Eiko Ohsugi, Yoshinori Mitamura, Kayo Shinomiya, Masanori Niki, Hiroki Sano, Toshihiko Nagasawa, Shimizu Yukiko, Nagasato Daisuke and Tabuchi Hitoshi : Changes in choroidal thickness in healthy pediatric individuals: A longitudinal study, International Journal of Ophthalmology, Vol.11, No.7, 1179-1184, 2018.
(要約)
To investigate the changes in the choroidal thickness in healthy pediatric children in a longitudinal study, and to determine the ocular and systemic parameters that were significantly correlated with the changes in the choroidal thickness. This study included 64 eyes of 34 healthy Japanese children with a mean age (±SD) of 4.4 (±0.4)y (range, 3.6-5.8y) at baseline. Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) was used to record images of the retina and choroid at the baseline and after a mean follow-up period of about 1.5y. The 3D raster scan protocol was used to construct the choroidal thickness map. Mean choroidal thickness was calculated for each of the nine sectors of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid. Best-corrected visual acuity, axial length, body height, and weight were also measured. Changes in measurements were defined as the baseline values subtracted from the values at the final visit. A generalized estimating equation was used to eliminate the effect of within-subject intereye correlations. The mean central choroidal thickness was significantly reduced during the follow-up period (baseline, 301.8±8.6 µm; final visit, 286.6±8.0 µm, <0.001). The decrease in the choroidal thickness was greatest in the central sector, followed by the sectors of the inner and outer rings. The inner and outer rings had diameters of 1 to 3 mm and 3 to 6 mm, respectively. The changes in the choroidal thickness in the central, inner ring, and outer ring sectors were significantly and negatively correlated with the age, baseline body height, baseline body weight, and elongation of the axial length. These results indicate that the choroidal thickness among preschool-aged Japanese children decreased significantly during the follow-up period. The choroidal thinning is significantly associated with the elongation of axial length. These characteristics should be considered in the evaluation of choroidal thickness in younger children with retinochoroidal disorders.
Farouk Mohameud, Takeshi Naito, Kayo Shinomiya and Yoshinori Mitamura : Observation of Ciliary Body Changes during Accommodation Using Anterior OCT., The Journal of Medical Investigation : JMI, Vol.65, No.1,2, 60-63, 2018.
(要約)
To evaluate the anatomical changes in the ciliary body (CB) during naturally stimulated accommodation in children using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). This study was a prospective, observational, noncomparative case series included 18 eyes of 9 children (8 males and 1 female) aged from 4 to 10 years. Ciliary body thickness (CBT) was measured temporally by Anterior OCT at 1, 2 and 3 mm posterior to the scleral spur. Measurements were performed in the accommodated state and the unaccommodated state (with cycloplegia). The mean CBT significantly increased by accommodation at 1 mm posterior to the scleral spur from 751 42 to 818 40 μm (P 0.001) and significantly decreased at 2 and 3 mm from 506 66 to 445 59 μm and from 290 54 to 240 50 μm respectively (P 0.001). During accommodation, the anterior portion of the ciliary body thickens, while the posterior portion decreases in thickness. These findings imply that the circular ciliary muscles are mainly involved in accommodation and not the longitudinal muscles. J. Med. Invest. 65:60-63, February, 2018.
Nishi Tomo, Ueda Tetsuo, MIzusawa Yuutaro, Kentaro Senba, Kayo Shinomiya, Yoshinori Mitamura, Sakamoto Taiji and Ogata Nahoko : Effect of optical correction on subfoveal choroidal thickness in children with anisohypermetropic amblyopia., PLoS ONE, Vol.12, No.12, e0189735, 2017.
(要約)
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of optical correction on the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) in the eyes of children with anisohypermetropic amblyopia. Twenty-four anisohypermetropic amblyopic eyes and their fellow eyes of 24 patients and twenty-three eyes of 23 age-matched control children were studied. After one year of optical correction, the BCVA in the anisohypermetropic amblyopic eyes was significantly improved. Before the treatment, the mean subfoveal CT in the amblyopic eyes was 351.9 ± 59.4 μm which was significantly thicker than that of control eyes at 302.4 ± 63.2 μm. After the treatment, the amount of change in the subfoveal CT in the amblyopic and fellow eyes was greater than that in the control eyes. The amblyopic and fellow eyes with thicker choroids had a greater thinning of the choroid whereas eyes with thinner choroids had a greater thickening of the choroid. We conclude that wearing corrective lenses improves the visual acuity, and induces changes of the subfoveal CT in eyes with anisohypermetropic amblyopia.
