Risa Okamoto, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki and Keiichi Hosaka : Cardamonin decreases inflammatory mediator expression in IL-1β-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells., Molecular Biology Reports, Vol.51, No.1, 2024.
(要約)
In this study, we found that cardamonin could suppress the production of inflammatory mediators in HPDLCs as well as the activation of several signaling pathways induced by IL-1β treatment.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Masahiro Shimoyama, Risa Okamoto, Kazumi Ozaki and Keiichi Hosaka : The effects of berteroin on inflammatory mediators and antioxidant enzymes expression in human periodontal ligament cells., Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 2023.
(要約)
Berteroin is a bioactive substance classified as an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, arugula, and salad leaves. In this study, we aimed to determine whether berteroin exerts anti-inflammatory effects on human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs), a resident cells of periodontal tissue. Berteroin suppressed interleukin (IL)-1β or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced chemokines (C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)2, CCL20, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)10, IL-8, and IL-6) production and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression in HPDLCs. In addition, berteroin inhibited phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK)- α/ β, nuclear factor (NF)- κB p65, and IκB- α and degradation of IκB- α in the NF-κB pathway induced by IL-1 β or TNF- α stimulation. Moreover, berteroin could inhibit signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 phosphorylation in TNF- α -stimulated HPDLC. Furthermore, berteroin increased the expression of the antioxidant enzymes, heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase (NQO)1, in IL-1 β or TNF- α -stimulated HPDLCs. These results suggest that berteroin may decrease the production of inflammatory mediators in HPDLCs by suppressing the NF-κB pathway, and may also decrease the local reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in periodontal lesions by increasing the production of antioxidant enzymes.
Masahiro Shimoyama, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki and Keiichi Hosaka : Effects of erucin on inflammatory mediators and antioxidant enzymes' expression in TNF-α-stimulated human oral epithelial cells., Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, Vol.46, No.1, 49-54, 2023.
(要約)
These results suggest that erucin may provide a new anti-inflammatory agent that can be used in the treatment of periodontitis.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Masahiro Shimoyama, Ayumi Fujii, Juri Sato, Kimitake Kadena, Kazumi Ozaki and Keiichi Hosaka : The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Iberin on TNF-α-Stimulated Human Oral Epithelial Cells: In Vitro Research., Biomedicines, Vol.10, No.12, 2022.
(要約)
Iberin is a bioactive chemical found in cruciferous plants that has been demonstrated to have anticancer properties. However, there have been no reports on its effects on periodontal resident cells, and many questions remain unanswered. The aim of this study was to examine whether iberin had anti-inflammatory effects on human oral epithelial cells, including influences on signal transduction pathway activation in TNF-α-στιμυλατεd χελλσ. Iberin inhibited the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), as well as the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated TR146 cells, a human oral epithelial cell line. Moreover, iberin administration increased the expression of antioxidant signaling pathways, such as Heme Oxygenase (HO)-1 and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1). Furthermore, we found that iberin could inhibit the activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3, and p70S6 kinase (p70S6K)-S6 ribosomal protein (S6) pathways in TNF-α-stimulated TR146 cells. In conclusion, iberin reduced inflammatory mediator expression in human oral epithelial cells by preventing the activation of particular signal transduction pathways.
Masahiro Shimoyama, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki and Keiichi Hosaka : 6-(Methylsulfinyl) Hexyl Isothiocyanate Inhibits IL-6 and CXCL10 Production in TNF-α-Stimulated Human Oral Epithelial Cells., Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Vol.44, No.7, 2915-2922, 2022.
(要約)
6-(Methylsulfinyl) hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MSITC) is a bioactive substance found in wasabi (Wasabia japonica) and has been reported to have some bioactive effects including anticancer and antioxidant effects. However, there are no reports on its effects on periodontal resident cells, and many points remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether 6-MSITC exerts anti-inflammatory effects on human oral epithelial cells, including effects on signal transduction pathway activation. 6-MSITC inhibited interleukin (IL)-6 and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) production in TNF-α-stimulated TR146 cells, which are a human oral epithelial cell line. Moreover, we found that 6-MSITC could suppress signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and p70S6 kinase (p70S6K)-S6 ribosomal protein (S6) pathways activation in TNF-α-stimulated TR146 cells. Furthermore, STAT3 and NF-κB inhibitors could suppress IL-6 and CXCL10 production in TNF-α-treated TR146 cells. In summary, 6-MSITC could decrease IL-6 and CXCL10 production in human oral epithelial cell by inhibiting STAT3 and NF-κB activation.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : Nobiletin Inhibits Inflammatory Reaction in Interleukin-1β-Stimulated Human Periodontal Ligament Cells., Pharmaceutics, Vol.13, No.5, 667, 2021.
(要約)
The immune response in periodontal lesions is involved in the progression of periodontal disease. Therefore, it is important to find a bioactive substance that has anti-inflammatory effects in periodontal lesions. This study aimed to examine if nobiletin, which is found in the peel of citrus fruits, could inhibit inflammatory responses in interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). The release of cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, CXCL10, CCL20, and CCL2) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1 and MMP-3) was assessed by ELISA. The expression of cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1and VCAM-1) and the activation of signal transduction pathways (nuclear factor (NF)-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and protein kinase B (Akt)) in HPDLCs were detected by Western blot analysis. Our experiments revealed that nobiletin decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and MMPs in IL-1β-stimulated HPDLCs. Moreover, we revealed that nobiletin treatment could suppress the activation of the NF-κB, MAPKs, and Akt pathways. These findings indicate that nobiletin could inhibit inflammatory reactions in IL-1β-stimulated HPDLCs by inhibiting multiple signal transduction pathways, including NF-κB, MAPKs, and Akt.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : The Polymethoxy Flavonoid Sudachitin Inhibits Interleukin-1 β-Induced Inflammatory Mediator Production in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells, BioMed Research International, Vol.2021, No.Article ID 8826586, 2021.
Ikuko Hosokawa, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : Carnosic acid inhibits inflammatory cytokines production in human periodontal ligament cells., Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, Vol.42, No.4, 373-378, 2020.
(要約)
The results of this study suggest that CA has anti-inflammatory effects in human periodontal ligament cells by inhibiting JNK, NF-κB and STAT3 pathways.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : Sudachitin Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 and -3 Production in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Stimulated Human Periodontal Ligament Cells., Inflammation, Vol.42, No.4, 1456-1462, 2019.
