科学), Vol.22, 147-161, 1987.
Thomas Hardy / The Waiting Supper / country / city / time
42.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : A Study of Tess of the d'Urbervilles, --- Tess's Pilgrimage and Fulfilment of Love ---, 徳島大学教養部紀要(人文·社会科学), Vol.20, 149-168, 1985.
Thomas Hardy / Tess of the d'Urbervilles / pilgrimage / past / spirituality
43.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : A Study of The Woodlanders, --- The Return of a Native and the Alienation from Nature ---, 徳島大学教養部紀要(人文·社会科学), Vol.19, 127-147, 1984.
Thomas Hardy / The Woodlanders / return / nature / alienation
44.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : A Study of Far from the Madding Crowd, --- Concerning Bathsheba's 'vanity,' 'freak' and 'impulsiveness' ---, 徳島大学教養部紀要(人文·社会科学), Vol.18, 145-171, 1983.
(Summary)
本論文は，主人公Bathshebaに見られる3つの際だった属性"vanity", "freak", "impulsiveness"に，彼女と関係を持つ3人の男達をそれぞれ対応させて分析·検討を加え，Hardyの，この作品以降の作品群で執拗に追求されている，人生の悲劇的なるものの原因の原型を捉えようとした．またその過程において，主人公が数々の試練を経て到達した境地"dignified calm", "indifference to fate"が，Hardy自身が宇宙的視野に立って究極的に求めようとしたものではなかったかと考察してみた．
(Keyword)
Thomas Hardy / Far from the Madding Crowd / vanity / freak / impulsiveness
Takayoshi Miyazaki : 盲目についての一考察, News from The Thomas Hardy Sciety of Japan, No.35, 4-5, 1994.
(Summary)
本エッセイは，谷崎潤一郎がHardyの''Barbara of the House of Grebe"をヒントとして『春琴抄』を書いたとされていることについて，春琴の盲目のモチーフがなぜ生まれたのかを疑問とし，それがHardyのその作品において重要と考えられる視覚の問題と関わっているのではないかと考えた．Hardyのその作品に視覚に関わる言葉や表現を指摘し，二つの作品に窺うことのできる影響関係を示唆した．
(Keyword)
Thomas Hardy / Barbara of the House of Grebe / Tanizaki Jun'ichiro / 春琴抄 / blindness
Review, Commentary:
1.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : 土屋倭子『トマス・ハーディの文学と二人の妻』, The Bulletin of the Thomas Hardy Society of Japan, No.44, 192-199, Sep. 2018.
短編集『人生の小さな皮肉』(Life's Little Ironies)に収められた「古びた人びと」(`A Few Crusted Characters')は，短編集『貴婦人の群れ』(A Group of Noble Dames)と同様のいわゆる枠物語であり，収められている話の数もほぼ10と共通の構成になっている．短編集『人生の皮肉』の中に収められた，いわばもうひとつの短編集という，入れ子細工のような様相を呈しているが，この作品を眺め直すことによって，広く長編小説にまで及ぶハーディの創作の秘密が透けて見えてきそうである．ひとりの帰郷者を軸に，過去に遡りやがてまた物語の現在に戻ってくるはっきりとした円環的な構造に，村の住民たちの悲喜劇が，明白な語り手によってペーソスやユーモアを交えて語られ，それによって過去の人びとが生き生きと我々の時空間に甦ってくる様は，ハーディの，短篇小説家としての技倆を余すことなく示していると考えてよい．「古風な」(crusted)という措辞で表された過去の村人たちが，馬車に乗り合わせた，今の村人たちによって語られることになるが，帰郷者にそうした「古びた人びと」の在りし日の姿を語り聞かせることには，「語り」の問題が関わっていると同時に，古めかしい伝統的な「語り」に即しながらもモダニズムに通ずる要素が垣間見られるように思われる．ひとりひとり語り手を変えながら，ロングパドル(Longpuddle)の人びとを描き出すというところに，ハーディらしい前衛的な試みが窺えると考えてよいかもしれない．
(Keyword)