Takamasa Kinoshita, Yoshinori Mitamura, Kayo Shinomiya, Mariko Egawa, Akiko Iwata, Akiko Fujihara, Kentaro Senba, Yoko Oogushi, Kei Akaiwa, Eisuke Uchino, Taiji Sakamoto and Shozo Sonoda : Diurnal variations in luminal and stromal areas of choroid in normal eyes, The British journal of Ophthalmology, Vol.101, No.3, 360-364, 2017.
(要約)
To determine the diurnal variations of the luminal and stromal areas of the choroid in normal eyes. This was a prospective observational study of 38 eyes of 38 normal subjects. The blood pressure, heart rate, intraocular pressure and enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomographic (EDI-OCT) images were recorded every 3 hours between 6:00 and 21:00 hours. The horizontal EDI-OCT images of the subfoveal choroid were converted to binary images. The central choroidal thickness (CCT), total cross-sectional choroidal area, the luminal areas, stromal areas and the ratio of luminal area to total choroidal area (L/C ratio) were determined. There were significant diurnal variations in the CCT, total choroidal area, luminal area and L/C ratio with the maximum values at 6:00 hours and the minimum values at 15:00 hours (p<0.001 for the CCT, p=0.011 for the total choroidal area, p<0.001 for the luminal area and p=0.014 for the L/C ratio). There was no significant variation in the stromal area (p=0.216). The range of fluctuation in the CCT was significantly correlated with that in the luminal area and the total choroidal area (p<0.001). However, there was no significant correlation between the fluctuation range in the CCT and that in the stromal area (p=0.095). There was no statistical relationship between the systemic parameters and the choroidal parameters. The changes in the luminal area are most likely responsible for the diurnal change in the CCT and subfoveal choroidal area. UMIN000019060, Pre-results.
Tomo Nishi, Tetsuo Ueda, Yuutaro Mizusawa, Kayo Shinomiya, Kentaro Senba, Yoshinori Mitamura, Shozo Sonoda, Eisuke Uchino, Taiji Sakamoto and Nahoko Ogata : Choroidal structure in children with anisohypermetropic amblyopia determined by binarization of optical coherence tomographic images, PLoS ONE, Vol.11, No.10, e0164672, 2016.
(要約)
To compare the choroidal structure of the subfoveal area in the eyes of children with anisohypermetropic amblyopia to that of the fellow eyes and to age-matched controls using a binarization method of the images obtained by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). This study was performed at Nara Medical University Hospital, Tokushima University Hospital, and Kagoshima University Hospital, Japan. Forty amblyopic eyes with anisohypermetropic amblyopia and their fellow eyes (5.9 ± 2.1 years, mean ± standard deviation), and 103 age-matched controls (6.7 ± 2.4 years) were studied. The control eyes were divided into myopic, emmetropic, and hyperopic eyes. The total choroidal area, luminal area and stromal area of the subfoveal choroid were measured by the binarization method. The luminal/stromal ratio and the axial length of the amblyopic eyes were compared to that of the control eyes. The total choroidal area in the amblyopic eyes was significantly larger than that of the fellow eyes (P = 0.005). The luminal/stromal ratio was significantly larger in the amblyopic eyes than that of the fellow eyes (P<0.001) and the control hyperopic eyes (P<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between the luminal/stromal ratio and the axial length in the control eyes (r = -0.30, P = 0.001), but no significant correlation was found in the amblyopic eyes. The choroidal structure of the amblyopic eyes was different from that of the fellow and the control hyperopic eyes. The choroidal changes are related to amblyopia.
Mahmoud Mohamed Farouk, Takeshi Naito, Kayo Shinomiya, Hiroshi Eguchi, Khulood Mohammed Sayed, Toshihiko Nagasawa, Takashi Katome and Yoshinori Mitamura : Optical Coherence Tomography Reveals New Insights into the Accommodation Mechanism., Journal of Ophthalmology, Vol.2015, 510459, 2015.