(要約)
Sudachitin, a polymethoxylated flavonoid found in the skin of Citrus sudachi, is a biologically active substance. The aim of this study was to examine whether sudachitin could be used to inhibit the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3, which are involved in the destruction of periodontal tissues in periodontal lesions, in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLC). Sudachitin suppressed TNF-α-induced MMP-1 and MMP-3 production in HPDLC. On the other hand, it enhanced tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 expression. The level of Akt phosphorylation in the TNF-α-stimulated HPDLC was decreased by sudachitin treatment. Moreover, an Akt inhibitor reduced MMP-1 and MMP-3 production and increased TIMP-1 production. These findings indicate that sudachitin reduces MMP-1 and MMP-3 production in TNF-α-stimulated HPDLC by inhibiting the Akt pathway.
Ikuko Hosokawa, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : Carnosic Acid Inhibits CXCR3 Ligands Production in IL-27-Stimulated Human Oral Epithelial Cells., Inflammation, Vol.42, No.4, 1311-1316, 2019.
(要約)
Carnosic acid, which is a bioactive compound isolated from rosemary, has various pharmacological effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of carnosic acid on periodontitis is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of carnosic acid on CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) ligands, which are involved in Th1 cells migration and accumulation, production in interleukin (IL)-27-stimulated human oral epithelial cells (TR146 cells). Carnosic acid decreased CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 production in IL-27-stimulated TR146 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Moreover, we disclosed that carnosic acid could suppress signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1, STAT3, and protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation in IL-27-stimulated TR146 cells. Furthermore, STAT1, STAT3, and Akt inhibitors could suppress CXCR3 ligands production in IL-27-treated TR146 cells. In summary, carnosic acid could reduce CXCR3 ligands production in human oral epithelial cell by inhibiting STAT1, STAT3, and Akt activation.
Satoru Shindo, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa and Hideki Shiba : Interleukin (IL)-35 Suppresses IL-6 and IL-8 Production in IL-17A-Stimulated Human Periodontal Ligament Cells., Inflammation, Vol.42, No.3, 835-840, 2019.
(要約)
Interleukin (IL)-35 is a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine that is produced by regulatory T cells. IL-35 is reported to suppress IL-17A-producing helper T (Th17) cell activation. IL-17A is related to progression of periodontitis. Furthermore, IL-35 and IL-17A are detected in human gingival crevicular fluid. However, the effect of IL-35 and interaction between IL-35 and IL-17A on pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human periodontal resident cells are still unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of IL-35 on IL-6 and IL-8 production in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) stimulated with IL-17A. IL-35 inhibited IL-6 and IL-8 production in IL-17A-stimulated HPDLCs. Moreover, western blot analysis showed that IL-35 suppressed extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 phosphorylation in IL-17A-stimulated HPDLCs. Our findings suggested that IL-35 produced from regulatory T cells might inhibit progression of periodontitis by decreasing IL-17A-induced levels of IL-6 and IL-8.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : Honokiol and Magnolol Inhibit CXCL10 and CXCL11 Production in IL-27-Stimulated Human Oral Epithelial Cells., Inflammation, Vol.41, No.6, 2110-2115, 2018.
(要約)
Honokiol and magnolol, which are lignans isolated from Magnolia quinquepeta, have some pharmacological effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of honokiol and magnolol on periodontal disease are still uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of honokiol and magnolol on CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) ligands, which are related with Th1 cell migration, production in interleukin (IL)-27-stimulated human oral epithelial cells (TR146 cells). Honokiol and magnolol inhibited CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)10 and CXCL11 production in IL-27-stimulated TR146 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, we revealed that honokiol and magnolol could suppress signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation in IL-27-stimulated TR146 cells though STAT1 phosphorylation was not suppressed by honokiol and magnolol treatment. Furthermore, STAT3 and Akt inhibitors could suppress CXCR3 ligand production in TR146 cells. In summary, honokiol and magnolol could reduce CXCR3 ligand production in oral epithelial cell by inhibiting STAT3 and Akt activation.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : Transforming growth factor-β1 increases C-C chemokine ligand 11 production in interleukin 4-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells., Cell Biology International, Vol.42, No.10, 1395-1400, 2018.
(要約)
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is a multifunctional cytokine, which can control certain functions of various kinds of cells. However, it is unclear whether TGF-β1 affects T-cell migration in periodontal lesions. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of TGF-β1 on the production of C-C chemokine ligand (CCL)11, which is a T-helper 2-type chemokine, in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLC). Interleukin (IL)-4 induced CCL11 production, but TGF-β1 did not, in HPDLC. However, TGF-β1 enhanced CCL11 production in IL-4-stimulated HPDLC. Western blot analysis showed that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) pathway was highly activated in HPDLC that had been stimulated with both IL-4 and TGF-β1. Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation did not differ between the HPDLC treated with a combination of IL-4 and TGF-β1 and those treated with IL-4 or TGF-β1 alone. Moreover, a STAT6 inhibitor significantly inhibited CCL11 production in HPDLC that had been stimulated with IL-4 and TGF-β1. The current study clearly demonstrated that TGF-β1 enhanced IL-4-induced CCL11 production in HPDLC. The STAT6 pathway is important for CCL11 production in IL-4- and TGF-β1-treated HPDLC.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Satoru Shindo, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : IL-29 Enhances CXCL10 Production in TNF--stimulated Human Oral Epithelial Cells., Immunological Investigations, Vol.46, No.6, 615-624, 2017.
(要約)
Interleukin-29 (IL-29) is a cytokine belonging to the Type III interferon family. It was recently detected in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients. However, the role of IL-29 in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of IL-29 on C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) production in human oral epithelial cells. We measured CXCL10 production in TR146 cells, which is a human oral epithelial cell line, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We used a Western blot analysis to detect IL-29 receptor expression and the phosphorylation levels of signal transduction molecules, including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and nuclear factor (NF)- B p65, in the TR146 cells. The TR146 cells expressed the IL-29 receptor. IL-29 induced CXCL10 production in the TR146 cells. IL-29 significantly enhanced CXCL10 production in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)--stimulated TR146 cells. The p38 MAPK, STAT3, and NF-B pathways were found to be related to the IL-29-induced enhancement of CXCL10 production in TNF--stimulated TR146 cells. IL-29 promotes T helper 1-cell accumulation in periodontal lesions by inducing CXCL10 production in oral epithelial cells.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Satoru Shindo, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : Gomisin N Decreases Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells., Inflammation, Vol.40, No.2, 360-365, 2017.
(要約)
Gomisin N, which is a lignan isolated from Schisandra chinensis, has some pharmacological effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of gomisin N on periodontal disease are uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of gomisin N on inflammatory mediator production in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)--stimulated human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLC). Gomisin N inhibited interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 2, and CCL20 production in TNF--stimulated HPDLC in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, we revealed that gomisin N could suppress extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation in TNF--stimulated HPDLC though protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation was not suppressed by gomisin N treatment. In summary, gomisin N might exert anti-inflammatory effects by attenuating cytokine production in periodontal ligament cells via inhibiting the TNF--stimulated ERK and JNK pathways activation.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Satoru Shindo, Yoshihiro Ohta, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : Alkannin inhibits CCL3 and CCL5 production in human periodontal ligament cells., Cell Biology International, Vol.40, No.12, 1380-1385, 2016.