Thomas Hardy / A Few Crusted Characters / time / a congenial channel / technique / telling
『塔上の二人』(Two on a Tower)において，コンスタンタイン夫人は，夫への鬱屈した気持ちを持て余しながら，偶然に知り合った10歳年下のスウィジンに関心を抱きやがて彼と結ばれることを願う．森の中にあって人の目には触れぬ，一種の閉ざされた楽園のような世界を作りだしている古い塔の中において，彼女とスウィジンとは歳の差を超えて愛の成就―結婚の実現を願う．しかしながら，「共感の通路」を求め合うその二人に対して，様々な「時間」のトリックが二人のその意図を挫こうとするのである．コンスタンタイン夫人の夫ブラント卿の死亡時期と秘密結婚の時期のずれ，遺書という過去からの束縛，年齢の差など，この作品には「時間」に関わる要素が様々にトリックのように働いて，やがては悲劇的な末路へとコンスタンタイン夫人を導いてゆく．現在という時間に存在しながらも過去に支配された二人は，いわば二重性を帯びた人間存在として，悲劇に至る過程を例証しているかのようである．宇宙の悠久な時間の流れに対し，いかにも矮小化された人間の時間の流れ，そしてその時間の対比によって冷徹に描かれた，年下の若いアドニスのようなスウィジンとの再会に，ショック死を迎える老醜を帯び始めたコンスタンタイン夫人の姿は，現在という時間の中に過去を内在化させている人間の二重性がもたらす悲劇のひとつの様相かもしれない．森の中に屹立する塔は，広大で凄みを帯びた宇宙に対して，卑小な人間の営みに流れるはかない希求を，その内部のらせん空間がイメージを与えているように，どこまでも表しているように思われる．そうした観点に基づき口頭発表を行った．
(Keyword)
Thomas Hardy / Two on a Tower / time / a congenial channel / trick / spiral
谷崎潤一郎の『春琴抄』がThomas Hardyの'Barbara of the House of Grebe'をヒントとして書かれたことは知られているが，驕慢な春琴の外面的な美を，佐助が自ら目を潰し盲目となることによって，闇の世界に永遠化したことを考えると，理想の女性，永遠の女性という点で，Hardyと谷崎との共通性がもう少し見えてくるかもしれない．Hardyの作品の中でもプラトン的なアイデアリズムが色濃く表れているThe Well-Belovedにおいて，彫刻家Pierstonは，自分の加齢を顧みることもなく愚のままに理想の女の幻"the well-beloved"を，3代にわたるAviceに求める．その姿は，ナオミを理想の女に仕立て上げようとしながらもやがて翻弄され支配されてゆく痴人譲治の姿を思い起こさせるといってもよいだろう．The Well-BelovedのAvice像と『痴人の愛』のナオミ像を比較検討しながら，Hardyと谷崎に見られる男女の繋がりの問題を考察した．
(Keyword)
Thomas Hardy / The Well-Beloved / beauty / a congenial channel / 谷崎 潤一郎 / 痴人の愛
9.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : The Return of the Native における「故郷喪失」と「時」について, 日本英文学会中国四国支部第39回大会, Oct. 1986.
(Summary)
本発表は，HardyのThe Return of the Nativeについて，都会を捨てて故郷に戻ってくる主人公と故郷から都会に逃れたいと願う娘との恋愛と結婚，そして悲劇的な結末に，冒頭から大きな存在として登場している故郷そのものEgdon Heathが，象徴的な意味をたたえて関わっているのではないかと考察した．主人公と故郷との関係，主人公の妻となる娘と故郷との関係に見られる齟齬が，人間の土地に対する帰属意識の問題と時間の意識に関わる問題であると論じた．
(Keyword)
Thomas Hardy / The Return of the Native / city / country / time
10.
Takayoshi Miyazaki : "The Waiting Supper"考, 日本英文学会中国四国支部第37回大会, Oct. 1984.
Thomas Hardy / The Waiting Supper / city / country / time
Et cetera, Workshop:
1.
Takayoshi Miyazaki, Masaya Satoh and Motohiro Sakai : Moraes's Garden, --- Nature, People and Heart of Tokushima ---, Regional Science Research, the University of Tokushima, Vol.2, No.0, 91-93, Dec. 2012.
Takayoshi Miyazaki, Eisaku Ishikawa, Masaya Satoh and Motohiro Sakai : A Report of the Project Studies in 2016, --- Regional revitalization project through W. de Moraes ---, 徳島大学地域科学研究, Vol.7, 16-20, Tokushima, Dec. 2017.