(要約)
Purpose. To evaluate the movement of the anterior and posterior lens poles during naturally stimulated accommodation in children using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods. This is a prospective, observational, noncomparative case series including 18 eyes of nine children. Analysis of the anterior segment in the accommodated and unaccommodated state (with cycloplegia) was done using anterior segment OCT. The main outcome measures were the position of the anterior and posterior lens poles (in relation to the cornea) and lens thickness (LT). Results. A Statistically significant forward movement of the anterior lens pole and backward movement of the posterior lens pole with an increase in LT were found during accommodation (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the degree of movement of the anterior lens pole and the posterior lens pole during accommodation (P = 0.944). Conclusions. Anterior segment OCT provides a rapid noncontact method for studying accommodation in children. The backward movement of the posterior lens pole during accommodation nearly equals the forward movement of its anterior pole. These data minimize the theoretical hydraulic effect of the vitreous during accommodation, adding more support to the capsular theory of Helmholtz.
Kayo Shinomiya, Nobuyuki Itsuki, Masanori Kubo and Hiroshi Shiota : Analyses of the characteristics of potential and cross-talk at each electrode in electro-oculogram., The Journal of Medical Investigation : JMI, Vol.55, No.1-2, 120-126, 2008.
(要約)
We placed negative electrodes on the body and positive electrodes at the medial and lateral canthi, measured their potentials separately, evaluated their characteristics, and analyzed cross-talk. We recorded EOG in 6 normal subjects and found the following. The potential at the medial was lower than that at the lateral canthus in the bilateral eyes. The polarity of waves at the lateral was reverse to that at the medial canthus in the bilateral eyes. We recorded EOG in 6 patients with unilateral anophthalmia and found the following. On the anophthalmia side, the potential at the lateral was considerably lower than that at the medial canthus. The polarity of the potential was the same between the medial and lateral canthi. The mean cross-talk to the medial canthus on the anophthalmia side was 8.7%-54.0% of the potential at the medial canthus on the normal side. The mean cross-talk to the lateral canthus on the anophthalmia side was 4.4%-16.9%. The influence of cross-talk of the other eye was marked at the medial but slight at the lateral canthus. In EOG recording, results with minimum errors due to cross-talk can be obtained by paying attention to the potential at the lateral canthus.
IT stands for information technology, and the chance to use IT equipments such as personalcomputers and game machines has been increasing dramatically. IT eye syndromes are referredto unpleasant symptoms of the eye because of these. They are mainly due to asthenopia by ocularmovement and accommodation, and dry eye.It is important to take a proper rest in computer-aided works, and to put the display on anappropriate position for the prevention of IT eye syndrome. When glasses or contact lens areused, it is necessary to check whether they are appropriate or not. It is preferable to reviewworking environment, and person who engage in personal computer works for a long time shouldreceive regular health screenings for the prevention of IT eye syndrome.
(キーワード)
IT eye syndrome / information technology / dry eye / asthenopia / accommodation
Kayo Shinomiya, Makoto Kajima, Hiroko Tajika, Hiroshi Shiota, Ryuji Nakagawa and Takahiko Saijyou : Renal failure caused by eyedrops containing phenylephrine in a case of retinopathy of prematurity, The Journal of Medical Investigation : JMI, Vol.50, No.3.4, 203-206, 2003.
(要約)
The patient was a low birth weight infant with a history of renal failure. She was referred to our department 29 days after birth to undergo fundus examination. She experienced renal failure after undergoing a mydriatic test and needed medical treatment. Eyedrops containing phenylephrine were instilled several times and additional drops were also instilled during the fundal examination using an eyelid retractor, therefore the blood concentration of the drug was elevated sufficiently to contract the renal vessels, ultimately inducing renal failure. The present case suggests that since the use of mydriatic eyedrops in low birth weight infants could induce renal failure, the following points should be considered: 1) Mydriatic eyedrops should be used with caution by monitoring mydriasis and avoiding excessive instillation; 2) After instillation, the lacrimal region should be compressed to prevent the flow of mydriatic drops to the nasolacrimal canal; and 3) Vital signs should be monitored to check the onset of any adverse reactions for 12 hours after fundal examination.
(キーワード)
Renal failure / mydriatic drug / phenylephrine / retinopathy of prematurity
Takashi Asahara, Kayo Shinomiya, Takeshi Naito and Hiroshi Shiota : Induction of Gene into the Rabbit Eye by Iontophoresis:Preliminary Report, Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology, Vol.45, No.1, 31-39, 2001.