(要約)
Alkannin, which is found in Alkanna tinctoria, a member of the borage family, is used as a food coloring. Alkannin has recently been reported to have certain biological functions, such as anti-microbial and anti-oxidant effects. It is known that CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 5-positive leukocytes contribute to alveolar bone resorption in periodontal lesions. The aim of this study was to examine whether alkannin inhibits the production of CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 3 and CCL5, which are CCR5 ligands, in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLC). Interleukin (IL)-1 induced CCL3 and CCL5 production in HPDLC. Alkannin inhibited IL-1-mediated CCL3 and CCL5 production in HPDLC in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, we revealed that alkannin suppressed inhibitor of kappa B- degradation in IL-1-stimulated HPDLC. In addition, a nuclear factor (NF)-B inhibitor significantly inhibited CCL3 and CCL5 production in IL-1-stimulated HPDLC. These results demonstrate that alkannin inhibits CCR5 ligand production in IL-1-stimulated HPDLC by attenuating the NF-B signaling pathway.
Ikuko Hosokawa, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Satoru Shindo, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : Melatonin Inhibits CXCL10 and MMP-1 Production in IL-1-Stimulated Human Periodontal Ligament Cells., Inflammation, Vol.39, No.4, 1520-1526, 2016.
(要約)
Melatonin is a hormone that is mainly secreted by the pineal gland and exhibits a wide spectrum of activities, including antioxidant functions. Melatonin has been detected in gingival crevicular fluid. However, the role of melatonin in periodontal tissue is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of melatonin on inflammatory mediator expression in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLC). Interleukin (IL)-1 induced CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)10, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 production in HPDLC. Melatonin decreased CXCL10 and MMP-1 production and increased TIMP-1 production in IL-1-stimulated HPDLC. Western blot analysis showed that melatonin inhibited p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, and IkB- degradation and phosphorylation in IL-1-stimulated HPDLC. These results suggest that melatonin might inhibit Th1 cell migration by reducing CXCL10 production. Moreover, melatonin might inhibit soft tissue destruction by decreasing MMP-1 production in periodontal lesions.
Satoru Shindo, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : Shikonin Inhibits Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells., Inflammation, Vol.39, No.3, 1124-1129, 2016.
(要約)
Shikonin, which is derived from Lithospermum erythrorhizon, a herb used in traditional medicine, has long been considered to be a useful treatment for various diseases in traditional oriental medicine. Shikonin has recently been reported to have several pharmacological properties, e.g., it has anti-microbial, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to examine whether shikonin is able to influence the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and/or chemokine C-C motif ligand (CCL)20, which contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLC). The production levels of IL-6, IL-8, and CCL20 in HPDLC were determined using an ELISA. Western blot analysis was used to detect nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B) pathway activation in HPDLC. Shikonin prevented IL-1- or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)--mediated IL-6, IL-8, and CCL20 production in HPDLC. Moreover, we found that shikonin suppressed the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of kappa B-alpha (IB-) in IL-1- or TNF--stimulated HPDLC. These findings suggest that shikonin could have direct beneficial effects against periodontal disease by reducing IL-6, IL-8, and CCL20 production in periodontal lesions.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Satoru Shindo, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : IL-4 Modulates CCL11 and CCL20 Productions from IL-1-Stimulated Human Periodontal Ligament Cells., Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, Vol.38, No.1, 153-159, 2016.
(要約)
These results mean that IL-4 enhanced Th2 cells migration in periodontal lesion to induce CCL11 production from HPDLCs. On the other hand, IL-4 inhibits Th17 cells accumulation in periodontally diseased tissues to inhibit CCL20 production. Therefore, IL-4 is positively related with the pathogenesis of periodontal disease to control chemokine productions in periodontal lesions.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Satoru Shindo, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : Calcitriol Suppressed Inflammatory Reactions in IL-1-Stimulated Human Periodontal Ligament Cells., Inflammation, Vol.38, No.6, 2252-2258, 2015.
(要約)
Vitamin D has important roles on control of calcium and phosphate levels in the body. However, the role of vitamin D on the pathogenesis of periodontal disease is still uncertain. Therefore, we examined the effect of the hormonal form of vitamin D, calcitriol, on inflammatory responses of human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLC). We detected vitamin D receptor expression in non-stimulated HPDLC. Calcitriol inhibited interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 20, CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 10, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 release from IL-1-stimulated HPDLC. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 production did not change by calcitriol. Moreover, we found c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and IB- degradation in IL-1-stimulated HPDLC were inhibited by calcitriol, and JNK and nuclear factor (NF)-B inhibitors could decrease IL-6, IL-8, CCL20, CXCL10, and MMP-3 productions in IL-1-treated HPDLC. These findings suggest that vitamin D could modulate inflammatory response in periodontal tissues.
Satoru Shindo, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : Genipin inhibits MMP-1 and MMP-3 release from TNF--stimulated human periodontal ligament cells., Biochimie, Vol.107PB, 391-395, 2014.
(要約)
Genipin, the aglycon of geniposide found in gardenia fruit has long been considered for treatment of inflammatory diseases in traditional oriental medicine. Genipin has recently been reported to have some pharmacological functions, such as antimicrobial, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to examine whether genipin could modify matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3, which are related to the destruction of periodontal tissues in periodontal lesion, expression in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)--stimulated human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). Genipin prevented TNF--mediated MMP-1 and MMP-3 productions in HPDLCs. Moreover, genipin could suppress not only extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylations but also AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in TNF--stimulated HPDLCs. Inhibitors of ERK and AMPK could inhibit both MMP-1 and MMP-3 productions. Moreover, we revealed the ERK inhibitor suppressed AMPK phosphorylation in TNF--stimulated HPDLCs. These data provide a new mechanism through which genipin could be used for the treatment of periodontal disease to prevent MMPs expression in periodontal lesion.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Satoru Shindo, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : IL-22 Enhances CCL20 Production in IL-1-Stimulated Human Gingival Fibroblasts., Inflammation, Vol.37, No.6, 2062-2066, 2014.