(Summary)
This report is a record of the social action activities of Moraes Studies of Tokushima University between April 2016 and March 2017 financed by the Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University. Moraes Studies Group, launched on July 31, 2010, the members of which are Takayoshi Miyazaki (English Literature, Comparative Literature), Eisaku Ishikawa (German Literature, Comparative Literature), Masaya Satoh (Plant Physiology), Mtohiro Sakai (Clinical Psychology), all in that time at the Institute of Socio-Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, has been continuing analytical research on Moraes's works and trying to open new facets of Moraes's biographical aspects, along with the social action activities of organizing exhibitions and lectures on Moraes with other related groups in Tokushima. As the basic activities, we held regular meetings nine times during that time, and we read and discussed the Moraes's last work ``Relance da Alma Japonesa''. We also held two regional revitalization events, one was a lecture on Fado entitled ``Fado and Amália Rodorigues'' with Prof. Mauro Neves as a guest lecturer, and the other was the cinema viewing party of ``A Ilha dos Amores'', which is the movie about Moraes's life, with Yoko Otake as a guest speaker. She was a secretary of the producer of this movie, and she told about many interesting episodes in producing the movie in Japan and in here Tokushima.
(Tokushima University Institutional Repository: 110987)
2.
Takayoshi Miyazaki, Eisaku Ishikawa, Masaya Satoh and Motohiro Sakai : Globalism and Moraes, --- Reevaluation of Nature, People and Heart of Tokushima in the World through W. de Moraes ---, Regional Science Research, the University of Tokushima, Vol.6, No.0, 26-29, Tokushima, Dec. 2016.
(Summary)
This report is a record of the social action activities in 2015 of W. de Moraes financed by the Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University. Moraes's Studies Group, launched on July 31, 2010, the members of which are Takayoshi Miyazaki (English Literature, Comparative Literature), Eisaku Ishikawa (German Literature, Comparative Literature), Masaya Satoh (Plant Physiology), Mtohiro Sakai (Clinical Psychology), all at the Institute of Socio-Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, has been continuing analytical research on Moraes's works and trying to open new facets of Moraes's biographical aspects, including the social action activities of organizing exhibitions and lectures on Moraes with other groups in Tokushima. As the basic activities, we have been organizing regular meetings every month or every two months, and have read Moraes's O Bon-odori em Tokushima, Ó-Yoné e Ko-Haru, and we are now reading Relance da Alma Japonesa. Our activities are further developing with the cooperation with other local groups in Tokushima, Kobe, Osaka and Tokyo; and also gaining connections with Portugal, after visiting Leiria, Coimbra and Lisbon in Portugal in March 2015.
Takayoshi Miyazaki, Eisaku Ishikawa, Masaya Satoh and Motohiro Sakai : Globalism and Moraes, --- Reevaluation of Nature, People and Heart of Tokushima in the World through W. de Moraes ---, Regional Science Research, the University of Tokushima, Vol.5, No.0, 42-45, Tokushima, Dec. 2015.
(Summary)
This report is a record of the activities in 2014 of Moraes's Studies Group launched on July 31, 2010. The members of Moraes's Studies Group, Takayoshi Miyazaki (English Literature, Comparative Literature), Eisaku Ishikawa (German Literature, Comparative Literature), Masaya Satoh (Plant Physiology), Mtohiro Sakai (Clinical Psychology), all at the Institute of Socio-Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, have been continuing analytical research on Moraes's works and trying to open new facets of Moraes's biographical aspects, including the activities of organizing exhibitions and lectures on Moraes. As the basic activities we organized and have been organizing regular meetings every month or every two months, having read Moraes's O Bon-odori em Tokushima, Ó-Yoné e Ko-Haru, and now reading Relance da Alma Japonesa. Our activities are still going on and developing with the cooperation with other local groups in Tokushima and Kobe, and also developing by visiting Leiria, Coimbra and Lisbon in Portugal in March 2015.
Takayoshi Miyazaki, Eisaku Ishikawa, Masaya Satoh and Motohiro Sakai : Globalism and Moraes, --- Reevaluation of Nature, People and Heart of Tokushima in the World ---, Regional Science Research, the University of Tokushima, Vol.4, No.0, 64-67, Tokushima, Dec. 2014.
Takayoshi Miyazaki, Masaya Satoh and Motohiro Sakai : Moraes's Garden, --- Nature, People and Heart of Tokushima ---, Regional Science Research, the University of Tokushima, Vol.3, No.0, 140-142, Tokushima, Dec. 2013.