(要約)
To assess the transfer of 6-carboxyfluorescein (6-FAM)-labeled phosphorothioate oligonucleotides(S-ODNs) into the ocular tissues, their stability, and possibility of injury to the ocular tissues. The S-ODNs(2 mL/eye)were transduced noninvasively into albino rabbit eyes.The iontophoresis group consisted of 6 rabbits (12 eyes); the control group consisted of 2 rabbits (4 eyes) given eye drops containing S-ODNs. Aqueous humor and vitreous humor were collected after iontophoresis, subjected to electrophoresis with a fluorescence DNA sequencer and analyzed by the Gene Scan program. Frozen sections, 10-microm thick, were prepared for observation under a fluorescence microscope. A plasmid 4.7 kbp in size that expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) was induced into the 18 eyes of 9 rabbits by the same procedure. In the iontophoresis group, S-ODNs were detected in the anterior chamber 5 minutes after electrophoresis began and in the vitreous after 10 minutes. These S-ODNs maintained the same length as at the initial synthesis. The S-ODNs could also be detected in the posterior retina 20 minutes after electrophoresis. No evidence of degeneration or inflammation due to the above procedure was found in the ocular tissues. Fluorescence showing GFP gene expression was found in the cornea, the anterior chamber angle, and the ciliary subepithelial tissues. These findings show that iontophoresis is an effective method to induce genes into the rabbit eye.
(キーワード)
Gene transduction / green fluorescent protein / iontophoresis / phosphorothioatc oligonucleotide
After inducing 6-carboxyfluorescein (6-FAM)-labeled phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (S-ODNs) noninvasively into albino rabbit eyes by iontophoresis, we assessed the transfer of S-ODNs into the ocular tissues, their stability, and the possible presence of injury to the ocular tissues. The iontophoresis group consisted of 12 eyes of 6 rabbits and the control group consisted of 4 eyes of 2 rabbits given eye drops containing S-ODNs. Aqueous humor and vitreous humor were collected after iontophoresis, subjected to electrophoresis with a fluorescent DNA sequencer and analyzed by the Gene Scan program. Frozen sections at 10 microns were prepared for observations under a fluorescent microscope. A plasmid 4.7 kbp in size that expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) was induced into 18 eyes of 9 rabbits by the same procedure. In the iontophoresis group, S-ODNs were detected in the anterior chamber 5 minutes after electrophoresis and in the vitreous 10 minutes after. These S-ODNs maintained the same length as at the initial synthesis. S-ODNs could also be detected in the posterior retina 20 minutes after electrophoresis. No evidence of degeneration or inflammation due to the above procedure was found in the ocular tissues. Fluorescence showing GFP gene expressions were found in the cornea, the anterior chamber angle, and the ciliary subepithelial tissues. These findings show that iontophoresis is an effective method to induce gene into rabbit eyes.
(キーワード)
イオントホレーゼ / ホスホロチオエート型オリゴヌクレオチド / Green fluorescent protein
(文献検索サイトへのリンク)
● PubMed @ National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine (PMID): 10214051
Kayo Shinomiya, Sonoda Nao, Okamoto Satoe, Kitora AKiko, Iwata Akiko, Yoshinori Mitamura and Fujikado Takashi : Measuring Depth Perception during the Use of Microscope, XII MEETING of the international Strabismological Association, Kyoto International Conference Center(December 1-4,2014), Dec. 2014.
Kayo Shinomiya, Sonoda Nao, Okamoto Satoe, Kitora AKiko, Iwata Akiko, Yoshinori Mitamura and Fujikado Takashi : (Poster)Measuring Depth Perception during the Use of Microscope, XII MEETING of the international Strabismological Association, Kyoto International Conference Center(December 1-4,2014), Dec. 2014.
Kayo Shinomiya, Hiroshi Shiota, Yaeko Ohgi, Nobuyuki Itsuki, Ray Tabesh, Masashi Yamada and Masanori Kubo : Analysis of the Characteristics of Electrooculogram, Intl. Conf. on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering 2006, 428-431, Singapore, Dec. 2006.
(要約)
In an eyeball there is an electric potential between the cornea (positive) and retina (negative), so an eyeball can be modeled as a battery. In this report the usefulness of the model is examined by applying this battery model to the eye and estimating the weak current in the eye from the measured EOG.
Hiroshi Eguchi, Kayo Shinomiya, Akiko Iwata, Shino Takano and Hiroshi Shiota : A CASE OF PANOPHTHALMITIS CAUSED BY PANTOEA AGGLOMERANS, 4th International Conference on Ocular Infections, 64, Sapporo, Oct. 2005.
Hiroshi Shiota, Kayo Shinomiya, T Nishiuchi, S Inoue and Takeshi Naito : ASSOCIATION OF HERPETIC KERATITIS AND KERATOMYCOSIS IN THREE PATIENTS, XXXIXth International Congress of Ophthalmology, Sydney, Apr. 2002.