(要約)
CC chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) is involved in the recruitment of Th17 cells and thus in the exacerbation of periodontal disease, but the effect of simultaneous interleukin (IL)-22 and IL-1 stimulation on CCL20 production in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) is uncertain. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of IL-1- and/or IL-22-induced CCL20 production in HGFs. A single stimulation of IL-22 could not induce CCL20 production. On the other hand, IL-22 could increase CCL20 production from IL-1-stimulated HGFs in a dose-dependent manner. C-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK) and inhibitor of nuclear factor B (IB)- phosphorylation were increased in IL-1- and IL-22-stimulated HGFs. An inhibitor of nuclear factor (NF)-B decreased IL-1- and IL-22-induced CCL20 production, though an inhibitor of JNK did not modulate CCL20 production. These data suggest that IL-1 in cooperation with IL-22 could increase Th17 cell accumulation in periodontally diseased tissues to enhance CCL20 production in HGFs.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Satoru Shindo, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : IL-6 trans-signaling enhances CCL20 production from IL-1-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells., Inflammation, Vol.37, No.2, 381-386, 2014.
(要約)
CC chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) plays a central role in the recruitment of CCR6-expressing cells, including Th17 cells which are related to bone resorption in periodontal lesions and thus in the development of periodontal disease. IL-6 is an important cytokine that is associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis. However, the effect of IL-6 on CCL20 production is uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine whether IL-6 could modify CCL20 expression in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). HPDLCs expressed gp130 but did not express IL-6R on the surface of HPDLCs. So, IL-6 trans-signaling is important to recognize IL-6 by HPDLCs. IL-6/sIL-6R stimulation enhanced CCL20 production in IL-1-stimulated HPDLCs. IL-6 produced from IL-1-stimulated HPDLCs with sIL-6R could increase CCL20 production in HPDLCs with sIL-6R. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 activation was related to CCL20 production in IL-1 and IL-6/sIL-6R-stimulated HPDLCs. Our data suggests that HPDLCs, in response to IL-6, sIL-6R, and IL-1, may shift chemokine production to that favoring CCR6-expressing cells recruitment in periodontal lesions.
Satoru Shindo, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : Genipin inhibits IL-1-induced CCL20 and IL-6 production from human periodontal ligament cells., Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, Vol.33, No.2, 357-364, 2014.
(要約)
These data provide a novel mechanism through which genipin could be used to provide direct benefits in periodontal disease to inhibit IL-6 and CCL20 productions in periodontal lesions.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Satoru Shindo, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Inhibits CC Chemokine Ligand 11 Production in Human Gingival Fibroblasts., Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, Vol.31, No.6, 960-967, 2013.
(要約)
Background: CC chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11) is related to Th2 cells migration via CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3). Th2 cells are involved in the etiology of periodontal disease. However, how the infiltration of Th2 cells is controlled in periodontally diseased tissues is unknown. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major catechin in green tea, has multiple beneficial effects, but the effects of EGCG on CCL11 production are uncertain. In this study, we investigated whether cytokines could induce CCL11 production in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Moreover, we examined the effects of EGCG on CCL11 production in HGFs. Methods and Results: ELISA analysis disclosed that interleukin (IL)-4 synergistically enhanced CCL11 production in IL-1 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)--stimulated HGFs. EGCG prevented IL-1/ IL-4 or TNF-/IL-4-mediated CCL11 production in a concentration dependent manner. CCL11 production in HGFs was positively regulated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK). Western blot analysis revealed that EGCG treatment prevented IL-1/IL-4 or TNF-/IL-4-induced ERK and JNK activation in HGFs. Conclusions: These data provide that CCL11 production in HGFs could be associated with Th2 cells infiltration in periodontal lesions. Moreover, EGCG is useful for periodontitis treatment to inhibit CCL11 production.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Satoru Shindo, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : TLR3 agonist enhances CC chemokine ligand 20 production in IL-1-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts., Cellular Immunology, Vol.283, No.1-2, 8-11, 2013.
(要約)
Viruses are related to the etiology of periodontitis. However, the role of viruses on Th17 cells infiltration in periodontitis lesions is unknown. Therefore, we examined the effects of TLR3 ligand on CCL20, which is related to Th17 cells migration, production in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), which is a TLR3 agonist, stimulation could moderately induce CCL20 production in HGFs. Poly I:C synergistically enhanced CCL20 expression from IL-1-stimulated HGFs. Inhibitors of p38 MAPK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK), and NF-B significantly inhibited CCL20 production in Poly I:C/IL-1-stimulated HGFs. Western blot analysis disclosed phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK, and IB- were enhanced in Poly I:C/IL-1-treated HGFs. These data suggested that virus infection is related to Th17 cells migration in periodontitis lesion to induce CCL20 production in HGFs via TLR3. Therefore, our results indicated that virus might be important pathogen in periodontal disease.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Satoru Shindo, Kazumi Ozaki, Hideaki Nakae and Takashi Matsuo : Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis increases CC chemokine ligand 20 production in interleukin 1-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts., Human Immunology, Vol.73, No.5, 470-473, 2012.
(要約)
CC chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) is related to T-helper (Th)-17 cell migration, and Th17 cells play important roles in exacerbation in periodontal disease. However, the effect of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) on CCL20 production is unknown. In this study, we examined the mechanisms of TWEAK in combination with interleukin (IL)-1-induced CCL20 production in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). TWEAK alone did not induce CCL20 production in HGFs. However, TWEAK enhanced CCL20 expression from IL-1-stimulated HGFs in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), protein kinase B (Akt), and nuclear factor B (NF-B) significantly inhibited CCL20 production in TWEAK and IL-1-stimulated HGFs. Western blot analysis revealed that phosphorylations of ERK, Akt, and inhibitor of NF-B were enhanced in TWEAK and IL-1-treated HGFs. These data suggest that TWEAK is positively related to Th17 cell migration in periodontally diseased tissues to enhance CCL20 production in IL-1-stimulated HGFs.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki, Hideaki Nakae and Takashi Matsuo : Interleukin (IL)-17A synergistically enhances CC chemokine ligand 20 production in IL-1-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts., Human Immunology, Vol.73, No.1, 26-30, 2012.
(要約)
CC chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) plays a pivotal role in the recruitment of T-helper (Th)-17 cells and thus in the development of periodontal disease, but the effect of simultaneous interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-1 stimulation on CCL20 production in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) are not known. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of IL-1- and IL-17A-induced CCL20 production in HGFs. IL-17A synergistically enhanced CCL20 production from IL-1-stimulated HGFs in a concentration-dependent manner. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and inhibitor of nuclear factor (NF)-B- phosphorylation were increased in IL-1- and IL-17A-stimulated HGFs. Inhibitors of or ERK and NF-B decreased IL-1- and IL-17A-induced CCL20 production. IL-1 stimulation elevated IL-17 receptor C expression on HGFs. These data suggest that IL-1 is actively related to Th17 cell migration into peripheral tissues to induce production of the Th17 chemokine, CCL20. Therefore, IL-1 might be a therapeutic target for Th17-related diseases, such as periodontal disease and arthritis.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Satoru Shindo, Kazumi Ozaki, Tadashi Nakanishi, Hideaki Nakae and Takashi Matsuo : Black tea polyphenol inhibits CXCL10 production in oncostatin M-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts., International Immunopharmacology, Vol.11, No.6, 670-674, 2011.
(要約)
CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) plays an important role in the infiltration of Th1 cells and thus in the exacerbation of periodontal disease. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TFDG), polyphenol in black tea, has some beneficial effects but the effect of TFDG on CXCL10 production from human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) is uncertain. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which TFDG may inhibit oncostatin M (OSM)-induced CXCL10 production in human gingival fibroblasts. TFDG prevented OSM-mediated CXCL10 production by HGFs in a dose dependent manner. TFDG significantly inhibited OSM-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK), protein kinase B (Akt) (Ser473) that are related to CXCL10 production from OSM-stimulated HGFs. In addition, TFDG suppressed OSM receptor (OSMR) β expression on HGFs. These data provide a novel mechanism where the black tea flavonoid, theaflavin, could provide direct benefits in periodontal disease.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki, Hideaki Nakae and Takashi Matsuo : Oncostatin M synergistically induces CXCL10 and ICAM-1 expression in IL-1beta-stimulated-human gingival fibroblasts., Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, Vol.111, No.1, 40-48, 2010.
(要約)
Periodontitis is a chronic bacterial infection of tooth-supporting structures. T-helper type 1 (Th1) cells are related to the exacerbation of periodontal disease. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), the major cell type in periodontal connective tissues, are involved in immunological response in periodontal tissues. However, it is uncertain whether HGFs are related to Th1 response. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10) is a cytokine, that is related to Th1 cells migration. Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 is involved in Th1 cells retention and activation in inflamed tissue. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of oncostatin M (OSM) on CXCL10 and ICAM-1 expression in HGFs. OSM stimulation induced CXCL10 and ICAM-1 expression in HGFs. Moreover, the synergistic effects of CXCL10 release and ICAM-1 expression in HGFs were observed with combined stimulation of interleukin (IL)-1beta and OSM. OSM increased type 1 IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1) expression, and IL-1beta enhanced OSMRbeta expression on HGFs. IL-1beta + OSM stimulation enhanced the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaB (IkappaB)-alpha, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3, c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK), and protein kinase B (Akt) compared to OSM or IL-1beta stimulation. CXCL10 production from OSM + IL-1beta stimulated HGFs was suppressed by nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, STAT3, JNK, and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors. On the other hand, only NF-kappaB and STAT3 inhibitors suppressed ICAM-1 expression enhanced by OSM + IL-1beta treatment. These effects of OSM and IL-1beta may promote Th1 cells infiltration and retention in periodontally diseased tissues and be related to exacerbation of periodontal disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 40-48, 2010. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki, Tadashi Nakanishi, Hideaki Nakae and Takashi Matsuo : Tea polyphenols inhibit IL-6 production in tumor necrosis factor superfamily 14-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts., Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, Vol.54 Suppl 2, S151-8, 2010.
(要約)
IL-6 is well recognized to be a potent bone resorptive agent and thus in the development of periodontal disease. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG), the major catechins in green tea, and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TFDG), polyphenol in black tea, have multiple beneficial effects, but the effects of catechins and theaflavins on IL-6 production in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) are not known. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which EGCG, ECG, and TFDG inhibit tumor necrosis factor superfamily 14 (TNFSF14)-induced IL-6 production in HGFs. We detected TNFSF14 mRNA expression in human diseased periodontal tissues. TNFSF14 increased IL-6 production in HGFs in a concentration-dependent manner. EGCG, ECG, and TFDG prevented TNFSF14-mediated IL-6 production in HGFs. EGCG, ECG, and TFDG prevented TNFSF14-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and nuclear factor-kappaB activation in HGFs. Inhibitors of ERK, JNK, and nuclear factor-kappaB decreased TNFSF14-induced IL-6 production. In addition, EGCG, ECG, and TFDG attenuated TNFSF14 receptor expression on HGFs. These data provide a novel mechanism through which the green tea and black tea polyphenols could be used to provide direct benefits in periodontal disease.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki, Tadashi Nakanishi, Hideaki Nakae and Takashi Matsuo : Catechins inhibit CXCL10 production from oncostatin M-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts, The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, Vol.21, No.7, 659-664, 2010.
(要約)
CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) plays a pivotal role in the recruitment of Th1 cells and, thus, in the development of periodontal disease. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG), the major catechins derived from green tea, have multiple beneficial effects, but the effects of catechins on CXCL10 production from human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) is not known. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which EGCG and ECG inhibit oncostatin M (OSM)-induced CXCL10 production in HGFs. HGFs constitutively expressed glycoprotein 130 and OSM receptor beta (OSMR beta), which are OSM receptors. OSM increased CXCL10 production in a concentration-dependent manner. EGCG and ECG prevented OSM-mediated CXCL10 production by HGFs. Inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 decreased OSM-induced CXCL10 production. EGCG significantly prevented OSM-induced phosphorylation of JNK, Akt (Ser473) and STAT3 (Tyr705 and Ser727). ECG prevented phosphorylation of JNK and Akt (Ser473). In addition, EGCG and ECG attenuated OSMR beta expression on HGFs. These data provide a novel mechanism through which the green tea flavonoids, catechins, can provide direct benefits in periodontal disease.
Ikuko Hosokawa, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki, Hiromichi Yumoto, Hideaki Nakae and Takashi Matsuo : Proinflammatroy effects of muramyldipeptide on human gingival fibroblasts, Journal of Periodontal Research, Vol.45, No.2, 193-199, 2010.
(要約)
Because human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) are the predominant cells in periodontal tissues, we hypothesized that HGFs are contributed to receptors for components of bacteria. In this study, we focused on expression and function of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) in HGFs, which is a mammalian cytosolic pathogen recognition molecule. Expression of NOD2 in HGFs was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry. Production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, cc chemokine ligand2, cxc chemokine ligand10 (CXCL10) and CXCL11 from HGFs was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We used RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry to detect the NOD2 expression in human gingival tissues. We found clear NOD2 expression in HGFs. Upon stimulation with NOD2 agonist, muramyldipeptide (MDP), production of proinflammatory cytokines was enhanced. Moreover, MDP-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines was inhibited in a different manner by mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor. Furthermore, MDP enhanced CXCL10 and CXCL11 productions by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)- or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-stimulated HGFs, although MDP alone did not induce these chemokines. TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma increased NOD2 expression in HGFs. In addition, we detected NOD2 expression in mononuclear cells and HGFs in periodontally diseased tissues. These findings indicate that MDP which induces production of cytokines and chemokines from HGFs is related to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki, Hideaki Nakae and Takashi Matsuo : TNFSF14 coordinately enhances CXCL10 and CXCL11 production from IFN-gamma-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts, Molecular Immunology, Vol.47, No.4, 666-670, 2010.
(要約)
TNFSF14 is involved in the pathogenesis of some inflammatory diseases such as arthritis. CXCL10 and CXCL11 recruit Th1 cells, and the productions of these chemokines are related to the exacerbation of some inflammatory diseases including arthritis and periodontal disease. We examined in vitro effects of TNFSF14 on IFN-gamma-induced CXCL10 and CXCL11 production in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). HGFs constitutively expressed TNFSF14 receptors, LTbetaR and HVEM. TNFSF14 enhanced IFN-gamma-induced secretion of CXCL10 and CXCL11 from HGFs. IFN-gamma treatment increased HVEM expression on HGFs. TNFSF14 in combination with IFN-gamma resulted in increased activation of p38 MAPK, ERK and IkappaB-alpha compared with TNFSF14 or IFN-gamma alone. Moreover, inhibitors of p38 MAPK, ERK and NF-kappaB abolished the CXCL10 and CXCL11 productions from TNFSF14 with IFN-gamma-stimulated HGFs. These effects of TNFSF14 may promote the infiltration of Th1 cells into lesions with inflammatory diseases. TNFSF14 might act as a proinflammatory cytokine in some inflammatory diseases thus is a candidate therapeutic target.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki, Tadashi Nakanishi, Hideaki Nakae and Takashi Matsuo : Catechins Inhibit CCL20 Production in IL-17A-stimulated Human Gingival Fibroblasts, Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, Vol.24, No.5-6, 391-396, 2009.
(要約)
CC chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) plays a pivotal role in the recruitment of Th17 cells and thus in the development of periodontal disease. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG), the major catechins in green tea, have multiple beneficial effects, but the effects of catechins on CCL20 production in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) are not known. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which EGCG and ECG inhibit interleukin (IL)-17A-induced CCL20 production in human gingival fibroblasts. IL-17A increased CCL20 production in HGFs in a concentration-dependent manner. EGCG and ECG prevented IL-17A-mediated CCL20 production in HGFs. Inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) decreased IL-17A-induced CCL20 production. EGCG and ECG prevented IL-17A-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK in HGFs. In addition, EGCG and ECG attenuated IL-17 receptor expression on HGFs. These data provide a novel mechanism through which the green tea flavonoids catechins could be used to provide direct benefits in periodontal disease.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki, Hideaki Nakae and Takashi Matsuo : Human gingival fibroblasts express functional chemokine receptor CXCR6., Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Vol.156, No.3, 413-418, 2009.
(要約)
We have reported that CXCL16, a recently discovered transmembrane chemokine, is expressed in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). However, it is not known whether HGF express CXCR6, the receptor for CXCL16, or CXCL16 affects HGF biology. We have shown that HGF expressed CXCR6 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometric analysis. Moreover, we elucidated that tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) DNA (Toll-like receptor-9 ligand) treatment enhanced CXCR6 expression by HGF. Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 and CpG DNA up-regulated CXCR6 expression by TNF-alpha-stimulated HGF. On the other hand, IL-1beta and interferon-gamma inhibited CXCR6 expression on TNF-alpha-treated HGF. CXCL16 treatment induced HGF proliferation and phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT) in HGF. In conclusion, HGF expressed CXCR6 functionally, because CXCL16 induced HGF proliferation and ERK and AKT phosphorylation in HGF. These results indicate that CXCL16 may play an important role in the pathogenesis and remodelling in periodontally diseased tissues.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki, Hideaki Nakae and Takashi Matsuo : Cytokines differentially regulate CXCL10 production by interferon-gamma-stimulated or tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts., Journal of Periodontal Research, Vol.44, No.2, 225-231, 2009.
(要約)
CXC chemokine 10 (CXCL10) activates CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and attracts activated T-helper 1 cells. In this study we examined the effects of cytokines on CXCL10 production by human gingival fibroblasts. Human gingival fibroblasts were exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha), a T-helper 1 cytokine (interferon-gamma), T-helper 2 cytokines (interleukin-4, interleukin-13), T-helper 17 cytokines (interleukin-17A, interleukin-22) and regulatory T-cell cytokines (interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-beta1) for 24 h. CXCL10 production by human gingival fibroblasts was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Human gingival fibroblasts produced CXCL10 protein upon stimulation with interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma. Treatment of human gingival fibroblasts with interferon-gamma in combination with tumor necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-1beta resulted in a synergistic production of CXCL10. However, interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 inhibited CXCL10 production by interferon-gamma-stimulated or tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated-human gingival fibroblasts. On the other hand, interleukin-17A and interleukin-22 enhanced CXCL10 production by human gingival fibroblasts treated with interferon-gamma and inhibited CXCL10 production by tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10, inhibited CXCL10 production by both interferon-gamma- and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts, but transforming growth factor-beta1 enhanced interferon-gamma-mediated CXCL10 production by human gingival fibroblasts. These results mean that the balance of cytokines in periodontally diseased tissue may be essential for the control of CXCL10 production by human gingival fibroblasts, and the production of CXCL10 might be important for the regulation of T-helper 1 cell infiltration in periodontally diseased tissue.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki, Hideaki Nakae and Takashi Matsuo : CC Chemokine ligand 17 in periodontal diseases: expression in diseased tissues and production by human gingival fibroblasts, Journal of Periodontal Research, Vol.43, No.4, 471-477, 2008.
(要約)
It has been reported that T helper 2 (Th2) cells are related to exacerbation of periodontal disease. However, it is uncertain how the migration of Th2 cells is controlled. In this study, we examined the expression of CC chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17), which is a Th2 chemokine, in periodontal tissues. Moreover, we investigated the effects of cytokines and toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands on the production of CCL17 by human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). We used immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect CCL17 in periodontal tissues. HGFs were exposed to cytokines and TLR ligands. Expression of CCL17 was examined by RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We used signal transduction inhibitors in some experiments. Both CCL17 and its receptor, CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4), were expressed in diseased periodontal tissues. A combination of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 increased CCL17 expression. Moreover, treatment of HGFs with a low dose of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in combination with TNF-alpha and IL-4 or IL-13 had synergistic effects on the production of CCL17, whereas a high dose of IFN-gamma inhibited CCL17 production. Furthermore, Escherichia coli (E. coli) lipopolysaccharide (TLR4 ligand) and Pam3CSK4 (TLR2 ligand) inhibited CCL17 production by TNF-alpha + IL-4-stimulated HGFs, while CpG DNA (TLR9 ligand) enhanced TNF-alpha + IL-4 induced-CCL17 production by HGFs. Furthermore, a c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor and a nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) inhibitor inhibited CCL17 production by HGFs. These results suggest that the CCL17 produced by HGFs may be involved in the migration of Th2 cells into inflamed tissues, and provide evidence that CCL17 production is controlled by cytokines and TLR ligands in periodontal disease.
Ikuko Hosokawa, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki, Hideaki Nakae and Takashi Matsuo : Adrenomedullin suppresses tumour necrosis factor alpha-induced CXC chemokine ligand 10 production by human gingival fibroblasts., Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Vol.152, No.3, 568-575, 2008.
(要約)
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disorder characterized by the involvement of chemokines that are important for the recruitment of leucocytes. Several cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), are involved in regulating levels of chemokines in periodontal disease. CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) is a chemokine related to the migration of T helper 1 cells. In this study, we examined CXCL10 expression in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Moreover, we investigated the effects of adrenomedullin (AM), which is a multi-functional regulatory peptide, on the production of CXCL10 by HGFs. We revealed that TNF-alpha stimulation induced CXCL10 production by HGFs. HGFs expressed AM and AM receptors, calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and receptor-activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 2, mRNAs constitutively. AM treatment supressed CXCL10 production by TNF-alpha-stimulated HGFs. Moreover, we elucidated that AM produced by HGFs inhibited CXCL10 production by HGFs, because AM antagonist enhanced CXCL10 production by HGFs. TNF-alpha treatment enhanced CRLR and RAMP2 mRNA expression in HGFs. Furthermore, AM is expressed in human periodontal tissues, including both inflamed and clinically healthy tissues. These results suggest that the CXCL10 produced by HGFs may be involved in the migration of leucocytes into inflamed tissues and related to exacerbation of periodontal disease. AM might be a therapeutic target of periodontal disease, because AM can inhibit CXCL10 production by HGFs.
Kim M David, Koszeghy L Kristian, Badovinac L Rachel, Toshihisa Kawai, Ikuko Hosokawa, Howell Howard T and Karimbux y Nadeem : The effect of aspirin on gingival crevicular fluid levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators in patients with gingivitis., Journal of Periodontology, Vol.78, No.8, 1620-1626, 2007.
44.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki, Hideaki Nakae and Takashi Matsuo : CXC chemokine ligand 16 in periodontal diseases: expression in diseased tissues and production by cytokine-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts., Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Vol.149, No.1, 146-154, 2007.
(要約)
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disorder characterized by the involvement of chemokines that are important for the recruitment of leucocytes. Several cytokines are involved in regulating levels of chemokines in periodontal disease. CXCL16 is a chemokine related to the migration of T helper 1 (Th1) cells and natural killer (NK) cells. In this study, we examined its expression in periodontal tissues. Moreover, we investigated the effects of cytokines on the production of CXCL16 by human gingival fibroblast (HGF). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and immunohistochemistry revealed that CXCL16 and its receptor, CXCR6, were expressed at the mRNA and protein levels in diseased tissues. Proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma] increased the mRNA expression and release of CXCL16 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, treatment of HGFs with IFN-gamma in combination with IL-1beta had a synergistic effect on the production of CXCL16. On the other hand, IL-4 and IL-13 inhibited the IL-1beta-induced CXCL16 production by HGFs. Inhibitors of A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM)10 and ADAM17, a recently identified protease of CXCL16, reduced the amount of CXCL16 released from HGFs. These results suggest that the CXCL16 produced by HGFs may be involved in the migration of leucocytes into inflamed tissues, and provide evidence that CXCL16 production is controlled by cytokines in periodontal disease.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki, Hideaki Nakae and Takashi Matsuo : Proinflammatory effects of tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) on human gingival fibroblasts., Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Vol.146, No.3, 540-549, 2006.
(要約)
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), a member of the TNF family, is a multi-functional cytokine that regulates cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated TWEAK expression in periodontally diseased tissues and the effect of TWEAK on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and immunohistochemistry revealed that TWEAK and the TWEAK receptor, fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), mRNA and protein were expressed in periodontally diseased tissues. HGF expressed Fn14 and produced interleukin (IL)-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production upon TWEAK stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. The IL-8 and VEGF production induced by TWEAK was augmented synergistically by simultaneous stimulation with transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 or IL-1beta. IL-1beta and TGF-beta1 enhanced Fn14 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, TWEAK induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression on HGF in a dose-dependent manner. The ICAM-1 expression induced by TWEAK was augmented by TGF-beta1. On the other hand, the TWEAK-induced VCAM-1 expression was inhibited by TGF-beta1. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) inhibitor inhibit both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression induced by TWEAK. However, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor enhanced only VCAM-1 expression on HGF. These results suggest that TWEAK may be involved in the pathophysiology of periodontal disease. Moreover, in combination with IL-1beta or TGF-beta1, TWEAK may be related to the exacerbation of periodontal disease to induce proinflammatory cytokines and adherent molecules by HGF.
Ikuko Hosokawa, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, H Komatsuzawa, RB Goncalves, N Karimbux, MH Napimoga, Makoto Seki, K Ouhara, M Sugai, Martin A Taubman and Toshihisa Kawai : Innate immune peptide LL-37 displays distinct expression pattern from beta-defensins in inflamed gingival tissue., Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Vol.146, No.2, 218-225, 2006.
(要約)
Anti-microbial peptides produced from mucosal epithelium appear to play pivotal roles in the host innate immune defence system in the oral cavity. In particular, human beta-defensins (hBDs) and the cathelicidin-type anti-microbial peptide, LL-37, were reported to kill periodontal disease-associated bacteria. In contrast to well-studied hBDs, little is known about the expression profiles of LL-37 in gingival tissue. In this study, the anti-microbial peptides expressed in gingival tissue were analysed using immunohistochemistry and enxyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunohistochemistry revealed that neutrophils expressed only LL-37, but not hBD-2 or hBD-3, and that such expression was prominent in the inflammatory lesions when compared to healthy gingivae which showed very few or no LL-37 expressing neutrophils. Gingival epithelial cells (GEC), however, expressed all three examined anti-microbial peptides, irrespective of the presence or absence of inflammation. Moreover, as determined by ELISA, the concentration of LL-37 in the gingival tissue homogenates determined was correlated positively with the depth of the gingival crevice. Stimulation with periodontal bacteria in vitro induced both hBD-2 and LL-37 expressions by GEC, whereas peripheral blood neutrophils produced only LL-37 production, but not hBD-2, in response to the bacterial stimulation. These findings suggest that LL-37 displays distinct expression patterns from those of hBDs in gingival tissue.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki, Hideaki Nakae and Takashi Matsuo : Cytokines differentially regulate ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression on human gingival fibroblasts., Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Vol.144, No.3, 494-502, 2006.
(要約)
The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) may be important for migration and retention of inflammatory cells in periodontally diseased tissue. This study aimed to assess which cytokines regulate ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression on HGF. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma enhanced both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression on HGF. Interleukin (IL)-1beta mainly up-regulated ICAM-1 expression. On the other hand, IL-4 and IL-13 enhanced only VCAM-1 expression on HGF. IL-10 did not modulate both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 enhanced ICAM-1 expression. However, TGF-beta1 inhibited the VCAM-1 expression induced by TNF-alpha or IL-4. Both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression by HGF was inhibited by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation inhibitor (MG-132). Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) inhibitors did not influence ICAM-1 expression induced by TNF-alpha. Interestingly, VCAM-1 expression was enhanced by MEK inhibitor (PD98059) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor (SP600125). These results mean that the balance of cytokines in periodontally diseased tissue may be essential for control of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression on HGF, and the balance of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression might be important for regulation of leucocytes infiltration and retention in periodontally diseased tissue.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki, Hideaki Nakae and Takashi Matsuo : Increase of CCL20 expression by human gingival fibroblasts upon stimulation with cytokines and bacterial endotoxin, Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Vol.142, No.2, 285-291, 2005.
(要約)
We have demonstrated recently that CCL20 was expressed in periodontal diseased tissues and abundant CCR6 positive T cells infiltrated in periodontally diseased tissue. However, it is uncertain which cells can elicit CCL20 production. In the present study, we examined the properties of CCL20 production by human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) culture. Here, we report that interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can significantly induce the production of CCL20 by HGF. We found that TNF-alpha and E. coli LPS enhanced the production of CCL20 by HGF treated with IL-1beta. In contrast, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) dramatically diminished CCL20 production induced by IL-1beta. Moreover, we demonstrated that nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) play an important role in mediating the production of CCL20 induced by IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. On the other hand, we found that not only NF-kappaB, p38 MAPK and ERK but also c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) are involved in CCL20 production induced by E. coli LPS. Finally, we found that HGF express CCR6, CCL20 receptor, and CCL20 induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by HGF. Taken together, these findings that HGF will be a source of CCL20 in periodontal tissue, and the CCL20 production will be controlled by proinflammatory cytokine and bacterial LPS in periodontally diseased tissue. Thus, CCL20 by HGF might be involved in inflammatory cells infiltration, and promote the progression of periodontal disease.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki, Hideaki Nakae, Keiji Murakami, Yoichiro Miyake and Takashi Matsuo : CXCL12 and CXCR4 expression by human gingival fibroblasts in periodontal disease, Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Vol.141, No.3, 467-474, 2005.
(要約)
CXCL12 is a CXC chemokine that is related to lymphocyte infiltration and angiogenesis in inflammatory sites such as arthritis. However, the expression and roles of CXCL12 in periodontal disease are uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of CXCL12 and its receptor, CXCR4, in periodontal tissue and to investigate the properties of CXCL12 and CXCR4 expression by human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). RT-PCR analysis revealed that CXCL12 and CXCR4 mRNA were expressed in both normal gingival tissues and periodontal diseased tissues. Immunohistochemistry disclosed that CXCL12 was expressed and CXCR4 positive cells were found in both normal and periodontal diseased gingival tissues. Our in vitro experiments elucidated that HGF constitutively produced CXCL12, and the levels were enhanced by stimulation with tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and macrophage inflammatory protein 3(alpha) (MIP-3(alpha)). On the other hand, heat killed Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and P. gingivalis LPS reduced the CXCL12 production by HGF. Flow cytometry analysis clarified that CXCR4 was highly expressed on HGF, and CXCR4 expression was abrogated by TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and P. gingivalis LPS. Moreover, CXCL12 induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production by HGF. Our results demonstrated that CXCL12 might be related to CXCR4+ cells infiltration and angiogenesis both in normal periodontal tissues and periodontal diseased tissue. P. gingivalis, a known periodontal pathogen, inhibits the production of CXCL12 and the expression of CXCR4 by HGF. This fact means that P. gingivalis may inhibit CXCR4+ cells infiltration and neovascularization in periodontal tissue and escape from the immune response.
Shindo Satoru, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : The effect of genipin on dendritic cells activation, 93rd General Session & Exhibition of the IADR, Boston, Mar. 2015.
2.
Ikuko Hosokawa, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Shindo Satoru, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : Melatonin inhibits inflammatory mediators productions in human periodontal ligament cells, 93rd General Session & Exhibition of the IADR, Boston, Mar. 2015.
3.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Satoru Shindo, Kazumi Ozaki and Takashi Matsuo : IL-4 modulates chemokine productions from IL-1-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells, 93rd General Session & Exhibition of the IADR, Boston, Mar. 2015.
4.
Satoru Shindo, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa and Takashi Matsuo : The effect of genipin on MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression in IL-1beta-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells, The 15th Joint Scientific Meeting of JSCD-KACD, Gyeongju, Korea, Nov. 2013.
5.
Ikuko Hosokawa, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki, Hiromichi Yumoto, Hideaki Nakae and Takashi Matsuo : Pro-inflammatory Roles of NOD2 in Human Gingival Fibroblasts, The 3rd International Symposium on "Oral Sciences to Improve the Quality of Life", Tokushima, Sep. 2008.
6.
Ikuko Hosokawa, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki, Hiromichi Yumoto, Hideaki Nakae and Takashi Matsuo : Pro-inflammatory Roles of NOD2 in Human Gingival Fibroblasts, 86th General Session and Exhibition of the International Association for Dental Research, Toronto, Jul. 2008.
7.
Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Ikuko Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki, Hideaki Nakae and Takashi Matsuo : Th17 cytokines enhance CCL20 production by human gingival fibroblasts., 86th General Session and Exhibition of the International Association for Dental Research, Toronto, Jun. 2008.
8.
Ikuko Hosokawa, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, RB Goncalves, Martin A Taubman, NY Karimbux, Komatsuzawa Hitoshi and Toshihisa Kawai : Expressinon of Antibacterial Peptides in Periodontal Disease, 82nd General Session and Exhibition of International Association for Dental Research, Honolulu, Mar. 2004.
Ikuko Hosokawa, Yoshitaka Hosokawa, Kazumi Ozaki, Hideaki Nakae and Takashi Matsuo : Adrenomedullin inhibits CXCL10 production by human gingival fibroblasts, 56th Annual Meeting of Japanese Association for Dental Research, Nov. 2008.